Compounds found in living things
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Inorganic compounds:Compounds that lack both carbon and hydrogen together.
Examples:Organic Compounds: Compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen.
Examples:
What are the 4 groups of organic compounds?
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids (fats)
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids (DNA)
Each group has a monomer, which is a small building block or subunit
Monomers are put together to build the polymer of the group
• Cells link monomers to form polymers by dehydration synthesis
1 2 3
Unlinked monomer
Removal ofwater molecule
1 2 3 4
Longer polymerFigure 3.3A
Short polymer
• Polymers are broken down to monomers by the reverse process, hydrolysis
Coating of capture strand
1 2 3
Addition ofwater molecule
1 2 3
Figure 3.3B
4
1. Carbohydrates
- Function: energy storage and structure
- Foods with carbohydrates:
Pastas, cereals, potatoes
Free-Stock-Photos.com
Carbohydrates…..
Pasta Cereal
Carbohydrates…..
Bread PastaFree-Stock-Photos.com
Carbohydrates…..
Orange juiceFree-Stock-Photos.com
-Monomer: simple sugar called a monosaccharide
-Ex: glucose, fructose, galactose
Carbohydrates
Draw a glucose molecule here! Your teacher will show you how to draw it!
Carbohydrates…..
molecular structure
Carbohydrates
- Polymer: complex carbohydrate called polysaccharides
Ex: starches in plants (energy) cellulose in plants (structure)
glycogen in animals (energy)
Building a complex carbohydrate…(a polymer)…..
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookTOC.html
2. Lipids- Function:- energy storage
- cell membrane structure - chemical messengers
- Characteristics – contain C,H,O - oils – liquid at room temp.- fats – solid at room temp.
- Foods with lipids:butter, cheese, red meats, chocolate, ice cream
2. Lipids
Lipids……
cheese hamburger Free-Stock-Photos.com
milk
- Monomer: glycerol and 3 fatty acids
- Polymer: fats and oils sterols (cholesterols) phospholipids (part of cell membrane)
Your teacher will have you draw these monomers here.
2. Lipids
Lipids can be - saturated – with single bonds between C’s in fatty acid tails (red meats, dairy)
2. Lipids
unsaturated - with double bonds between C’s in fatty acid tails (fish oils, veg. oil)
Saturated = tails w/NO double bonds
Unsaturated = tails w/ double bonds
3. Proteins – A diverse group!
- Function: Movement (muscles), help chemical reactions (enzymes - catalysts), immunity (antibodies), messengers (hormones), transporters (in blood)
- Foods with proteins:meats, fish, cheese, yogurt
Characteristics: all contain Nitrogen (N)
Proteins….
cheese
hamburger
fish … mmm
yogurt
Classroomclipart.com Free-Stock-Photos.com
3. Proteins – A diverse group! - Monomer: amino acids (20 types)
- Polymer: Polypeptide chain
(protein chain)
Your teacher will have you draw these monomers here.
Building a complex carbohydrate…(a polymer)…..
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookTOC.html
Dipeptide Peptide Bond
The sequence of amino acids in the chain will determine the protein’s shape and function!!!
Many foods contain more than one group of organic compound…
Free-Stock-Photos.com
tacos
cupcakes
4. Nucleic Acids
- Monomer: nucleotides your teacher will have you draw
a nucleotide here.
- Polymer:- Function:
DNA, RNA (polynucleotides)
storage of genetic information
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookTOC.html
- Characteristics – made of C,N,O,H,P.
• Polymers are broken down to monomers by the reverse process, hydrolysis
Coating of capture strand
1 2 3
Addition ofwater molecule
1 2 3
Figure 3.3B
4
Maltose is ONE type of dissaccharide (double sugar)
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookTOC.html
Double Sugars and their Monomers• Maltose (malt sugar) is made of 2
glucoses
• Sucrose (table sugar) is made of 1 glucose and 1 fructose
• Lactose (milk sugar) is made of 1 glucose and 1 galactose
• All if these sugars have the same chemical formula, but their structures are slightly different from each other.
• This means that they are isomers!