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CPTED Report v2
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CPTED REPORT
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CPTED Report Elara - Local Neighbourhood Centre
Prepared for
Stockland Development Pty Ltd
By
ABN 39 585 262 237
A Level 10, 70 Pitt Street, Sydney 2000 P GPO Box 5013, Sydney
NSW 2001
T (02) 9249 4100 F (02) 2949 4111 E [email protected]
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Date of final issue: 21 November 2017
File Path: C:\Users\Pip\Dropbox (GLN Planning)\Public\Projects\Active\10831 Stockland CPTED
Report Commercial\Report\CPTED Report.Docx
Project Manager: Pip Hyde
Client: Stockland Development Pty Ltd
Project Number: 10831
The purpose for which this report may be used and relied upon is limited for that which it was
commissioned. Copyright in the whole and every part of this document belongs to GLN Planning
and may not be used, sold, transferred, copied or reproduced in whole or in part in any manner or
form or in or on any media to any person without the prior written consent of GLN Planning.
Disclaimer
By using the recommendations contained within this CPTED report, any person who does so acknowledges that:
- It is not possible to make all areas absolutely safe for members of the community or their property.
- It is based on the information provided at the time this report is prepared.
- It is anticipated that by using the recommendations contained within this report, criminal activity will be reduced
and the safety of members of the community and their property will be increased. However, it does not guarantee
that all risks have been identified, or that the area evaluated will be free from criminal activity if the
recommendations are followed.
ABN 39 585 262 237
A Level 10, 70 Pitt Street, Sydney 2000 P GPO Box 5013, Sydney NSW 2001
T (02) 9249 4100 F (02) 2949 4111 E [email protected]
Version Issue To Qty Date Prepared by
Draft Hanna Knight (Stockland)
Maud Garnier (Stockland) 1-e 17.11.17
P Hyde (Sanders)
Safer By Design Course 17.9.15
Final DA lodgement 1-e
6-h 21.12.17 P Hyde (Sanders)
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Purpose of Report 1 1.2 Tasks Undertaken 1
2 Background 3
2.1 NSW Police - Summary of key issues 3 2.2 BOSCAR Crime Statistics 3 2.3 Local Crime Prevention Policy 4
3 The Site and Locality 5
4 Proposed Development 6
5 CPTED Principles 9
5.1 Surveillance 9 5.2 Access Control 10 5.3 Territorial Reinforcement 12 5.4 Activity and Space Management 13
6 Conclusion 14
Tables
Table 1 BOSCAR Crime data – Blacktown LGA 3
Table 2 Hours of operation 6
Table 3 Details of individual land use 7
Table 4 Recommendations related to surveillance 9
Table 5 Recommendations related to access control 11
Table 6 Recommendations related to territorial reinforcement 12
Table 7 Recommendations related to activity and space management 13
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Figures
Figure 1 Location of subject site 5
Figure 2 Masterplan 6
Figure 3 Staging Plan 7
Figure 4 Recommended location of bollards 11
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1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose of Report
Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) provides a foundation for problem solving
using the principles of environmental design to lessen the opportunity for crime. This is achieved
through a variety of measures with the aim of CPTED being to:
• Increase the risk to offenders and likelihood of being caught
• Increase the effort required to commit a crime
• Decrease the reward and perceived benefit of crime
• Remove the excuses by removing conditions that encourage/facilitate rationalism of
inappropriate behaviour.
Under Section 79C of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act), a consent
authority is required to take into consideration certain matters when determining a development
application (DA). This includes s79C(b) of the EP&A Act, ‘the likely impacts of that development,
including environmental impacts on both the natural and built environments, and social and
economic impacts in the locality’ and s79C(e) of the EP&A Act, ‘the public interest’.
The elements of CPTED considered within this report relate to:
• Surveillance
• Access Control
• Territorial Reinforcement
• Activity and Space Management
The proposed development is located within the Blacktown City Council Local Government Area
(LGA). This CPTED report has been prepared to review the design of the Elara Local Neighbourhood
Centre and consider how the proposal achieves the principles of CPTED to minimise the opportunity
for crime.
1.2 Tasks Undertaken
The following tasks were undertaken in the preparation of this CPTED report:
• Review of architectural plans prepared by AJ+C
• Review of CPTED information provided by NSW Police as part of the Safer by Design course.
• Review of the site and surrounding area
• Correspondence with NSW Police CPO Officer (Senior Constable Sue Carter) 14.11.17
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• Assessment of the development against the CPTED principles and preparation of report.
