Circumstance
By: Lena, Jaclyn, Jennifer, Sheena, Nilani and Rafia
Parameters in which an event:
Can or cannot happen
Whether the event has happened already, or will
happen in the future
and
Circumstance is composed of two strategies:
1. The Possible and the Impossible
2. Past Fact and Future Fact
The Possible and the Impossible
What?
Inspires audience with confidence in reality of accomplishing something, using examples of people who have completed similar or identical acts
Possible and Impossible
More similar the example, the more persuasive the argument
Possible and Impossible
Advantages
Strategy proves to audience that desirable act is attainable
Possible and Impossible
Disadvantages
Two things are never equally possible, or impossible
Possible and Impossible
Examples
If something has a beginning it can have an end, vice versa
Possible and Impossible
Parts possible
Whole thing possible
Possible and Impossible More
Examples…
Possible and Impossible
If something can be produced without preparation, it can be done
with the aid of preparation
Continued…
Past Fact and Future Fact
What?
Factor in which an incident/event has happened in the past or will happen in the future.
Past Fact and Future Fact
Advantages
Both use deductive reasoning (arguing from probable premise(s) to draw a probable conclusion(s)).
Past Fact and Future Fact
Past; degree of probability increases with frequency of occurrence.
Past Fact and Future Fact
Advantages Continued…
The more attempts you make and the more faith you have, the more likely it will occur; which creates optimism.
Disadvantages
Not everything that has happened will happen again.
Ex. Dinosaurs, Polar bears
Past Fact and Future Fact
Past Fact and Future Fact
Disadvantages Continued…
Our presumptions effect our minds from thinking reasonably
Each fact must be supported with evidence otherwise it is considered unreliable.
Examples
Past If something that naturally follows something else has occurred,
then that something else has happened too.
Ex. Hear thunder, presume that lightning has flashed.
Past Fact and Future Fact
Future If antecedents/previous circumstances, of something are
present then the natural consequences that follow will occur.
Ex. Dark clouds have gathered, its going to rain.
Past Fact and Future FactMore
Examples…
If it was probable that it happened once then it could happen again.
Ex. If a boy stole money from his father before, then he is capable of stealing from his employer as well.
Past Fact and Future FactContinued…
If the power and desire to do something is present, then that
something will be done.Ex. If a nation has nuclear weapons then it becomes tempting to use it
against their enemy.
Past Fact and Future Fact
If the means are available, the end will be accomplished.
Ex. If someone has enough money to buy that special item, then they can
get it.
Past Fact and Future Fact
Thank you