Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
1
JKA & KY
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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Engineering Analysis
• Engineering analysis is a systematic process for analyzing
problems that arise in the various fields of engineering.
• As part of the problem solving process, the data collected
has to be processed, analyzed and sometimes displayed
graphically by using many mathematical tools that are
available.
• In many cases, once you have defined and set up the problem
properly, numerical methods are required to solve the
mathematical equations.
Microsoft’s Excel spreadsheet software has many numerical
procedures built directly into its program structure.
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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Spreadsheets’ Capabilities
• Store, process, and sorts data
• Graphically display data (Engineering application)
• Perform statistical analysis
• Fit equations to curves (Engineering application)
• Solve single and system of algebraic equations (Engr. Appl.)
• Solve optimization problems (Engineering application)
• Draw Flow Charts
Data Analysis Tools
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
Ken Youssefi PDM I, SJSU
4
Material Strength
Standard Tensile Test Standard Specimen
σ (stress) = Load / Area
ε (strain) = (change in length) / (original length)
Ductile Steel (low carbon)
Sy – yield strength
Su – fracture strength
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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currently active
cell (A1)
menu bar
formula bar
worksheet tabs
File management
options
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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Entering Data into Cells (Cell Content)
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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Copying Cells
“Fill Down” : select the cell containing the active formula and
the range of cells you need to fill
select “Fill” on the Home menu and choose “Down”
1. Using icons in the ribbon menu a) Click on the Cells to be copied
b) Select “Copy” on the Home toolbar
c) Click on the Cells to paste the copied contents
d) Select “Paste” or “Special Paste” on the Home toolbar
2. Using keyboard - Ctrl C to copy & Ctrl V to paste
3. “Pull Down corner” at Lower Right Corner (recommended for a range of cells)
a) place the cursor on the LRC of the active cell
b) Click and drag over the cell rage
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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Relative Addressing
1. =B3+C3 adds the content of cells B3 and C3.
A B C D E
1
2 internal equation
3 2 3 =B3+C3
4 5 1 =B4+C4
5 10 4 =B5+C5
6 15 5 =B6+C6
7 SUM: 34 15 =SUM(D3:D6)
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A B C D E
1
2 Result
3 2 3 5
4 5 1 6
5 10 4 14
6 15 5 20
7 SUM: 32 13 45
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2. As the formula is copied into D4, D5 and D6,
cell addresses of the formula are incremented.
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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Absolute Addressing
A B C D E
1 k= 0.5
2 Result
3 2 3 5.5
4 5 1 6.5
5 10 4 14.5
6 15 5 20.5
7 SUM: 32 13 47
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• Using the absolute cell address, $B$1, will
keep the cell reference constant for all
calculations.
A B C D E
1 k= 0.5
2 internal equation
3 2 3 =B3+C3+$B$1
4 5 1 =B4+C4+$B$1
5 10 4 =B5+C5+$B$1
6 15 5 =B6+C6+$B$1
7 SUM: 34 15 =SUM(D3:D6)
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Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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Basic Math Operations
Operation Algebraic Excel Format
add a+b a+b
subtract a-b a-b
multiply ab, axb, a.b a*b
divide a/b a/b
exponential an a^n
number
format
5.07x10 +12 5.07E12
5.07*10^12
3.15x10 -3 3.15E-3
3.15*10^(-3)
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
11
Excel Formulas • In Excel, a formula expresses dependency of one cell on
others in the worksheet.
• Formula entry for a Cell begins with clicking on the Cell first
and then either typing the equal sign “=“ in the Cell itself or
clicking on the Formula Bar, and ends with “Enter”.
• A Formula can be edited by first clicking on the Cell and then
editing the formula on the active Cell or on the Formula Bar.
• A Formula may contain functions.
The value of x is in cell A15
Example
Math syntax: 3x2 + e(-0.3x) - 10x
=3*(A15^2) + EXP(-0.3*A15) - 10*A15 Excel syntax:
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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Using Excel Built-in Functions
After clicking on the Cell
• Click on the “Formula Bar” (fx), follow instructions on the “Insert Function” window. Or, in the “Formulas” menu select “Insert Function“
• Follow instructions on the “Function Argument” window, e.g., select the value, or range of values for the function.
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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Frequently Used Excel Functions
Math Excel Syntax Purpose: Returns the: (Assume value of x
is in cell A15.)
