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Detector in a BoxAll About Containers
1. Why use containers ?2. What kind of containers ?
3. More details on my faorite ty!e
". #tudies in !ro$ress
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Why use containers?
• We are talkin$ about 2% kilotons and the !rice of eerysin$le item in the detector &ill hae to be examinedclosely for C'#(.• If it’s too expensive we will NOT get the funds to do this experient
• #o) some C'#( *uestions+• !a"#e it’s $heaper to use $oer$ial stru$tures instead of designing and
installing $usto stru$tures a la !INO% &
• !a"#e it’s $heaper to use pre'engineered solutions & I.e. the $oer$ialgu"s have alread" done the engineering and so we don’t have to pa" for it &
• !a"#e it’s $heaper to #uild saller s$ale odules at hoe and then ship theto the dete$tor site &
• !a"#e the $ontainers theselves $an for the dete$tor stru$ture andeliinate the need for an expensive $usto #uilding &
• !o#ilit" &• !a"#e the ph"si$s will tell us to ove the dete$tor &
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(y!es of Container #ystems
• !" pre(udi$e is to fo$us on Interodal %hippingContainers) #ut one *ind of $oent I got after
" tal* at the !a" +or*shop was• have "ou thought a#out ,,,,, t"pes of -$ontainers &
/#ox$ars) tru$* trailers
• %o let’s start with a surve" of soe existings"stes fro the transportation industr"
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Commercial Aircraft #ystem
1s /1nit oad evi$es
• 4asi$ shapes fill $"linders) sothe $orners are lopped off.
• Container range of spe$s5• 3.6 7 89 3) larger if on a pallet
with no surrounding #ox
• 88:0 7 :;00 *g pa"loads
• 0.2 ' 0.:3 g
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(ruck #ystems
"3, of ehicles)
-, of ehicle miles
= 8> of vehi$les) (ust sees li*e ore&
2, of ehicles
• 4asi$ units) then $o#inations• 2.; illion vehi$les in 2000
• ?ederal %i@e and +eight liits• 20)000 l# < single axle• 3A)000 l# < dou#le axles
• ;0)000 l# gross vehi$le wt) #ut
overwt perits B 800)000 l#
• ; ft : wide) ft 2 high
• A; ft 7 63 ft %eitrailer length
• (rucks as containers+• /" 0 1/ m3
• %.3 0 %.2 $mcc
• Cost 13 4 for 1 year old 35
7 (hey don5t stack
Dlso Triples
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6ail #ystems
• 4ox$ars) water tight• 60'foot and :0'foot versions
• -90 ton and -800 ton• e.g. :0’ x 80’; x 89’ high
• 203)000 pound load $apa$it"
• ;3)000 pound ept"
• Other rail$ars• Eondolas /open top)
• ?lat Cars)• Covered Fopper Cars)
• Coil Cars /$overed trough forsteel $oils
• All similar loads
• 4ox$ars as $ontainers• 26: ' 382 3
• 0.3; ' 0.2A g
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D%F 4arges/ighter D#oard %hip
x 8; x 3 high
ou#le Full
•Bar$es
• x 8; x 3.6 high• Fold 3;6 etri$ tons• 8;00 units worldwide) downsi@ing to
900
• Mother 7essels $arr" ;3 #arges• %ta$* A high
• 22 in$h $ra$* due to dou#le hull• on’t fit through Ereat a*es lo$*s
• 8A#9 as containers+• m3
• %.-/ $mcc
• Cost 1%%4 each in uantitiesof 800 /$heap right now&
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:ntermodal Containers• #teel boxes &ith doors)
no wheels) #ra*es) lights)
• 1 million units exist &orld&ide• ;ar$on unit is the ( %.22 $mcc
• Cost as lo& as 1%% each in *uantity@
• (hey stack / hi$h
• There is also an air$raft series 7 %ae height) width) 6 to 20 feet long
7 : 7 33 3
7 6)000 7 20)000 *g
7 0.:: 7 0.3: g
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#ummary of Container ty!esOrdered #" volue
• #o) :ntermodal Containers are the best ans&er9i$h density) C9
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Containers sta$* high full" loadedA posts M ;:)A00 *g
ea$h in I%O standard
4otto $ontainer
$an support ;
%ta$* high in ship holds
%ta$* 6': high on land and
a#ove de$* on ships
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Interodal Containers5%hip #" tru$*) rail) ship) even air$raft
9)600 TK1 %hip
2% ft in a C013%
Double #tack 6ail car
"% ft on a truck chassis
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Where are Containers built?
