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CLUB P.A.N.A conservation education project of the Wild
Chimpanzee Foundation in 4 schools in Guinea and in 12 schools in Côte d’Ivoire
Final report of Club P.A.N.’s
fifth school year(October 2011 -
June 2012)
For further details please contact:Hedwige Boesch: [email protected]
Julia Riedel: [email protected]
1 Introduction -
page 22 Club P.A.N. goals –
page 33 Staff –
page 44 Club P.A.N. -
page 84.1 Teacher training –
page 94.2 Club P.A.N. lessons –
page 124.3 Parents days –
page 184.4 Evaluation results –
page 214.5 Micro-projects –
page 245 Conclusion –
page 256 Outlook –
page 267 References –
page 278 Acknowledgements –
page 28
1 Introduction
Wild chimpanzees are only found in tropical Africa, where their populations have declined by more than 66% in the last 30 years, from 600,000 to fewer than 200,000 individuals (Butynski
2001). A survey conducted in Côte d’Ivoire reports, that over the last 18 years, chimpanzee numbers have plummeted by 90% (Campbell et al., 2008).
Throughout their range, chimpanzees are threatened by deforestation, bushmeat hunting, disease, and capture for the pet trade. Although it is officially forbidden to kill, consume or trade wild animals, illegal hunting is widespread. In 1996, 35.5 million wild animals, totaling 120,000
tons and worth 149 million USD, were killed by Ivorian hunters (Caspary
et al., 2001). The western chimpanzee has already disappeared from three african
countries and is on the verge of extirpation in others. Urgent action is needed!To assure the protection of chimpanzees, the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation will continue its important short and long-term programs. Short-term projects, such as increased anti-poaching patrols and other law-enforcement strategies aim to reduce the impact of bush meat hunting on local wildlife populations. The long-term projects like public outreach and awareness raising programs can play a vital role in changing local attitudes towards the intrinsic value of wildlife. Conservation education is a priority long-term action for the conservation of chimpanzees and other wildlife (Kormos
and Boesch, 2003).
The WCF created in 2007 nature clubs called “Club P.A.N.”
(Personnes, Animaux
et Nature / People, Animals, & Nature) for primary schools
in West Africa. Because the Club P.A.N. was very successful in its last years we continued the following project for its fifth year in Côte d’Ivoire and for the second year in Guinea.
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2 Club P.A.N. goals
Club P.A.N. formulated the following conservation goals:Goals #1 #2 #3 #4
Teach children about the local flora and fauna,
so that they appreciate the
biodiversity that exists in their
region.
Teach basic knowledge on environmental issues in order
to promote care and
awareness towards nature conservation.
Discourage the trade in illegal bushmeat by reducing the likelihood
that the current generation of children will consume or trade
bushmeat in the future.
Promote the conservation and research
activities undertaken within the countries.
Activities Five lessons emphasize the flora and fauna of the region’s ecosystems:
(lesson topics: “tropical
rainforests”, “biodiversity”, “chimpanzees”,
“the food chain”
and “the NP”).
During the “environment”
and “the animals and
their habitats”
lessons, students are taught the
fundamental principals of
biology, ecology and
conservation.
The “human-animal conflict”
lesson focuses on the illegal
bushmeat trade. Information is
presented regarding the threats to plants
and animals, discussion rounds and a play about the trade sensitizes the
students and are used to convey the
destructive effect of these practices.
The “protected
areas”
lesson conveys the importance of national parks and
what humans are allowed to do or not
to do in these areas.
All lessons are interactive with games, songs, movies, nature walks and clean up actions. Teachers are intensively trained in biology and environmental sciences. Parents are actively involved in the club as well on "parents‘
day“
when the children from each class present what they have learnt in form of summaries, plays and songs.
Results
(as determined by pre-and
post evaluations)
Increased knowledge regarding the local flora and
fauna.
Increased knowledge regarding
environmental issues.
Students are able to identify the conflicts between humans and
animals. Changed attitudes regarding the consumption and trade of bushmeat.
Knowledge and support of the
conservation and research activities.