π PI() value of π (3.141593…)
ex EXP(A15) Value of ex where e is the base of
Natural Log
√ x SQRT(A15) Value of the square root of x
log10 (x) LOG10(A15) Logarithm of x, with base 10
ln(x) LN(A15) Natural logarithm of x, with base e
SUM(x1,x2,x3) SUM( A15:A17) x1+x2+x3
cos(x) COS(A15) Cosine of x
sin(x) SIN(A15) Sine of x
tan(x) TAN(A15) Tangent of x
Average(x1,x2,x3) AVERAGE(A15:A17) (x1+x2+x3)/3
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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Example: “My Expense Table”
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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“My Expense Table”- Aug. Expense
=SUM(B5:B10)
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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“My Expense Table”- Aug. Expense (cont.)
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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“Eliminating Repetition”
Place cursor in the lower right corner of cell
B11, “click-and-drug” along row 11 for the rest
of the total of the rest of the months
Repeat procedure for the
“Total” of each category
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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“My Expense Table” - Completed
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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Insert menu
Plotting Data
2007 version
2013 version
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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Data menu
2007 version
2013 version
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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View menu
2007 version
2013 version
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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MAX and MIN Functions
• =MAX or MIN(X1, X2, X3…) will take the maximum or
minimum of the numbers in the parentheses.
• =MAX or MIN(X1:X4) will take the maximum or minimum
of all the numbers from X1 to X4.
COUNT Function
• =COUNT(X1, X2, X3…) will count the number of
cells that contain numbers and the arguments in
the list that are numbers.
=COUNT(A1, A2, A3) will return 2, because of the 4 and 9.
=COUNT(A1:A4) will return 3, because of the 4, 9 and 3.
=COUNT(A1:A4, -17, “world”) will return 4, because of the 4, 9, 3 and -17.
Example
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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COUNTIF Function
• =COUNTIF(range, criteria) will count the number of cells
in the range that match the criteria.
Note: if the criteria consists of a relational expression,
such as “>5”, it must be enclosed in double quotes.
=COUNTIF(A1:A4, “>5”) will return 2,
because 6 and 9 are greater than 5.
=COUNTIF(A1:B4, “=6”) will return 3,
because three cells in the range
contain 6.
Example
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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IF Logical Function
• =IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false) returns the
second argument if the test is true, and the third if it is false.
=IF(A1>3, “A1 is larger than 3”, 0) would
return “A1 is larger than 3”.
=IF(A4>3, “A1 is larger than 3”, 0) would
return 0.
Example
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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VLOOKUP or HLOOKUP Function
• =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_number,
not_exact_match) finds the value in the top row of a table
and returns the corresponding column value.
Not_exact_match: Can be either True or False.
True means it will find the closest value to the
lookup value. False means you only want the value
returned if it is an exact match.
Table_array: The table that the function looks through.
Col_index_number: The column number from which
the function should return (search for) the value.
Lookup_value: The value that the function looks
for in the first column.
Vertical search Horizontal search
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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Question: find the price
for item with ID# 12
VLOOKUP Function - Example
=VLOOKUP(12, Q50:S53 ,2, FALSE)
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_number,
not_exact_match)
Q S R
50
51
53
52
Answer = 14.33
Engineering College of
San Jose State University
Engr.10
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HLOOKUP Function - Example
=HLOOKUP (12, A1:E3, 2, False) means that you are looking in the second
row for the value corresponding to the value 12 in top row, and you are
looking for an exact match to 12. This would return $14.33.
=HLOOKUP (10, A1:E3, 2, False) means that you are looking in the second
row for the value corresponding to the value 10, and you are looking for an
exact match to 10. Since there is no 10 in top row, it would return #N/A.
=HLOOKUP (50, A1:E3, 3, True) means that you are looking in the third row
for the value corresponding to the value 50 in top row. Since there is no 50
in the top row, it returns the match corresponding to the largest value in the
top row that is less than the lookup value of 50. In this case, it returns 8.
If range lookup is TRUE, the values in the first row of table array must be placed in ascending order: ...-2, -1, 0, 1,
2,... , A-Z, FALSE, TRUE; otherwise, HLOOKUP may not give the correct value. If range lookup is FALSE, table
array does not need to be sorted.
Row 1 is not
in ascending
order