Civil Rights – A Civil Rights – A Time LineTime Line
Chapter 29Chapter 29
VocabularyVocabulary
De facto discrimination – cultural/societal De facto discrimination – cultural/societal discriminationdiscrimination
De jure discrimination – legalized/codified De jure discrimination – legalized/codified discrimination discrimination
Affirmative ActionAffirmative Action Jim Crow Laws – Legalized segregationJim Crow Laws – Legalized segregation
Civil Rights Civil Rights
1414thth Amendment – Equal protection Amendment – Equal protection (1868)(1868)
1515thth Amendment – guaranteed the Amendment – guaranteed the right to vote (1870)right to vote (1870)
Supreme Court Decision Supreme Court Decision Plessy vs. Plessy vs. FergusonFerguson – “separate but equal” – “separate but equal” (1896)(1896)
Brown v. Board of Education (1954Brown v. Board of Education (1954
Morgan v. Virginia Morgan v. Virginia (1946)(1946)
Ruled unconstitutional segregated Ruled unconstitutional segregated seating on seating on interstateinterstate buses buses
Modern Civil Rights Modern Civil Rights MovementMovement
1954 – 19651954 – 1965 ““Legal” phaseLegal” phase
eliminate Jim Crow lawseliminate Jim Crow laws Focused on the SouthFocused on the South Optimistic PeriodOptimistic Period Whites and Blacks working togetherWhites and Blacks working together Strong OrganizationStrong Organization Non-violenceNon-violence Civil DisobedienceCivil Disobedience
OrganizationsOrganizations
NAACP – legal issuesNAACP – legal issues National Urban League – focused on National Urban League – focused on
people moving to the citiespeople moving to the cities CORE – change through peaceful CORE – change through peaceful
confrontationconfrontation SCLC – non-violent protestsSCLC – non-violent protests SNCC – non violence – young peopleSNCC – non violence – young people
Brown v Board of Brown v Board of Education 1954Education 1954
Overturned Plessy v. FergusonOverturned Plessy v. Ferguson Separate is by its nature unequalSeparate is by its nature unequal
Social consequencesSocial consequences Economic consequences – 10x as much spent Economic consequences – 10x as much spent
educating a white child as a black childeducating a white child as a black child Strong resistance in the SouthStrong resistance in the South Southern Manifesto “resist by all lawful Southern Manifesto “resist by all lawful
means”means”
““Little Rock Nine” Little Rock Nine” (1957)(1957)
Attempt to Attempt to desegregate Central desegregate Central HighHigh
Political motivationsPolitical motivations Federal government Federal government
intervenesintervenes Focused attention on Focused attention on
issues of issues of desegregationdesegregation
Southern ResistanceSouthern Resistance
Southern ResistanceSouthern Resistance
Montgomery Bus Boycott Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)(1955)
Segregated BusesSegregated Buses Rosa ParksRosa Parks 381 Days381 Days 1956 Supreme Court outlaws bus segregation1956 Supreme Court outlaws bus segregation
James Meredith and James Meredith and University of Mississippi University of Mississippi
-1962-1962 US Marshall’s US Marshall’s
escort James escort James Meredith into the Meredith into the University of University of Mississippi Mississippi
Freedom Rides (1961)Freedom Rides (1961) Force enforcement Force enforcement
of bus desegregation of bus desegregation rulingruling
Resulted in Resulted in tremendous violencetremendous violence
Federal Government Federal Government respondedresponded
Interstate Commerce Interstate Commerce CommissionCommission
March on Washington August March on Washington August 19631963
Civil Rights 1964Civil Rights 1964 Civil Rights Act 1964 Civil Rights Act 1964
Banned different voter registration standardsBanned different voter registration standards Prohibited discrimination in all public Prohibited discrimination in all public
accommodationsaccommodations Withheld federal funds from programs that Withheld federal funds from programs that
discriminateddiscriminated Banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, Banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex,
religion or national originreligion or national origin Created the EEOCCreated the EEOC
2424thth Amendment Amendment Ends the poll taxEnds the poll tax
Freedom Summer (1964)Freedom Summer (1964)
Voter Registration Voter Registration DriveDrive
Encountered violent Encountered violent oppositionopposition
Mississippi Burning Mississippi Burning (64)(64)
Voting Rights LegislationVoting Rights Legislation
Voting Rights Act Voting Rights Act (1965)(1965) Eliminated literacy Eliminated literacy
teststests Voter registration Voter registration
by federal officialsby federal officials Registered Registered
African-AmericansAfrican-Americans 1964 – 10%1964 – 10% 1968 – 60%1968 – 60%
From Brown to From Brown to Black PowerBlack Power
Civil Rights Timeline Civil Rights Timeline
Part IIPart II
Civil Rights Movement - Civil Rights Movement - 19651965
Movement becomes Movement becomes militantmilitant Slow progressSlow progress Focused on the NorthFocused on the North De facto segregation De facto segregation Economic opportunityEconomic opportunity Black Power/Black Black Power/Black
PridePride Black nationalismBlack nationalism SeparatismSeparatism
1965 - 19801965 - 1980
Division w/in the African-American Division w/in the African-American communitycommunity Militancy v. non-violenceMilitancy v. non-violence
Division bet. African-Americans and Division bet. African-Americans and WhitesWhites
Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights Movement
Black Panther Party (BPP)Black Panther Party (BPP) Huey Newton/Bobby SealeHuey Newton/Bobby Seale Closed membershipClosed membership Self-defenseSelf-defense Philosophy became MarxistPhilosophy became Marxist Est. community based programsEst. community based programs
Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights Movement
Nation of IslamNation of Islam Black PrideBlack Pride Separatist in natureSeparatist in nature Malcolm XMalcolm X
Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights Movement Watts, Los Angeles (1965) (Video)Watts, Los Angeles (1965) (Video)
Not the worst city for African-AmericansNot the worst city for African-Americans Thirty-four killedThirty-four killed nine hundred injurednine hundred injured property losses of $225 million.property losses of $225 million. Federal troops stop the violence. Federal troops stop the violence.
““Hot Summer” - 1966Hot Summer” - 1966 40 cities experience race riots40 cities experience race riots
Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights Movement
Kerner Commission 1968Kerner Commission 1968 White racismWhite racism Separate and unequalSeparate and unequal Sweeping economic programSweeping economic program unrealizedunrealized