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3 Staff
Together they are guiding all 16 principals and 16 teachers. They assist the teachers on-
site with the lessons, conduct the teacher trainings, evaluate the project by quantifying student participation and administering an pre-
and post-evaluation.
The creation of Club P.A.N. was only possible because of a long-term collaboration with the CPE “Cellule des Projets
Environnementaux”. The CPE coordinators Mr. Guilahoux
and Mr. Ouattara
are also the coordinators of Club P.A.N. since its start in 2007.
Mr. Guilahoux Mr. Ouattara
The Ivorian coordinators travelled to Guinea to establish the Club P.A.N. there in 4 schools since 2010.
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3 Staff5
We want to thank the two Club P.A.N. teachers Georges Gnolou from Petit Tiémé
and Adrien
Kouakou
from Taï, they took over some tasks from our two coordinators while they were gone to implement Club P.A.N. in Guinea.
Mr. Gnolou Mr. Kouakou
Georges Gnolou
and Adrien
Kouakou
are trained by Hilaire
Guilahoux
and Dabila
Ouattara
to become our new Club P.A.N. coordinators for Côte d’Ivoire in the next years.
3 Staff6
We want to thank the two Club P.A.N. coordinators in Guinea, they did a great job during their second school year!
Mr. Kaba
Mr. Diallo
3 Staff7
Some pictures from the 16 principals and 16 teachers that belong to our Club P.A.N. staff. During their Club P.A.N. lesson animations, the parents days and the teacher training.
We want to thank all of them!
4 Club P.A.N.
The Wild Chimpanzee Foundation is working in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Côte d‘Ivoire. Club P.A.N. is conducted in Guinea and Côte d‘Ivoire.
Ten conservation education sessions are held in 12 schools around the Taï
National Park in Côte d’Ivoire (left) and in 4 schools in the region of Boké
/ Sangaredi in the western part of Guinea (right).
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4.1 Teacher training
All teachers receive intense trainings two times per school year
to increase the capacity for environmental education and to guarantee that the lesson plan and activities could have the utmost impact during the school year.
The training at the beginning of the school year happend already in November 2011, the other one recently in July 2012 for Côte d‘Ivoire.
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The training in Guinea happend in December 2011 with the presence of the two Ivorien coordinators.
Club P.A.N. has always begun the school year with a training workshop which gathers its educational team (school directors, teachers and members of WCF/CPE), in order to train them and to plan the working schedule for the year. In the 2011/2012 school year the training took place for over 3 days in November 2011 for Côte d’Ivoire and in December 2011 for Guinea. All participants were gathered and were trained and supervised by Mr. Guilahoux
and Mr. Ouattara
from the CPE. The first day was the occasion to start introducing notions such
as biodiversity and conservation to the staffs, especially to the newcomers. The
second day was dedicated to study the 10 topics of the lesson-books. The last day, the Club P.A.N. pedagogic methodology, mixing teaching and games outdoor was explained. In addition, the theoretical training was backed by some practical pedagogic exercises, where the teacher capacities were then commented on by the supervisors.
4.1 Teacher training10
The teachers are incredibly motivated to learn more about biology
and ecology and are keenly interested in the nature documentaries and slide shows that are presented. They also greatly enjoy the games and the experiments.
4.1 Teacher training11
Best pictures from the teacher training in Doubhi / Guinea.
14.-16.12.2011
Number of children participating in Club P.A.N. in Guinea and Côte d’Ivoire during the school year 2011/2012.
Country School Club P.A.N. children Total
Guinea
Bouléré 65
289Doubhi 81
Mobhi 83
Tchiankoun
Tyoli60
Côte d'Ivoire
Taï 73
754
Sakré 84
Ziriglo 36
Paulé-Oula 47
Diéro-Oula 45
Dahobly 74
Petit Tiéme 68
Gabon /Soubré 72
Amaragui 59
Adamagui 71
Sarakagui 73
Koperagui 52
Total 1043
124.2 Club P.A.N. lessons
4.2 Club P.A.N. lessons
Club P.A.N. lessons typically involve fact sheets, activities, role playing, songs and games with animal puppets which are based around a chosen theme. We aim to promote positive club spirit through interactive ways of learning and essentially having fun. Each child that participates receives a Club P.A.N. book and a Club P.A.N. T-Shirt which both means a lot to them.
