Cilia and FlagellaBy Peyton O’Hara
Cilia
Flagella
What is CiliaO Cilia are the small hair like structures
on the outside of the organelles of almost all mammals cells
O They are found in eukaryotic cells
O It is rare that they are found in plants
O Cilia are broken down into two different kinds
O There is Motile and Non-Motile or Primary
O Sometimes they will function together
Motile (moving)
Structure FunctionO They usually have
a wave like motionO They are mostly
found in larger eukaryotes (mammals)
O They are mostly used to move things along in the body
O Ex. To move dirt and mucus along in the airways
Places they are foundO LungsO Middle earO Respiratory tractO Fallopian tubes of females
Non-Motile or PrimaryStructure Function
O They are on almost every cell in the body
O They look like a spike
O They is usually one per cell but some have multiple (specialized primary)
O They can act as sensory antenna for the cell by sending and receiving data
Places they are foundO Nose (multiple)O Eye (multiple)O Kidney
FlagellaO They look like a tail that comes off of
the cellO There are three different types of
flagella O BacterialO ArchaellaO Eukaryotic
StructureArchaella Eukaryotic
O Has a rotary motor at the base that can turn it clockwise or counterclockwise
O If there is more than one they all rotate separately
O Plant, animal and protist cells
O They are similar to motile cilia in the ways that they move and function
Bacterial
O Almost the same as bacterial
O There are many of them and they rotate as a single unit
FunctionO A flagella is used to get a cell from
place to anotherO If they are on a stationary cell then
they are found in masses and move the fluid along the surface
O Ex. A sperm swims by the use of the flagella and the collar cell in a sponge will move water through it by the beating of its flagella
O The only really big difference between the structures of flagella and cilia is their length and thickness
Extra InformationO Cilia make water currents that carry
food and oxygen past the gills of clams and transport food through the digestive systems of snails.
O Flagella can also create the water currents necessary for respiration and circulation in sponges and coelenterates as well.
DiseasesO Ectopic pregnancy- happens when
the cilia in the fallopian tubes isn’t functioning properly and can cause a tubal pregnancy (most common)
O Polycystic Kidney disease- is when cysts form in the kidneys
O Bardet-Biedl syndrome-can be almost anywhere in your body. Eyes, nose ,hands, cardiovascular system, stomach, urogenital system, behavior (similar to Autism) and sometimes obesity
