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Climate-smart agriculture (CSA): Panacea, propaganda or paradigm shift?
• We are conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the evidence base for CSA.
• More than 144,500 abstracts of journal articles have been reviewed, of which, 6,741 papers met our inclusion/exclusion criteria making this the largest agricultural meta-analysis attempted.
• Geographic clustering of research and a lack of co-located multi-objective research leaves gaps in the evidence base and dictates the need for new paradigm for CSA research.
• Evidence of variable impacts of practices on CSA objectives and synergies and tradeoffs between objectives indicates the need for careful selection of practices when scaling up CSA.
• Data will be publically available in a Web-based database later in 2015.
Todd S. Rosenstock1, 2, Christine Lamanna1, Katherine L. Tully3, Caitlin Corner-Dolloff4 Miguel Lazaro4, Sabrina Chesterman1, Patrick R. Bell5, Evan H. Girvetz2, 6
Main Messages
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Productivity
Ada
ptiv
e ca
paci
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6% 16%
46% 32% Synergies Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs
How do the most common farm-level CSA management practices/technologies affect food production, resilience/adaptive capacity, and mitigation in farming systems of developing countries?
What we are doing?
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ct p
ract
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Sele
ct in
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tors
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Productivity (11)
Resilience/ Adaptive Capacity (23)
Mitigation (9)
Yield Species richness CO2, N2O, CH4 fluxes
Net returns Nutrient use/feed conversion efficiency Carbon in above or belowground pools
Net present value Water use efficiency Emissions intensity
Returns to labor Gender disaggregated labor Woody biomass consumption
Geographic & topical clustering of research
Sear
ch a
nd d
ata
extr
acti
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3
Key word search
Abstract review
Full text review
144,567 papers
16,254 papers
6,741 papers
Data extract-
ion
Ana
lysi
s
4
Standard meta-analytical approach: Response ratios (RR) and Effect sizes (ES). RR = ln(mean(XT)/mean(XC)). ES = weighted mean of RRs based on number of reps.
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Alternative feeds
Increasing protein
Diet management
Inorganic fertilizer
Leguminous AF
Agroforestry (AF)
−0.5 0.0 0.5Effect size
CS
A
Agroforestry
Leguminous agroforestry
Inorganic fertilizer
Diet management
Increasing protein
Alternative feeds
Next step: Searchable internet-based database
Variability, synergies and tradeoffs
Financial support
1World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya, 2CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS), 3University of Maryland, College Park, USA, 4International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, 5The Ohio State University (Ohio), Columbus, Ohio, 6International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Nairobi, Kenya contact: [email protected]
Left. Effect of select aggregate management measures on yield (ln 0.5 ≅ Δ60% between CSA and control). Figure shows clear benefits of select CSA but variability, within and among practices, in effect size suggests potential for context-specific outcomes. Based on random sample of 130 studies.
Agroforestry (14) Agronomy (36) Livestock & aquaculture (17)
Right. Potential synergies and trade-offs from CSA from co-located research. In this graph, based on comparisons from a randomly selected sample of 55 studies, more than 60% showed trade-offs among adaptive capacity and productivity, versus 32% showing synergies.
Contain data for ≥ 1 CSA objective
Contain data for ≥ 2 CSA objectives
Contain data for All 3 CSA objectives
Only 1% of studies contain data relevant to all three CSA’s three objectives from co-located research.
Research is geographically clustered around highly research locations, leaving potentially significant gaps in knowledge base.
Based on 815 randomly selected studies
Climate-Smart Agriculture Decision Support Platform
Home Where we work Database Analytical Tools
Keywords
Region
Agroecological zone
Country
Sub-Saharan Africa
Tanzania
Sub-humid
Threats
Practice
Farming system Mixed maize
Drought
Intercropping
CSA objective X X X Productivity Mitigation Adaptation
We thank C Champalle, A-S Eyrich, W English, H Strom, A Madalinska, S MacFadridge, A Poultouchidou, A Akinleye, and A Kerr for their technical support.