Some lessons focus on the concepts of sustainable resource use and the need for protected areas; others detail the natural history of various large protected mammals (like chimpanzees & elephants).
Dream journeys
Experiments Games about habitat loss
Outdoor games and activities
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4.2 Club P.A.N. lessons
For the fifth school year (October 2011 –
June 2012), the Club P.A.N. program in Côte d’Ivoire should have been carried out, as usual, in 12 primary schools around Taï
National Park. However, given the difficult post-
electoral crisis, the WCF was not able to carry out all Club P.A.N. activities, due to the insecurity in the area West of Taï
National Park. We were able to finish the whole Club P.A.N. program in 10 of the 12 schools. In 2 schools (Sakré
and Diéro-Oula)
we were able to conduct the first half of the program with the pre-evaluation and the first 5 lessons but because of intensive fighting in the region, we were not able to do the post-evaluation, the last 5 lessons and parents days.
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In all schools in Guinea and all other schools in Côte d’Ivoire all the planned Club P.A.N. activities were carried out: pre-evaluation of the pupils and their parents, ten Club P.A.N. lessons, the final evaluations of the pupils and their parents and finally the parents day.
© UNHCR
154.2 Club P.A.N. lessons
Our best pictures for you from the Club P.A.N. lessons in the 2011/2012 school year!
Receiving their own Club P.A.N. book and T-shirt
is the highlight for many children.
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One Club P.A.N. lesson (about the tropical rainforest) in Amaragui/ Côte d’Ivoire was
visited by the minister of environment and a television team.
Club P.A.N. was as well in the local radios.
4.2 Club P.A.N. lessons
Koré
Grace VictoireSakre
Club P.A.N. is interesting because we learn about
nature and how to protect it.
Sasso
Brou ThéodoreSoubré
Club P.A.N. is very important. I always want to go to Club P.A.N.!
Yoro MaimounaPetit Tiémé
I learn so much about the forest and the animals.
I love Club P.A.N.!
Ya Konan AbrahamPetit Tiémé
Club P.A.N. is the best for all children, because they can learn
how to protect nature.
Koné
LadjiTaï
I think Club P.A.N. is great for us. We can learn so many thinks about animals and the forest.
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Nouminata
FofonaPaule-Oula
I am happy to be among my friends in Club P.A.N. I really enjoy the
lessons, they have taught me many things that I didn’t know.
4.2 Club P.A.N. lessons
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4.3 Parents days
Dancing performance from children
of Adamakro
Theater play of the children from Sarakagui
Girl in Petit Tiémé
Dancing Club P.A.N.
children in Gabon
Boys from Amaragui
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4.3 Parents days
SchoolParents day
dateNumber ofspectators
Petit Tiémé
& Amaragui 13/06/2012 ~ 450Gabon / Soubré 14/06/2012 ~ 400Koupérou, Adamakro
& Sarakagui 15/06/2012 ~ 600Taï
& Dahobly 26/07/2012 ~ 250Ziriglo
& Paulé-Oula 29/07/2012 ~ 200Sakré not possible -Diéro-Oula not possible -Bouléré June 2012 ~ 100Doubhi June 2012 ~ 500Mobhi June 2012 ~ 200Tchiankoun
Tyoli June 2012 ~ 100Total ~ 2800
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4.3 Parents days
Spectators
at
the parents day
in Koupérou
Dancing in Petit Tiémé Taï children in red & Daobly in green
Paulé-Oula
children in red & Ziriglo
in yellow
4.4 Evaluations
Pre-evaluations were done in November 2011 and post-evaluations in July 2012 for all children and some of their parents participating in
Club P.A.N. in Guinea and Côte d’Ivoire.