C9:EA
8egion T:& ;utput in /11+ T:& Capacity
China +-1/1-111 /-131-111 ;ther %sia 60-111 +63-111
:urope +1)-111 //1-111
%mericas /-111 .1-111
all others 3-111 +3-111
T;T%' +-/31-111 /-3)1-111
/ Output in 2000 was 8)30)000
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Where do you find these containers?
• Busiest Countries• China 7 36.A !illion TK1• 1%D 7 29.3
• %o an" end up here due to #alan$e oftrade
• %ingapore 7 89.0
• Japan 7 83.:• Taiwan 7 80.6
• %. Horea 7 ;.6
• Eeran" 7 9.9
• Ital" 7 :.
• 1H 7 :.6• Netherlands 7 :.A
• +orld total 7 226.3
• Iplies ever" $ontainer handled 86ties per "ear
• Busiest orts in year 2%%%• 8 Fong Hong 7 8;.8 ! TK1• 2 %ingapore 7 89.0
• Most actie =# orts• 9 D 7 A.
• ; ong 4ea$h 7 A.:
• 83 N 7 3.0• 2 Oa*land 7 8.;
• 32 Charleston 7 8.:
• 3A %eattle 7 8.6
• 3 Ta$oa 7 8.A
• A0 Pirginia 7 8.3• 60 Fouston 7 8.8
• +est Coast B than Kast < Eulf • Chi$ago does not appear in the top
360 Q
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But they are $ettin$ more
common in Chica$o
Joliet Ferald) Januar" 2003 arti$le
'n Chica$o Area :nterstates you see about
one container truck !er mile in oncomin$ traffic.
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Cost s. Fuantity for 2% ft units
• 4ased on inforation fro several vendors• in fa$t interediaries) not anufa$turers
• 2)%% > 3)%%% ea$h for ONK• This is for a -new unit / eans one trip to 1%
• 1)"% ea$h in uantities of 200• -6': onths to #uild and position in the 1%• %till waiting on $ost inforation to ove fro 1% port to Chi$ago
• 1)"-% ea$h in uantities of 8000 /save another 6>
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Cost s. A$e of 2% ft Dry Grei$ht
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Handyman < needs =ork
%s 4s < minor damage
>ood ( ? 0 yrs old!
Premium ( /*0 yrs old!
2e= (one trip!
Condition
/1*@oot Price ($!
expected life > 20 years
I’ve re$eived several
warnings NOT to sta$* these
Gor one unitin Chica$o
?erila# has 2 of these
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Commercially Aailable ModificationsDdditions to %tandard Containers R the $ost
• More doors• oors at #oth ends add 1%, to the cost of std (
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Commercially Aailable Modifications%u#tra$tions fro standard $ontainers R the $ost
•'!en to!s or Seova#le 9ard to!s add "% ,
•Glat racks /no top or sides add ,
•#horter containers /air$raft series TK1 U sae Gas 8 TK1 so 2.% H the pri$e per TK1
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Commercial 8esson+Kver" deviation fro the #asi$ 8 TK1 $osts soething.
ou don’t get the pri$e advantage of !ass Vrodu$tion
Container Type T:& ;utput in /11+ Aorld @leet
(numBer! (millions!
/1 #t Dry @reight //-111 )/3
)1 #t Dry @reight (0 . high! 3/3-111 3/+
)1 #t Dry @reight (6 . high! 3/-111 /6
)3 #t Dry @reight /0-111 1//
)0 #t Dry @reight 6-311 1/1
3 #t Dry @reight +1-111 1+/
;pen Top +3-111 1+
@latracks )-311 1/+
/1 4nsulated E 8ee#er +1-311 1+.