• Review of Blacktown City Council Crime Prevention Plan 2014-2017
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2 Background
2.1 NSW Police - Summary of key issues
Senior Constable Sue Carter (Mt Druitt Police) was contacted to clarify what issues NSW Police
typically have relating to crime within commercial centres. A summary of the key matters raised by
NSW Police to consider as part of this development are outlined below:
• Anti-terrorist raid bollards at the pedestrian entry points to shopping centre where a vehicle
could alight and run-down pedestrians, diners or shoppers.
• CCTV around the perimeter of the building, throughout the car park, entry and exit points.
• Lighting around the site for surveillance.
• Pedestrian crossings throughout the carpark in the appropriate areas.
2.2 BOSCAR Crime Statistics
BOSCAR provides information from NSW Police which summarises the statistical information on
crimes to identify trends in crime.
A summary of the BOSCAR data related to Blacktown LGA has been outlined within Table 1 for the
period July 2016 to June 2017. As the area surrounding the site is yet to be developed, the crime
statistics for Marsden Park are not considered to be an accurate reflection of the likely crime trends.
Instead a review of the Blacktown LGA crime data relevant to the proposed land uses has been
outlined in Table 1.
Table 1 BOSCAR Crime data – Blacktown LGA
Blacktown LGA
Type of crime Blacktown LGA Rate
per 100,000 population
NSW average
per 100,000 population
Status
Steal from retail store 342.1 315.8 Above average
Steal from person
(retail/wholesale)
24.8 14.4 Above average
Break and enter
(non-dwelling)
95.8 144.9 Below average
Motor vehicle theft 249 176.1 High
Steal from motor vehicle 766.2 526 Above average
Robbery (retail/wholesale) 9.1 5.3 Above average
It is important that new development does not create or contribute to the incidence of crime, or
transfer an issue from one area to another.
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2.3 Local Crime Prevention Policy
Blacktown Council has adopted the Blacktown City Council Crime Prevention Plan 2014 – 2017. The
aim of this Plan is to prevent or reduce crime throughout Blacktown through a range of community-
based strategies such as awareness raising, advocacy, policy development, service development and
community development.
The plan targets three key areas of the six core police crime categories including:
• Key priority area 1 - domestic violence
The Plan focuses on domestic violence related assault as a key priority area, focussing on alcohol
related domestic violence assault, and malicious damage as a result of domestic violence.
• Key priority area 2 – robbery and steal from person
The Plan aims to reduce malicious damage in the Blacktown LGA.
• Key priority area 3 - steal from motor vehicle
The Plan aims to reduce and prevent theft from motor vehicles and motor vehicle theft.
Robbery and steal from person along with steal from motor vehicle would be relevant crimes related
to the design and operation of the local neighbourhood centre.
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3 The Site and Locality
The address of the subject site is Lot 1101 in DP 1191303, Harvest Street and Lot 1102 in DP 1191303,
Northbourne Drive, Marsden Park (Figure 1). The site is located within the Blacktown City Council
LGA.
The site is irregular in shape and adjoins Elara Boulevard to the north, Northbourne Road to the
west, Parish Street to the east and Harvest Street to the south.
Source: Six maps
Figure 1 Location of subject site
Key features of the locality surrounding the subject site include:
• Medium density housing (townhouses) to the south and east)
• Playing fields, water park and children’s playground to the west
• Seniors living development and other medium density housing to the north
• St Luke’s Catholic School to the south-west
• Generally surrounded by low density housing beyond the immediate adjoining uses
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4 Proposed Development
The development application (DA) seeks approval for the construction of a local neighbourhood
centre within Stockland’s ‘Elara’ Estate at Marsden Park. The proposal is for a Concept DA and Stage
1 which consists of a child care centre, community centre, gym, retail, a medical centre and associated
works.
The masterplan of the site is illustrated at Figure 2.
Source: AJ+C
Figure 2 Masterplan
The masterplan will be developed under separate stages. A copy of the staging plan is illustrated at
Figure 3. This DA seeks approval for Stage 1 only. All works not forming part of Stage 1 will form part
of a separate future DA over the site.
The hours of operation for the different uses over the site are detailed within Table 2.
Table 2 Hours of operation
Land Use Start time Finish time
Child care centre 6am 6:30pm
Medical centre 6am 10pm
Community Centre 6am 10pm
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Land Use Start time Finish time
Retail 6am 10pm
Gym 6am 10pm
Source: AJ+C
Figure 3 Staging Plan
Further details in relation to each of the uses is outlined below.
Table 3 Details of individual land use
Land Use Details
Child care centre 121 children with 20 staff and support staff as required.
Medical centre
Fit-out of medical centre to be undertaken under a separate
application. The medical centre will likely provide a range of
consulting rooms for GPs, specialists and other health services.
Community Centre
To be operated by Council. The community centre is located on the
first floor and will include a multipurpose hall, meeting room, office
and kitchen facilities.
