Context Aware Messaging and Addressing for Emergency
Applications
Alaa Almagrabi, Seng Loke, Torab Torabi
Department of Computer Science and Computer EngineeringLa Trobe University
Outline
• Research aim and Objectives• Background • Related work • Discussion• Proposal • Spatial modeling for emergency systems• System ontology• Conclusion
Research Aims• We aim to investigate context-aware messaging and
addressing for emergency situations . • Assist-Me is an emergency alert that will be activate to help
avoiding disaster. • Outdoor emergency systems refer to the measures that we put
in place in order to help us effectively deal with disasters within the society
• Investigating context models is required for designing efficient and expressive messaging and addressing services.
Objectives of literature survey • Investigate the concept of context aware messaging and addressing.• Presents an overview some common applications that use context-aware
messaging. • The context aware messaging applications that are used for
emergency purposes. • smart bushfire monitoring and detection system using GSM
technology• A bushfire monitoring and detection system for smart homes
using ZigBee technology • The context-aware messaging applications that used for guides and
reminders. • ComMotion, Cybre-Minder, Elvin…etc
• The context aware messaging applications for social purposes which includes: communication and interaction between people.• Context-Mediated Social Awareness, Live Contacts, Micro-Blog,
InfoRadar…etc
Background• Context awareness is more than twenty years old (Coppola, et.
al., 2005).• Context-awareness is a key aspect of new applications in the
field of ubiquitous computing.• Mobile and ubiquitous computing environments can now
match and even replace traditional desktop computing. • Chen and Kotz 2000, discuss the relation between context-
aware computing and mobile computing model in which applications can determine and take advantage of contextual information.
• Contextual information can be used as an alternative to old fashion addressing techniques such IP addresses for communication purposes (Geiger, et. al., 2009).
• Schilit et. al., (1994) divides context into three categories: i. Computing context.ii. User context.iii. Physical context.• Chen and Kotz (2000) continued that work and introduced
fourth category of context called time.• Dey et. al., 1999 define context as any information that can be
used to distinguish the situation of an entity, where entity can be a person, place, or object that is considered relevant to the interaction between the user and application.
• Schmidt et al., (2002) defines context as “knowledge about the user’s and IT device’s state, including surroundings, situation, and to a less extent, location”.
What is Context?
• The basic aim of context awareness is to provide computers with situational information in order to execute tasks.
• Context awareness aim can be found as the use of any information related to the user’s situation and surrounding in order for the application to progress and execute a task (Dey’s, 2001).
• Haseloff (2005) defines the aim of context awareness as “providing computers with situational or contextual information as a result of which they accordingly adapt the execution of tasks and the way of interacting with users”.
Context Aim
Related work:Applications use Context-Aware Messaging
Figure. A classification of context-aware messaging application
Context-aware messaging in Emergency Applications
Application type Technology Architecture Usage Context model
A smart bushfire Monitoring and detection system (Rong et al. 2010).
emergency application
GSM telephones and GPS receiver.Sensor, microcontroller and power supply
hybrid SMS format sensors for location, temperature and humidity
A bushfire monitoring and detection system for smart homes (Sun et al. 2010).
emergency application
ZigBee modules: GSM modem and GPS receiver.Sensor, microcontroller and power supply
hybrid SMS format sensors for location, temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction
Context Aware Applications for Reminder, Guidance and Notification
Application type Technology Architecture Usage Context model
ComMotion (Marmasse and Schmandt, 2000).
notification and guidance
GPS, Web-Server, CDPD and Data Mapping
centralized present graphical and textual interface to allow messaging
location using sensor and GPS and time
Cybre-Minder (Anind and Gregory 2000).