ots of the) therefore
onl" 90> ore
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=!dated Cost 0 2% 4iloton Detector
• 1sing %td 20 ft r" ?reight odules• 3 Modules x :.8 &ide U 8;.3 • I Modules x 2.6 hi$h U 20.9
• 33 Modules x 2.AA dee! U ;0.6 • This ta*es 92 TK1
• J 1%% each) im!lies 1.2% M)note 3% , chea!er than : re!orted in May
• -?or free "ou also get5 • A self0su!!ortin$ &eather0ti$ht structure
•An additional 1I" metric tons of steel built in 7 Ds steel) the $ost is a#out G0.33 < l#) onl" 8:> B present
ar*et pri$e /the new for of steel -duping&
• And about 1I2 metric tons of !ly&ood
• 4ut5 +hat a#out $a#ling& +hat a#out Tep $ontrol&
In$oing
#ea
view
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%, more ) but look at #ome #!ecial (y!es+
'!en (o!s for eas" loading20' Full Height Open Top Container
Exterior
length width height
19'10 1/2" 8'0" 8'6"
6.06 m 2.44 m 2.59 m
Interior
length width height
19'4 1/4" 7'8 1/2" 7'8 1/8"
5.90 m 2.35 m 2.34 m
Weight Door Opening
MGW TAR !T width height
44800 l# 4850 l# 39950 l# 7'$7 47/64" 7'$5 1/8"
20320 %g 2200 %g 18120 %g 2.330 m 2.263 m
Purpose:
&it(#le )*+ ,en,iti-e (+g*, whih +ei+e t* l*(ding ,h (, ,heet gl(,,tim#e+ (nd m(hine+.
(hey still stack / hi$h @
6 bl 9 d t
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6emoable 9ard to!s
Millimeter/mm
Foot/ft Kilogram/kg
Lbs/Pound
4nternal Length
5886 19' 33/4"
Weight
Max. Gross 30480 67200
Width 2342 7' 81/8"
are 2590 5710
!eigh
t
2375 7 9 1/2" Max. a#$oad 27890 61490
Door Width 2336 7' 8"
;pening CuBic meter"mF CuBic #oot"cu#t
!eight
2280 7' 53/4"
Capacity
32%8 1160
8oo# Width 2208 7' 27/8"
;pening
Length
5590 18' 4"
(hey still stack / hi$h @
'!en to!s and remoable hard to!s &ould also allo& the actie detectors to stick
out the to! sli$htly aboe the :#' standard limit to minimiKe the ertical cracks
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Glatracks
ength Feight +idth Feight
CollapsedKxterior Interior Kxterior Interior Kxterior Interior Feight
8L80W 8L : 6
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#tudies =nder&ay
• 9o& hi$h can they stack?• I%O sa"s ; on 8) #ut
/;:)A00 *g M A posts < 2A)000 *g per #ox U 8A.6 U 1.I M ;
• I%O spe$ -rationale tal*s a#out 8.; g for$es in ships5• -D$$ording to studies ade in 8:A and the a$$eleration easured on #oard
of ships under the worst sea and wind $onditions) a value of 8.; represents anaverage whi$h is perfe$tl" adapted to the a$tual reuireents of I%O for$ontainer testing . %u#seuent studies have shown the $ontinued validit" ofthis value with evolving vessel designs regardless of their $apa$it".
• -D$$eleration values of 8.; g are still $onsidered as valid #" ship#uilders ofnew generation $ontainer vessels with an even higher sta$*ing $apa#ilit".
• Of $ourse we would not #e sta$*ing the at sea Q
• Ji Hiler /?erila# engineer is $al$ulating the post strength froa vendor spe$
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#tudies under&ay) continued
• Can &e remoe !arts for access) cablin$?• The -Open Top $ontainers show that we $an ta*e the top off.• !a"#e $heaper to #u" the standard #ox) then reove the top)
reove soe walls or parts of walls &
• OS) It a" #e that the other walls are integral to the stru$ture &
• Ji Hiler and 4o# +ands /?erila# ?KD group will anal"@e• Ironi$all" engineers are reuired to understand the pre'engineered o#(e$t
sin$e the I%O spe$ifi$ation tal*s onl" to the tests a $ontainer ust pass.
•9o& do they behae if loaded &ith structural obLects like
!ly&ood boxes?• !a"#e then we $an ta*e out soe walls < parts of walls &
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#tudies under&ay) continued• 9o& do containers behae as bricks ?