Stage 1
Stage 2
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Land Use Details
Retail
Fit-out of the individual tenancies to be undertaken under a separate
application. The tenancies are anticipated to include a mix of
specialty stores and café/restaurants.
Gym To be located on the first floor adjacent to the community centre.
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5 CPTED Principles
This section of the report assesses the different elements of CPTED which relate to:
• Surveillance
• Access Control
• Territorial Reinforcement
• Activity and Space Management
These elements have been assessed in relation to the development of the site as a local commercial
centre. This report includes recommendations, where necessary, to mitigate the potential for crime
to occur at the site.
5.1 Surveillance
Surveillance can assist in deterring criminal behaviour. This includes the opportunity to see and to
be seen. There are three levels of surveillance which include:
• Natural surveillance
• Technical / Mechanical
• Formal surveillance
Relevant recommendations relating to surveillance at the site are outlined within Table 4.
Table 4 Recommendations related to surveillance
Recommendation Comments
Landscaping
1. Trees planted within the car park should have a
canopy height once matured of at least 1.8m to
provide surveillance opportunities through this
area.
2. No shrub planting over 1m should be used
within the car park or along pathways through
the site.
Landscaping should not screen natural lines of sight.
Tree planting is proposed through the car park
which will not block sight lines provided the canopy
remains above 1.8m with all shrub planting to be a
maximum of 1m high.
Lighting
3. Lighting shall be installed within the car park,
along pedestrian pathways and within the town
plaza in accordance with AS 1158.1.
Lighting is necessary to provide surveillance during
the early morning and night time hours.
As the site will have various land uses operating
either before sunrise and after sunset (i.e. gym users
in the early morning, functions within the
community facility during evenings), the car park
and pedestrian areas should be well lit to provide
surveillance through the site.
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Recommendation Comments
Ideally, lighting within the car park should be located
with pedestrian crossings to illuminate these areas.
The colour and type of lighting should be reviewed
during the CC stage. Lighting should emit a white
light to provide clearer surveillance as illustrated
within the image below.
CCTV
4. CCTV should be installed throughout the site
including within car park areas, bin enclosures,
bike storage areas, pedestrian pathways
between buildings and the town plaza. The
locations of CCTV cameras shall be identified
prior to the release of the CC.
CCTV provides mechanical surveillance and while
does not prevent crime, can deter people from
committing crime if they know there is a chance of
being caught.
Building design
5. For the on-going operation of the Centre,
posters and other advertising material should
not be placed on windows within the Centre
which prevent surveillance and natural sight
lines into and out of buildings.
Building have been designed with a flat entry façade
(no recess) to limit opportunities for people to hide
within.
Retail pod 1 has an internal arcade leading to a lift
and stairs. This arcade is a straight line and visible
from the town plaza area.
Alarms
6. Depending on the future use of tenancies and
the ultimate trading hours, duress alarms could
be considered as part of any future fit-out of
the retail shops and other uses. This would be
determined once more details around the use
are known and would be installed near the main
transaction areas where money is kept.
While this does not prevent crime, it provides an
opportunity to enable security and/or the Police to
respond quickly.
Formal Security
7. Formal security may be required for larger
functions held within the Community Centre.
This should be determined by Council at the
time the Centre is booked and would likely be
dependent upon the number of people and the
time and day of the function.
The requirement for formal security when the
community centre is leased for functions will be in
accordance with Council's policy and confirmed at
the time of booking.
5.2 Access Control
Access control is used to attract, channel, encourage and restrict people and vehicles into,
throughout and out of an area. The environment within an area should provide cues in relation to
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access control which can include: landscaping, barriers and personnel. Table 5 provides
recommendations relating to access control.
Table 5 Recommendations related to access control
Recommendation Comment
Perimeter control
1. Bollards shall be installed at regular intervals
preventing cars from accessing pedestrian
areas. This may include retractable bollards to
allows for deliveries and events as necessary.
The site should provide for bollards to prevent
vehicles mounting the kerb and gaining access to
pedestrian areas within the Centre. A plan showing
the indicative locations of bollards is illustrated
within Figure 4.
The design of the development funnels people
towards the town plaza and surrounding land uses
to activate this area. The site has various entry and
exit points for both pedestrian and motorists to
facilitate evacuation if necessary.
Kerb and gutter along with street trees will assist in
deterring vehicle access around the perimeter
except for at designated entry/exits.
Future consideration will need to be given to the
loading docks to restrict and secure this area when
the supermarket is developed as part of a separate
future application.
Figure 4 Recommended location of bollards
Signage
2. Signage shall be installed at pedestrian access
points and road crossings to emphasise
pedestrian priority.
Signage identifying pedestrian priority within the car
park assists to clarify this to motorists.