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In total we had 19 evaluation questions asking for the children's knowledge about nature and nature conservation. Here we present the results of 2 multiple choice questions answered by 365 Club P.A.N. children before the nature clubs started and again after the 10 lessons.
The results show that Club P.A.N. was able to increase the knowledge of the children by an average of 52 % from all questions, not only about the local flora and fauna, but also about biological facts and global environmental issues.
Evaluation question:Which animal is the closest living relative of the human?
Correct answer: chimpanzee
0
20
40
60
80
100
Pre-Evaluation Post-Evaluation Know ledge increase
Co
rrec
t an
swer
s in
%
Evaluation question:Which animal group has the highest number of species within
its group?Correct answer: insects
0
20
40
60
80
100
Pre-Evaluation Post-Evaluation Know ledge increase
Co
rrec
t an
swer
s in
%
4.4 Evaluations22
In total we had 20 evaluation questions asking for the children's attitudes towards nature and nature conservation. Here we present the results of 4 questions answered by ~365 Club P.A.N. children before the nature clubs started and again after the 10 lessons. The red circle represents the conservation positive answer. We used a three-point likert
scale
as proposed by Bogner
and Wiseman (2006).
The children showed positive attitudes towards nature and nature conservation already before they visited Club P.A.N.. This positive attitudes even increased after they participated in the nature clubs.
Evaluation question: We should eat chimpanzees!
0
20
40
60
80
100
“I completely agree” “I do not agree butalso not disagree”
“I completelydisagree”
%
pre-evaluation post-evaluation
Evaluation question: When I am adult I w ill buy bushmeat!
0
20
40
60
80
100
“I completely agree” “I do not agree butalso not disagree”
“I completelydisagree”
%
pre-evaluation post-evaluation
4.4 Evaluations23
Statistical analysis revealed that attending the Club P.A.N. program leads to a significant knowledge gain and to changes of attitudes in primary school children. We conclude that attending Club P.A.N. can foster children's consciousness towards nature and the environment.
Z N Ties Total N P value
Hunting should be legalized in national parks! -7.7 191 165 356 0.000
When I am adult I will buy bush-meat! -4.3 155 194 349 0.000
We should eat chimpanzees! -3.4 98 258 356 0.000
Humans have the right to modify nature! -5.2 166 187 353 0.000
We used a paired sample Wilcoxon
test to analyse the changes of attitudes.
Evaluation question: Humans have the right to modify nature!
0
20
40
60
80
100
“I completely agree” “I do not agree butalso not disagree”
“I completelydisagree”
%
pre-evaluation post-evaluation
Evaluation question: Hunting should be legalized in national parks!
0
20
40
60
80
100
“I completely agree” “I do not agree butalso not disagree”
“I completelydisagree”
%
pre-evaluation post-evaluation
4.5 Micro-projects
So far not all schools received a micro-project but this is one main focus for the future of our work. Only if we can present and teach alternatives to bush meat hunting the children will find a way to live in harmony with nature in the future.
Micro-projects were established in schools to teach children farming techniques of fish, snails and cane-
rats as alternative protein sources compared to bush meat.
Cane-rats in Petit Tiéme, Wonsealy
& Taï
Giant Snails in Sakré & Djouroutou
Fish in Dahobly
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5 Conclusion
Our evaluation results showed that Club P.A.N. was able to increase the knowledge of the children, not only about the local flora and fauna, but also about biological facts and global environmental issues. Furthermore, we were successful in changing attitudes and we were able to create a fun and dynamic learning environment that the children enjoyed.
A detailed analysis of our evaluations by the PhD student Claudia Borchers
is currently submitted to an international peer reviewed journal and will hopefully be published this year.
Club P.A.N. was able to reach the future generation and created an environmetal awareness in primary school children and their families. A total of 1043 children and their families were reached during the 2011/2012 school year in Guinea and Côte d‘Ivoire. Around 2800 spectators visited our famous parents days this year.
Goals #1 #2 #3 #4Teach children about the local flora and fauna,
so that they appreciate the
biodiversity that exists in their
region.
Teach basic knowledge on environmental
issues in order to promote care and
awareness towards nature conservation.
