Process : Sequence of steps performed for a given purpose A set of inter related activities, which transform inputs into
outputs, to achieve a given purpose
Process Area : A cluster of related practices in an area that, when implemented
collectively, satisfies a set of goals considered important for making improvement in that area
Process and Process Area
Sequence of steps performed for a given purposeA set of inter related activities, which transform inputs into outputs, to achieve a given purpose
Process definition & Benefits
Benefits of Improving the Processes
Processes enables you to understand what is going onBy defining, measuring and controlling the processes, improvements are more successful and sustainedPeople develop their potential fully and effectively
While process is often described as a node of the process-people-technology triad, it can also be considered the “glue” that ties the triad together.
PEOPLE
PROCESSTECHNOLOGY
Process, people, and technology are the major determinants of product cost, schedule, and quality.
Quality Leverage Points
Staged
ML 1
ML 2
ML 3
ML 4
ML 5
…for a specified set of process area across the organization
…for a single process area or set of process areas
Continuous
Pro
cess
Are
a
Capabili
ty
PA PA PA
CL
1 C
L 2
C
L 3
CL
4 C
L 5
Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is a process improvement framework which
• helps organization to build and examine the effectiveness of processes
• helps in benchmarking of process performance and setting the future goals
• increases Predictability of process/product/ project performance
CMMI Framework
PurposeManage the requirements of the project's products and product components and to identify inconsistencies between those requirements and the project's plans and work products
Requirements Management
Understanding Requirements
Commitment to Requirements
Maintain Bi -Directional Traceability
Ensure alignment between Project work & Requirements
Manage Requirement Change
Review to ensure requirements are understood and accepted
PurposeProvide understanding of the project’s progress so that appropriate corrective actions can be taken when the project’s performance deviates significantly from the plan
Project Monitoring and Control
Monitor Project planning parameters
Monitor-Commitments & Risks
Conduct Project /Milestone Reviews
Analyze Issues
Monitor -Data Management & Stakeholder involvement
Manage Corrective Actions
PurposeEstablish and maintain the integrity of work products using configuration identification, configuration control, configuration status accounting and configuration audits
Configuration Management
Identify Configuration
Items
Establish Configuration Management System
Configuration Audits - Check Integrity of Work Products
Providing Configuration status
Create Baselines
Controlling changes
Maintain Configuration Management Records
PurposeDevelop and sustain a measurement capability that is used to support management information needs
Measurement and Analysis
Establish Measurement
ObjectivesDefine Metrics
Store Data & Results
Communicate Results and manage corrective actions
Collect & Analyze Measurement Data
Target Users
Use Results to make business decisions
Define Data Collection, Storage & Analysis
procedure
PurposeProvide objective insight into processes and associated work products to staff and management
Process and Product QA
Perform Process Audits
Objectively evaluate Work Products
Communicate status to Senior Mgmt, Project Team
Maintain Audit/Review Records
Ensure resolution of Non-Compliance issues
Project Team
PurposeManage the acquisition of products from suppliers for which there exists a formal agreement
Supplier Agreement Management
Determine type of acquisition for product / product component
Review & Monitor Performance
Accept & Transition Supplier Product
Establish & Maintain Supplier Agreement
Select Supplier
PurposeProduce and analyze customer, product, and product component requirements
Requirements Development
Gather Customer Needs, Expectations
Document Customer Requirements and obtain Concurrence
Analyze the requirements. Establish Operational Concepts and Scenarios
Establish product and product component requirements
Validate the requirements with Customer
PurposeDesign, develop and implement solutions based on product requirements
Technical Solution
Evaluate alternative Design Approaches/ solutions
Select the best Solution based on DAR techniques
Perform Make, Buy or Reuse Analysis
Develop Designs including Interfaces
Develop product support documentation
Implement Design (Coding)
PurposeAssemble the product from the product components, ensure that the product, as integrated, functions properly (i.e., possesses the required functionality and quality attributes ) and deliver the product
Product Integration
Develop integration strategy and plan
Establish integration environment
Integrate/build product components
Package and deliver the product
Review compatibility of interfaces
Evaluate (integration testing) integrated components/modules
PurposeEnsure that selected work products meet their specified requirements
Verification
Develop Verification strategy /Plan
Prepare for/Conduct Peer Reviews and Testing
Close the Review/Testing defects
Analyze Review / Test results
Identification of corrective action
Re-Review/Testing if necessary
Establish Verification Environment
PurposeDemonstrate that a product or product component fulfills its intended use when placed in its intended environment
Validation
Develop Validation strategy /Plan
Conduct Validation / Testing
Close the Testing defects
Identification of corrective action
Re-Testing if necessary
Establish Validation Environment
Analyze Test results
PurposeEstablish and manage the project and the involvement of the relevant stakeholders according to an integrated and defined process that is tailored from the organization's set of standard processes
Integrated Project Management
Establishing project’s defined process by tailoring the Org. Defined Process
Establish Project Work environment, Integrate Plans and Manage the Project
Enabling relevant stakeholder’s unique expertise to be used and manage dependencies
Resolve Coordination Issues
Contribute Project’s Learning to Organization’s Process Assets
PurposeIdentify potential problems before they occur, so that risk handling activities may be planned and invoked as needed across the life of the product or project to mitigate adverse impacts on achieving objectives
Risk Management
Determine risk sources and categories
Establish Risk Management Strategy Identify risks, and analyze each risk
Monitor risks and implementation of mitigation plans
Early identification and mitigation of risks - increases the probability of success of projects and Organization
Develops mitigation plans for the selected /critical risks
Evaluate, Quantify, Categorize and Prioritize Risks
PurposeEstablish and maintain a usable set of organizational process assetsPlan and implement organizational process improvement based on a through understanding of the current strengths and weaknesses of the organization’s processes and process assets
Organizational Process Focus and Definition
Establish/AppraiseOrganizational Process Needs
Define Organizational Standard Processes (QMS)
Define Guidelines for Tailoring Standard Processes
Identify and implement process improvements toStandard Processes
Implement Organizational Process Assets /Metrics Library
Feedback, Lessons Learnt, Best Practices, Assets
PurposeDevelops the skills and knowledge of people so they can perform their roles effectively and efficiently
Organizational Training
Establish strategic needs of the organization
Deliver Training
Establish training capability
Assess training effectiveness
Establish tactical Training Plan
Improve Training Capability
PurposeAnalyze possible decisions using formal evaluation process that evaluates identified alternatives against established criteria
Decision Analysis & Resolution
Define Guidelines for Decision Analysis
Establish the Evaluation Criteria
Select Evaluation Methods/Techniques
Evaluate alternativesand select suitable
solution
Record
Identify Alternative Solutions
Business Benefits
A Common Integrated Vision of Improvement
Decreased Defect Levels
Increased Productivity
Improved Efficiency Level
Reduced Cycle time
Increased Level of Employee Motivation
Improved schedule and budget predictability
Increased customer satisfaction
Increased return on investment
Decreased cost of quality