CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION TOWARDS DISASTER: A REVIEW OF PRESENT & FUTURE DIRECTION
Y.F. Wahab, A.F. Roslan, Z. Abd. Hamid, Z. Mohamad & M.K. GhaniConstruction Research Institute of Malaysia
R. Zainal AbidinNilai University, Malaysia
Researcher
SECOND JTC1 WORKSHOP ON TRIGGERING AND PROPAGATION OF RAPID FLOW-LIKE LANDSLIDES
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION TOWARDS DISASTER: A REVIEW OF PRESENT STATUS & FUTURE DIRECTION
Presentat ion Out l ine
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INTRODUCTIONLITERATURE REVIEW & METHODOLOGYFUTURE DIRECTION & WAY FORWARDCONCLUSIONREFERENCES
Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP) 2016-2020
CITP under Environmental Sustainability
Thrust is in line with the fourth strategic thrust
of RMK11: ‘Pursuing green growth for
sustainability and resilience’
• ~ RM 2.9 Bn damage from recent floods
in the East Cost of Malaysia
• RM 800 Mn for repair and reconstruction
of schools, hospitals, roads and bridges.
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION TOWARDS DISASTER: A REVIEW OF PRESENT STATUS & FUTURE DIRECTION 2 3 4 51
In t roduct ion
Landslide Damage in Malaysia
Landslide at Lengkuk Lembah Permai, Pulau Pinang, 22 October 2017
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION TOWARDS DISASTER: A REVIEW OF PRESENT STATUS & FUTURE DIRECTION
Landslide Damage in Malaysia
Landslide at Jalan Sungai Koyan –
Cameron Highlands, 3 February 2018
Landslide at Taman Hillview , 20
November 2002
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION TOWARDS DISASTER: A REVIEW OF PRESENT STATUS & FUTURE DIRECTION
LANDSLIDE VULNERABILITY
Landslide vulnerability
Physical structure
People inside the building
Socio-economic
Environment
Cultural heritage
Damages on structureRecords on damages valuef (Landslide intensity, Str. Susceptibility)
Landslide event vs injury or fatalitiesf(Landslide intensity, Str. Susceptibility, People Susceptibility)
Wide aspect of group or community affected by landslide catastrophesf(Landslide intensity, Susceptibility of community activities)
Impact of landslide on the environment aspectsf(Landslide intensity, Susceptibility of environment e.g. air, water, forest and etc.)
Impact of landslide on the cultural & heritage aspectsf(Landslide intensity, Susceptibility cultural heritage e.g. building, monument, historical site and etc.)
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION TOWARDS DISASTER: A REVIEW OF PRESENT STATUS & FUTURE DIRECTION
Flood Damage Assessment in 2014
The total repair damaged to property and
infrastructure in all the affected states
Source: http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/662008/damage-due-to-malaysia-flood-close-to-284m#ixzz4mO1xu8AX
close to 1 billion ringgit.
Source:
http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/flood-
damage-estimate-tops-rm1b
• 350 million ringgit to repair damaged schools in
five states
• 200 million ringgit in property damage
• 100 million ringgit to repair roads in Kelantan
• 132 million ringgit to repair roads in Terengganu
• 96 million ringgit to repair 93 collapsed hillslopesalong the damaged roads in four states
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION TOWARDS DISASTER: A REVIEW OF PRESENT STATUS & FUTURE DIRECTION
Critical Infrastructure (CI)
United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) define CI as:
“the primary physical structures, technical facilities and systems which are
socially, economically or operationally essential to the functioning of
a society or community, both in routine circumstances and in the extreme
circumstances of an emergency”
Physical Socio-Economic
Electricity and water supply, waste (water)
management, transport or information and
telecommunication technologies
Hospitals, schools and public
administration
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION TOWARDS DISASTER: A REVIEW OF PRESENT STATUS & FUTURE DIRECTION
Li terature Rev iew and Methodo logy
1 3 4 52
NO COUNTRY SECTORS DEFINITIONS1 Australia i) Communications
ii) Energy
iii) Finance
iv) Food supply
v) Government services
vi. Health
vii. Manufacturing
viii. National icons
ix. Transport
“Infrastructure which, if destroyed, degraded orrendered unavailable for an extended period,would significantly impact on social or economicwell-being or affect national security or defense.”
2 United States i) Agriculture and food
ii) Banking and finance
iii) Chemical and hazardous materials
iv) Defense industrial base
v) Emergency services
vi) Energy
“Systems and assets, whether physical or virtual,so vital to the United States that the incapacity ordestruction of such systems and assets wouldhave a debilitating impact on security, nationaleconomic security, national public health orsafety, or any combination of those matters.”
3 New Zealand i) Emergency services
ii) Energy
iii) Banking and finance
iv) Government services
v) Telecommunications and the internet
vi) Transport
“Critical services are those whose interruption would have a serious adverse effect on New Zealand as a whole or on a large proportion of the population, and which would require immediate reinstatement.”
