ANTIBIOTIC CLASSIFICATION BY SPECTRUM OF ACTIVITY AND TYPE OF ACTIVITY
Group IMelda YunitaMuh. Noor AdrianSiti Nur AzizahSusi RatnaningtyasPriyanto Dwi NugrohoNi Putu Ratna Ayu KrishantiNurul Hidayah
Spectrum of Activity of Antibiotics
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics (narrow activity)
Broad-spectrum antibiotics (broad activity)
This antibiotics are mainly effective against a limited
group of microbes and exhibit lower toxicity to the
host
This antibiotics effective against many types of
microbes and tend to have higher toxicity to the host
Gram-positive bacteria
Example: penicillin G and penicillin V, erythromycin, clindamycin, kanamycin
Gram-negative bacteria
Example: streptomycin, gentamicin, polymyxin-B, nalidixic acid
Example: sulfonamides, ampicillin, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and rifampicin
(Lambert 1998)
Classification of antibiotics by spectrum of action
(Southwick 2009)
(Southwick 2009)
(Crueger and Crueger, 1984)
Type of Antibiotic Activity
Type of Antibiotic Activity
“bacteriostatic” means that the agent prevents the growth of bacteria (i.e., it keeps them in the stationary phase of growth).
(Madigan et al. 2012)
(Pankey dan Sabath 2004)
Type of Antibiotic Activity
bacteriostatic
inhibit the growth of bacteria
antibiotic
sulphonamid, tetraciklin, chloramphenicol, macrolid (eritromicin, azitromicin)
trimetropim, linkomicin, klindamicin
Type of Antibiotic Activity
“bactericidal” means that antibiotic kills bacteria.
“bactericidal” usually to kill every microrganism (if, for instance, the inoculum is large) within 18–24 h after the test.
(Madigan et al. 2012)
(Pankey dan Sabath 2004)
Type of Antibiotic Activity
antibiotic
bactericidal
kill bacteria
beta lactam antibiotic (penicilin, cephalosporin), polypeptid antibiotic (polymikcin, vancomicin, bacitracin),
siclocerin, rifampicin, chotrimoksazol, isoniazid, nalidixic
acid, carbapenem
Whether a drug is bactericidal or bacteriostatic often depends on: its concentration at the infection site the susceptibility of the microorganism to the
drug. Successful treatment with bacteriostatic
antibiotics depends on the ability of the host’s immune system to eliminate the inhibited bacteria and an adequate duration of drug therapy. Stopping an antibiotic prematurely can result in rapid resumption of bacterial growth.
Bactericidal drugs are preferred in serious infections, especially in people with impaired immune function.
References
Crueger W, Crueger A. 1984. Biotechnology: A Textbook of Industrial Microbiology. US: Science Tech, Inc.
Lambert PA. 1998. Mechanism of action of antibiotics. Di dalam Hugo WB dan Russell AD, editor. Pharmaceutical Microbiology. London (UK): Blackwell Science Ltd.
Madigan MT, Martinko JM, Stahl DA, Clark DP. 2012. Brock Biology of Microorganisms 13th ed. San Francisco (US). Benjamin Cummings.
Pankey GA, Sabath LD. 2004. Clinical relevance of bacteriostatic versus bactericidal mechanisms of action in the treatment of Gram positive bacterial infections. Clinical Infectious Diseases.38:864–870.
Southwick FS. 2009. Anti-infective therapy. Di dalam Southwick FS, editor. A clinical short course: Infectious Disease . New York (US): McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division