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Recommendation Comment
Waste enclosures
3. Waste enclosures shall be securely fenced and
locked when not in use.
Each of the waste enclosures should be securely
fenced to prevent unauthorised access and locked
when not in use to prevent illegal dumping.
Retail POD 1
4 On-going access to the facilities within retail
pod 1 (i.e. toilets, lift, internal arcade), should be
continually monitored by Centre management.
Should incidents of damage repeatedly occur,
access control to this area will need to be
further reviewed. This may include restricting
this internal arcade during nominated hours.
The use of retail pod 1 will need to be reviewed over
time to review what facilitates are accessible and at
what times to limit damage from occurring.
It is anticipated that Centre management would
restrict access to toilets when the adjoining uses are
not operating to secure these areas and minimise
the potential for damage to occur.
5.3 Territorial Reinforcement
The purpose of territorial reinforcement is about identifying ownership of a space.
Criminals are typically deterred by the presence of people who are connected to and protect a space
acting as the ‘guardians’ of the site. The site will be managed by a Centre Management who will act
as 'guardian' of the site. Environmental maintenance is a relevant matter for consideration in
enhancing territorial reinforcement.
In considering territorial reinforcement, it is necessary to minimise any conflict between the design,
definition (use) and designation (whether it is used for the purpose built). Conflict between these
principles can lead to undesirable behaviour and/or crime and have been further outlined within
Error! Reference source not found. below.
Table 6 Recommendations related to territorial reinforcement
Recommendation Comment
Signage
1. Entry and exit points to the car park shall be
signposted and identify the area as private
property.
2. Signage shall be incorporated within the Centre
to advise people not to leave valuables in their
car.
3. Pedestrian crossings shall be clearly marked to
identify these areas to motorist and well
maintained.
Signage to reinforce activities within an area helps
people to understand how areas should be used.
As theft from motor vehicle is high within the
Blacktown LGA, signage should be installed to
remind people not to leave valuables in their car
which could be stolen.
Pedestrian crossings should be clearly marked to
distinguish these areas to motorists. Where possible,
lighting should be located with the pedestrian
crossing and should be regularly maintained by the
Centre management.
Landscaping
4. Trees should be setback from buildings to
prevent them from being used as natural
ladders.
The development has generally been designed to
setback large tree from buildings. There are two
trees at the entrance to the child care centre which
should be reviewed to ensure they do not facilitate
climbing.
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5.4 Activity and Space Management
Space and activity management involves the supervision, control and care of space. Typically, places
that are infrequently used are commonly abused. Therefore, it is important that the space is well
designed and achieves the intended purpose for patrons of the site.
The proposed development will be frequently used by a range of people due to the multiple land
uses at the site. The key time periods when the site may be vandalised or theft and break-ins may
occur is likely to be during the night time period (i.e. after 10pm when the site is not used and before
6am) with theft from cars likely during the day time hours. Key recommendations to assist in
minimising crime are detailed within Table 7.
Table 7 Recommendations related to activity and space management
Recommendation Comment
On-going management
1. Centre management shall undertake regular
walk-throughs of the site to ensure the site is
kept in a clean and tidy manner and to identify
and remove graffiti as soon as possible but
ideally within 24 hours.
2. Waste enclosure areas shall be kept in a neat
and tidy manner.
Regular management and maintenance of the site
shows that there is a site guardian which helps to
deter criminal activity.
It is anticipated, that tenant within the Centre would
be able to report any damage or graffiti to Centre
management who can resolve the issue.
Signage
3. Way-finding / directional signage shall be
installed throughout the centre to direct people
around the site, as necessary.
4. 'Park Smarter' signage (or similar) shall be
placed around the site to help minimise theft
from vehicles.
5. Hours of operation should be clearly identified
at the entry to each building.
Signage helps people to navigate around the site
and to identify and reinforce how certain areas
should be used.
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6 Conclusion
This Report has been prepared to review the design of a local neighbourhood centre within
Stockland's Elara Estate at Harvest Street and Northbourne Road, Marsden Park. The Report
considers how the proposal achieves the principles of CPTED and minimise opportunities for crime.
The design and layout of the sites has been assessed against the requirements of section 79C of the
EP&A Act and the principles of CPTED and has been found to be an acceptable design subject to
recommended conditions of consent. These conditions relate to either minor changes or further
detail being provided either prior to the release of the Construction Certificate or prior to the release
of the Occupation Certificate as outlined within this Report.
A periodic review of the development should be undertaken by the Centre management once
operating. This will be required to ensure it continues to achieve the intent and function originally
envisaged. This should be undertaken regularly and in the event of any issues arising at the site to
ensure the development appropriately responds to the surrounding environment and to the needs
of the users to limit opportunities for crime at the site.