Discourage the trade in illegal bushmeat by
reducing the likelihood that the current
generation of children will consume or trade
bushmeat in the future.
Promote the conservation and research
activities undertaken within the countries.
Results Increased knowledge
regarding the local flora and
fauna.
Increased knowledge regarding
environmental issues.
Students are able to identify the conflicts between humans and
animals. Changed attitudes regarding the consumption and trade
of bushmeat.
Knowledge and support
of the conservation and research
activities.
√ √ √ √
6 Outlook
Time table of all Club P.A.N. activities during the school year 2012/2013
Club P.A.N. Event / Time 10/12 11/12 12/12 01/13 02/13 03/13 04/13 05/13 06/13
Teacher training
Pre-Evaluation
Lesson 1-10
Post-
Evaluation
Parent day
Teacher training
Data Analysis
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Despite the very difficult situation this year in Côte d’Ivoire, the Club P.A.N. has been fully active in 10 schools around the Taï
National Park and in 4 schools in Guinea. Because each school year we have new children joining the nature
clubs and long-term conservation education programs have been shown as efficient to change local attitudes (impact analysis carried out in year 3), the WCF will continue the nature clubs for a sixth school year in Côte d’Ivoire and a third year in Guinea with the potential to increase the number of participating schools and also increase the number of micro-projects connected to the Club P.A.N. schools. At this time, we are currently looking for funding to complete all the needs a full school year requires. We are proud to say that the Club P.A.N. program is expanding, having recently been implemented in Guinea. We also plan to expand this
promising program towards Sapo
National Park, in Liberia, as part of the WCF’s
transboundary
approach to the Taï-Sapo
Forest Complex.
7 References
Bogner, F.X., Wiseman, M., 2006. Adolescents’
attitudes towards nature and environment: Quantifying the 2-MEV model. The Environmentalist 26, 247–254.
Butynski
T.M. 2001. Africa’s Great Apes. In Great Apes and Humans: The Ethics of Coexistence (Becks B., Stoinski
T.S., Hutchins M., Maple T.L., Norton B., Rowan A., Stevens E.F., Arluke
A., editors). Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institutions Press. pp 3-56.
Campbell, G., Kühl, H., N’Goran, K.P. and Boesch, C. 2008. Alarming decline of West African chimpanzees in Côte d’Ivoire. Current Biology 18 (19)
Caspary, H.U., Koné, I., Prouot, C., & de Pauw, M. 2001. La chasse et la filière viande de brousse dans l'espace Taï, Côte d'Ivoire. Tropenbos
Côte d'Ivoire Série 2. Tropenbos
International, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Kormos
R., Boesch
C., Bakarr
M.I., Butynski
T.M., 2003. West African Chimpanzees –
Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland
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8 AcknowledgementsA big thank goes to our funders -
without their funds Club P.A.N. would not exist!: Rufford
Small Grants, Columbus Zoo, WWF, Brevard Zoo, DierenPark
Amersfoort Wildlife Fund, Minnesota Zoo, Leipzig Zoo, Zoo am Meer Bremerhaven, Oregon Zoo, USFW GACF, Cleveland Metroparks
Zoo, Kepler
Gymnasium Leipzig, Keidanren Nature Conservation Fund, Yves Rocher
Foundation, Guinea
Alumina Corporation, Tierschutz
Zürich, Jane Goodall
Institute
and Sweden Chimpanzee Trust.
We thank the Ministère
de l’Environnement
et des Eaux
et Forêts
et the Ministère
de l'Education
Nationale
of Côte d’Ivoire and Guinea for permitting Club P.A.N.. We would like to thank our two long term Club P.A.N. coordinators from the CPE in Côte d’Ivoire Mr. Guilahoux
and Mr. Ouattara
for supervising the Club P.A.N. in Guinea and Côte d’Ivoire. Thanks as well to our new Guinean coordinators: Mr. Kaba
and Mr. Diallo! We also thank all teachers, principals, parents and children that made Club P.A.N. such a successful environmental education program.
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The report was written by Julia Riedel and Claudia Borchers.