notification and guidance
Context-Toolkit, CRB, Sensors
centralized text, audio, video and multimedia
contextual information;location using sensor and GPS, time and nearby people …etc
Elvin (Loke and Zaslavsky 2003)
notification and guidance
Mobile agent, Server, ACL communicative
centralized text can be integers, floating point, Strings etc
location using GPS , time and event (message content)
The PIL museum Visitor’s Guide System (Kuflik et al. 2007)
notification and guidance
IR and Wi-Fi centralized messaging, guide book, conversation and presentation
location using IR and Wi-Fi, time and contextual states
Context-Aware Messaging in Social Network Applications with Single-Context
Application type Technology Architecture Usage Context model
Socialight (Melinger et al. 2004)
Social network: Communication and collaboration
uses different social networks, GPS and Bluetooth beacons
client server message can be text, audio, video, and multimedia associated with geographical map
location of friend within the network
Context aware group communication system (Jou and Wang, 2006)
Social network: Communication and Collaboration
the client uses HP iPAQ hx2410 Pocket PCs and the server side is Fedora Core 2 Linux-Wireless network
client server mobile messaging technique to send or view the message
location of mobile user to present basic group communication
Context-Aware Messaging in Social Network Applications with Double-Context
Application type Technology Architecture Usage Context model
Micro-Blog (Gaonkar et al. 2008)
Social network: Communication and collaboration
J2ME and Nokia N95 for client side, the server is built using MySQL, WirelessAnd Google Maps or Microsoft Sensor Map
hybrid sharing, browsing, and querying global information in SMS format and Photos
location and time of the device
InfoRadar (Rantanen et al. 2004)
Social network: Communication and Collaboration
PDA, GPS and radar metaphor
centralized text message: SMS format and multimedia elements
location of mobile phone and time which represent lifespan
Context-Aware Messaging in Social Network Applications with Multi-Context
Application type Technology Architecture Usage Context model
Context mediated social awareness (Bardram and Hansen, 2004)
Social network: Communication and collaboration
PDA for the client and GPRS to communicate with server
hybrid messaging:text, audio, video, multimedia
the messaging time, the user’s location, personal status, and activity
Context aware communication with Live Contacts (Hofte et al. 2004)
Social Network: Communication and collaboration
the clients implemented in C# , the server is Microsoft.NET and uses GPRS to connect with GSM
hybrid Messaging technique (text, voice, video, multimedia)
location, time from the user, instant messaging status, current and near future calendar appointments, and color coded availability
Application type Technology Architecture Usage Context model
Using semantic web technology for ubiquitous location modeling(Stahl and Heckmann, 2004)
Social network: Communication and Collaboration
Mobile, IR- GPS, sensors,Semantic OWL, Yamamoto and URIs
hybrid provide text information, presentation of audio and visual media output
location, User characteristics, any situational context (event, objects) and Map
Framework for mobile context based messaging applications(Antti and Timo, 2007)
Social network: Communication and collaboration
J2ME, XML, JSR-179 Location API and GPS locator device.
centralized Text message: SMS format and Multimedia elements
location, time and Application services
Context-Aware Messaging in Social Network Applications with Multi-Context
• In summary, the number of types of context being used in the application varies with time to time and with application to application.
• In recently year we notice that the use of the number of different types of context in applications increased significantly as compare to the previous years.
• Emergency systems refer to the measures that we put in place in order to help us effectively deal with disasters within the society
• Modern technology such as remote sensing with the use of wireless devices increases the chances of detecting slight changes in the environment.
• The use modern technology in disaster management simplifies decision making saving time and providing help where necessary .
Proposal for Assist-Me System
Spatial relations (Enclosing Space)
• Spatial data models where the use of geographic information system (GIS) in providing information concerning current events is increasingly attracting global interest in a number of fields.
• spatial can be anything that are related to a certain area or space not necessary physically geographic such as the human activities as going to the farm.
• Spatial awareness allows the system to autonomously resolve and use its spatial properties to relate these properties to the spatial properties of other systems
Typical Disaster Scenario
Flooding Scenario
The Spatial Relation between Clients
Figure8. The Server Grouping the Clients
The Spatial Relation between Clients and Danger Zones
Figure $. The Relation between the Clients and the Danger Zones.
100mRed Zone
300mBlue Zone
200mYellow Zone
FIREClient in Red ZoneClient in Yellow ZoneClient in Blue Zone
The Spatial Relation between Clients and Rescuers
Figure . The Relation between Clients and Rescuer
Client
Rescuer
The Spatial Relation between Clients and Main Points of Interest
Figure . The Relation between Clients and Main Points of Interest
System Ontology
has_
locati
onActors
Region
White_zone
Point_of_interest
Danger_zone
Cont
ains
has_
location
has_location
has_
locationhas_location
has_location
Emergency_Situation
Stage
has_stage
involves
1
*
1 1
11 *1
**
11
*
*
* 1
Figure . The System General Ontology
Future work
• Developing the ontology.
• Evaluating the ontology.
• Implementation & performance measurements.
Thank you