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION TOWARDS DISASTER: A REVIEW OF PRESENT STATUS & FUTURE DIRECTION 1 3 4 52
Li terature Rev iew and Methodo logy
Source: (Narain et al., 2014), (Yunos, 2016)
NO COUNTRY SECTORS DEFINITIONS4 Canada i) Communications and
information technology
ii) Energy
iii) Finance
iv) Food
v) Government services
vi. Health care
vii. Manufacturing
viii. Safety
ix. Transportation
x. Water
“Physical and information technology facilities,networks and assets, which if disrupted ordestroyed would have a serious impact on thehealth, safety, security or economic well-being ofCanadians”
5 Malaysia i) Defense and security
ii) Transportation
iii) Banking and finance
iv) Health services
v) Emergency services
vi) Energy
vii. Information and
communications
viii. Government
ix. Food and agriculture
x. Water
“Assets (real or virtual), systems and functionsthat are vital to the nation that their incapacity ordestruction would have a devastating impact tothe nation”
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION TOWARDS DISASTER: A REVIEW OF PRESENT STATUS & FUTURE DIRECTION 1 3 4 52
Li terature Rev iew and Methodo logy
Source: (Narain et al., 2014), (Yunos, 2016)
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION TOWARDS DISASTER: A REVIEW OF PRESENT STATUS & FUTURE DIRECTION 1 3 4 52
Li terature Rev iew and Methodo logy
Figure 1 (b): Agencies involved in disaster
management
(Source: Seman, 2015)
Figure 1 (a): Malaysia disaster governance
framework
(Source: Seman, 2015)
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION TOWARDS DISASTER: A REVIEW OF PRESENT STATUS & FUTURE DIRECTION 1 2 4 53
Future D i rect ion & Way Forward
• Decisions during construction phases can have significant impact on theresiliency of critical infrastructures over their entire life cycle.
• Preparing for and addressing disaster events required increased levels ofengineering solutions.
• The combination of all will make critical infrastructure becoming more resilienceand help to reduce the loss of life and economy during natural disaster.
• Academicians play an important role in conducting rigorous research in-line withthe nation interest that can benefit the construction sectors to adapt with theclimate change.
• Research on determining the critical infrastructure as a podium where data fromgovernment agencies gathered, validated, processed, evaluated, analysed andpublished to achieve international recognition.
• Information and data sharing among the agencies.
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION TOWARDS DISASTER: A REVIEW OF PRESENT STATUS & FUTURE DIRECTION 1 2 3 54
Conc lus ion
• Desire to protect critical infrastructure towards disasters is a big task andcomplicated matter in any entity to accomplish alone.
• A smart partnership and a very systematic system needed to make the criticalinfrastructure become more resilience.
• Preparations and protection to face the disaster will save a lot of money in thelong run and securing the safety and resilience of critical infrastructure requiresjoint-collaboration between government and private sectors.
• A major improvement not only from government, but a multi sector approachesare vital to make our critical infrastructure resilience towards the naturaldisaster.
• Professionals involving local authorities, government and private agencies as wellas NGO’s from diverse discipline should contribute on the technical-know-how tomanage the hazard and risk.
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION TOWARDS DISASTER: A REVIEW OF PRESENT STATUS & FUTURE DIRECTION 1 2 3 4 5
References
1. CIDB, C. I. D. B. (2015). Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP). Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia.
2. Claudia, B., Anil, K., Sreeja, S., Nair, J. B. (2013). Critical Infrastructures and Disaster Risk Reduction.3. Dunn, M., & Wigert, I. (2004). CIIP Handbook 2004.4. Economic Planning Unit. (2015). Strengthening Infrastructure to Support Economic Expansion.
Rancangan Malaysia Kesebelas (Eleventh Malaysia Plan) : 2016-2020. Retrieved from http://rmk11.epu.gov.my/book/eng/Elevent-Malaysia-Plan/RMKe-11 Book.pdf
5. Juni, M. H. (2016). Governance of Flood Disaster Management :, 3(1), 17–30.6. Narain, A., Gupta, M. P., & Ojha, A. (2014). Identifying critical infrastructure sectors and their
dependencies : An Indian scenario. International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 7(2), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2014.04.003
7. Seman, Z. A. A. (2015). Malaysia National Disaster Management Agency.8. UNISDR. (2015). Proposed Updated Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction: A Technical Review,
(August), 1–31.9. Wiseman, E., & Mclaughlin, T. (2013). Critical Infrastructure Protection and Resilience Literature
Survey : State of the Art.10. Yunos, Z. (2016). Cyber Security Strategy in Securing Critical Infrastructure.11. Zimmerman, R. (2009). Understanding the Implications of Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies for
Water of Critical Infrastructure.
CREAM ACTIVITIESMonthly workshop and technical visit (Technical Working Group for Flood and Landslide)
THANK YOU