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CIPROFLOXACIN
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Introduction
DRUG : Ciprofloxacin
BRAND NAME : Baycip
Company name : Bayer
CATEGORY : Antibiotic
Description:- Ciprofloxacin is a
synthetic chemotherapeutic antibio
tic of the fluoroquinolone drug class. It
is a second-generationfluoroquinolone antibacterial
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Ciprofloxacin: Chemical Structure
Ciprofloxacin is a 4-quinolone antibacterial durg
Ref : Drugs 1988 (35: 373-447)
F
O
CO2H
NN
HN
Effective against gram-
positive and gram-
negative pathogens.
Effective against
pseudomonas
Confers potent
antimicrobial activity
Ciprofloxacin
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Mechanism of Action:
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Mechanism of Action
Ciprofloxacin inhibits DNA gyrase enzyme
which is responsible for super coiling of
DNA. It acts as bactericidal in bacteria which are
actively multiplying and even those which
are stationary.
Ciprofloxacin gets concentrated in all the
tissues as the volume of distribution of drug
is high, sufficient to eradicate infections.
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PHARMACOKINETICS
Oral bioavailability good
Good volume of distribution.
Eliminated from body in short time and
hence no cumulation.
Less plasma protein binding and therefore
more drug available at tissue sites.
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CIPROFLOXACIN: ANTIBACTERIAL SPECTRUM
Antibacterial spectrum ciprofloxacin has in vitro activity against a wide range ofgram-negative, gram-positive and atypical pathogens.
Gram-positive Gram-negative Atypical
S.epidermidis E.coli, L.pneumophila
S.pneumoniae H.influenzae M.pneumoniae
S.pyogenes K.pneumoniae C.trachomatis
N.gonorrhoeae
P.mirabilis
S.typhii
Serratia,
Shigella
M.catarrhalis
Pseudomonas
Others: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Market Formulations & Strenghts:
Ciprofloxacin is available as:
Tablets (100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg
or 1000 mg)
Intravenous solutions (5% and 10%, 100
mL)
Eye and ear drops
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Dosage and Administration:
RECOMMENDEDSTARTING AND MAINTENANCE DOSES FOR
PATIENTS WITH IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION
CreatinineClearance (mL/min) Dose
50 UsualD
osage. 30 50 250 500 mg q 12 h
5 29 250 500 mg q 18 h
Patients on hemodialysis 250 500 mg q 24 h
or Peritoneal dialysis (after dialysis)
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Dosage Administration:
Infection Severity Dose Frequency Usuaual
Duration
Urinary Tract Acute Uncomplicated 250 mg q 12 h 3 days
Mild/Moderate 250 mg q 12 h 7 to 14 days
Severe/Complicated 500 mg q 12 h 7 to 14 days
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Indications:
On promotion:
Multi drug resistant-typoih and paratyphoid fever.
Urinary tract infections Surgical prophylaxis
Surgical bound infections
Otitis media
Acute sinusitis.
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Indications:
Generalindications:
LRTI
ENT infections
Infectious diarrhea, dysentery and typhoid fever Paratyphoid fever
Cholera
UTI (acute, sub acute and chronic)
Skin and soft tissue infections
Orthopedic infections Gynecological infections
Gall bladder infections
Gonorrhea
Chancroid
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Contraindications :
Hypersensitivity to the drug
Epilepsy or convulsions
Pregnancy, lactation.
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Overdose:
Overdose of ciprofloxacin may result in reversible
renal toxicity. Treatment of overdose includes
emptying of the stomach via induced vomiting or
by gastric lavage. Administration of magnesium,
aluminum, or calcium containing antacids can
reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin.
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Side Effects:
dizziness, fainting, fast or pounding heartbeat;
sudden pain or swelling near your joints (especially in your arm or
ankle);
diarrhea that is watery or bloody;
confusion, hallucinations, depression, unusual thoughts or behavior;
seizure (convulsions);
pale or yellowed skin, dark colored urine, fever, weakness;
numbness, tingling, or unusual pain anywhere in your body;
fever, sore throat, and headache with a severe blistering, peeling, andred skin rash; or
the first sign of any skin rash, no matter how mild.
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Adverse Effects:
Gastro Intestinal Tract All quinolones have varying
degrees of GIT irritation ranging from mild nausea to
severe gastritis which can be limited by administering hr
after food. Central Nervous Systemeffects The Pharmacodynamic
Drug interactions with NSAIDs manifest sometimes as
convulsions.
Cardio Vascular System Toxicity.
Phototoxicity.
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LeadingManufacturingCompanies:
Brand
Cifron-CT
Ciplox-TZ Zoxin- TZ
Ciprolets-A
Alcipro-TN
Quintor TZ Ciprobid TZ
Company
Ranbaxy
Cipla FDC
Dr. Reddys
Alkem
Torrent Zy.alidac
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HIGHLIGHTS OFCIPROFLOXACIN
The most potent fluorinated quinolone
Has a very broad spectrum of antibacterial activity
Ensures rapid bactericidal activity at very lowconcentrations
Is rapidly distributed and adequate levels are
achieved in most tissues and body fluids with high
intracellular concentrations in the phagocytes
Good bioavailability with an extended half-life of
elimination
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CIPROFLOXACIN: A SUCCESS STORY
Ciprofloxacin, has become a remarkable
success story in the pharmaceutical
industry, not only for being the first oralantimicrobial drug with broad spectrum that
can be used to treat day-today as well as
serious infections, but also for its
penetration into the commercial market
place.
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