Current programs in Africa update
Scientific Challenge:Aerosol – Cloud
Interactions: Implications for precipitation and weather modification
R. T Bruintjes
Africa meetingJuly 2006
Africa Programs
Burkina Faso infrastructure
Radar installation on top of control tower and King Air B-200 and hangar facilities at the airport in Ouagadougou
Weather radar and project locations
Radar locations
Burkina Faso and Mali radar locations.
Local weather services and universities
Radar, Aerosol and microphysical studies
TITAN installation on new EEC radar
Cloud droplet spectra near cloud base and b) approximately 1500m above cloud base
Reflectivity (dBz) from Ouagadougou radar at 0008 UTC, 2 July 2005 and Water vapor image from Meteosat Second Generation satellite (MSG)
Radar first echo heights
Southern AfricaSAFARI2000
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0 0.5 1 1.5
Supersaturation (%)C
CN
con
cent
ratio
n (c
m-3
)
230 m asl (1)700 m asl (2)1 730 m asl (3)2 630 m asl (4)3 550 m asl (5)Power (230 m asl (1))Power (700 m asl (2))Power (3 550 m asl (5))Power (1 730 m asl (3))Power (2 630 m asl (4))
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Partially reactedNaCl
KSO4
Ammonium Sulfate
CCN SUPERSATURATION SPECTRA AND ASSOCIATEDPARTICLE TYPES FROM TEM/SEM IMAGES
IN SOUTHERN AFRICAAged Biomass smoke
Regional HazeMarine/Haze
KCL
Fresh smoke
CCN spectra at different altitudes in different layers
of aerosols
University of Witwatersrand and South African Weather Service
ADDRESSING SPECIFIC NEEDS
Accurate, well-calibrated continuous three-dimensional multi-variable data collection
End-to-end quality products (hardware, software and user customized products)
Easy to maintain, calibrate. Quality control methods and procedures that address the needs and limitations of the global market (e.g. Cell phone Technology and PC-based systems)
Robust and reliable archiving system for global applications
Summary
Problem• Water resource management• Inadvertent weather modification effects
Opportunities and research• New observing technologies and methods• Better models and computingChallenges• Infrastructure building• Low-tech approach• Education
Anthropogenic sources of aerosols are impacting cloud and precipitation development around the world.