•That is) if used as a #uilding $onstru$tion odule• e.g. $ould the" #e used to support sheet piling walls as a -$ounterfort &
• ?erila# 4o# +ands’ ?KD group to anal"@e
•What are the costs of buildin$s to house containers can
&e use containers as the buildin$ blocks ?• ?erila# ?a$ilities Kngineering %ervi$es /?K%% anal"@ing
• Eoal is G per linear foot for different *inds of #uildings• On grade) open $ut ex$avation in soil) #ra$ed ex$avation in soil) ex$avation
in different t"pes of ro$*)
• !a"#e the $ost of su$h a -#uilding should di$tate a site &
• Fow do "ou handle the $ontainers /travel lifts) $ranes).. for tall sta$*sor wide ex$avations&
• FPDC
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Gixtures to attach containers to$etherOnl" the $orner
4lo$*s tou$h
when sta$*ed
7ertical Connector
#it
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#ite
:ssues
9elo= >roundLooks like a ship hold
Ground level
%BoGe >round Looks like a container depot
:xcept =e can tie all the containersTogether =ith clamps #or staBility
Fow to sta$*loaded $ontainers
this high a#ove ground& Fow to straddle
a wide tren$h and
lower in $ontainers&
Initial ?K%% opinion5 li*el" #est to reove over#urden to get partiall" in the ground.
9edrock
Eeed caissons to bedrock
belo& the corner blocks? 8ateral forcesheld by
containers
or are &alls
re*uired?
8;
Next slide
F id t i d 6(
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Fuayside antries and 6(s
• 288 new Eantries sold in 2008• Dt a#out G 6 ! ea$h
• T"pi$all" -ediu post'Vanaax• Outrea$h of 60 7 66
• Older -%all Vanaax availa#le• Outrea$h of -onl" 32
• Sea$h 3: high
• 360 in 1% older than 6 "ears• " &ere scra!!ed durin$ 2%%1
•3A0 new STEs sold in 2008
• STE U Su##er T"red Eantries• !ost new are -8 over 6 re!lacin$
older 1 oer " stackin$ units
• 260 of the 3A0 were straddle t"pe
• T"pi$al straddle distan$e is 8; 7 2
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Attach other thin$s to containers6oof trusses) sidin$) electronics racks
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Co#ination with Teperature Control
Ground level
H'ightI4nsulatedSurroundingContainers(15) x 33 ros
!2 x 35 ends "
$ 031 J
attached truss and roo# (cost ?!
%ttachedSiding
9edrock
A0'ft
%till diffi$ult
to get at the $enter
of the three
dete$tor sta$*s
a#out 22
outrea$h fro
the side
Wall cost ?
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Could &e aoid the center stack?
• See#er longer #oxesstill have the sae weightliit) so longer eans lowerdensit"
• Son Sa"’s suggestion is totie two 20'foot units
together and reove thead(a$ent walls
• !a"#e $laps
• !a"#e even weld together
20 foot U 8 TK1
A; foot
63 foot
%trong posts at A0’ positions
A0 foot
6on 6ay Double
Seove short walls)+eld or $lap together
Kle$troni$s
%pa$e & dete$tor dete$tor
• #till looks like a "%0footcontainer) Lust has extra !osts in
the ri$ht !lace• Va"load is now 8.6 M 2A)000 *g• Tare +t is now 2 M 2)2;0 *g• Total is 62)6:0 *g U 88:)000 l#s
• Mi$ht be trans!ortable on:nterstates &ith a !ermit @
enou$h axles on the truckchassis ?
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2 exam!lesno &alls remoed)
note the small $a!@
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6on 6ay double N shieldin$ insulation
Ground level
Shielding E insulation Gia HheaGyI (0#$ %&'cc)Containers
40 x 33 ros! x 2 ends "
$ //31 J
Detector no= takes32 x 33 ros "
$ +.11 J
attached truss and roo#
%ttachedSiding
9edrock
.
a#out 26
.
.
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e#un$her5 Neutrino Test 4ea
D#out 886
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#heet ile Container
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J C J 2003
D suggestion fro Fans Jostlein
Neutrino Test 4ea/#
Dlternateo$ation
-in T+O Neutrino #eas&