What is Cyber crime ?
Cyber crime is a crime committed over the Internet.
It could be against the government, property and against any person in various forms.
The law enforcement agencies are facing difficulties in dealing with cyber crime.
In India, Information Technology Act, 2000 is the
legislation that deals with issue related to cyber crime.
HISTORY
The first recorded cyber crime took place in the year 1820 in FRANCE
Joseph-Marie Jacquard, a textile manufacturer in France, produced the loom
This device allowed the repetition of a series of steps in the weaving of special fabrics.
This resulted in a fear amongst employees that their tradiotional employment was being threatened
They committed acts of sabotage(Destruction of property or obstruction of normal operations, as by civilians or enemy agents in time of war.) to discourge further use of the new technology
Introduction
Advancements in modern technology have helped countries develop and expand their communication networks, enabling faster and easier networking and information exchange.
Currently, there are nearly 2 billion internet users and over 5 billion mobile phone connections worldwide.
Every day, 294 billion emails and 5 billion phone messages are exchanged.
As businesses and societies in general increasingly rely on computers and internet-based networking, cyber crime and digital attack incidents have increased around the world.
These attacks — generally classified as any crime that involves the use of a computer network — include financial scams, computer hacking, downloading pornographic images from the internet, virus attacks, e-mail stalking and creating websites that promote racial hatred.
The first major instance of cyber crime was
reported in 2000, when a mass-mailed
computer virus affected nearly 45 million
computer users worldwide
In 2011, at least 2.3 billion people, the
equivalent of more than one third of the
world’s total population, had access to the
internet
Over 60 per cent of all internet users are in
developing countries, with 45 per cent of all
internet users below the age of 25 years.
In the hyperconnected world of tomorrow, it
will become hard to imagine a ‘computer
crime’, and perhaps any crime, that does not
involve electronic evidence linked with
internet protocol (IP) connectivity.
In 2009, the cost of information lost to cyber
crime nearly doubled, from US$265 million in
2008 to US$560 million
CYBER CRIMINALS
Kids (age group 9-16 )
Organized hacktivists
Disgruntled employees
Professional hackers (corporate
espionage)
TYPES OF CYBER CRIME
Financial crimes- cheating, credit card
frauds , money laundering forgery etc .
Sale of illegal articles:
Online gambling
Intellectual Property crimes
Theft of information contained in
electronic form
E-mail bombing
E-mail spoofing
The sender address and other parts of the
e-mail header are altered
Form , Return-Path and Reply to fields
Although the e-mail appears to come from
the address indicated in the Form field it
actually comes from another source
Prevention
i. Antivirus
ii. Use cryptographic signatures
Salami Attack
A series of minor attacks that togrtherresults in a larger attack
Used for financial crimes in which criminals steal money or resources a bit at a time from a system
Preventation
i. Find indications of an attack
ii. Random audits
iii. Don’t ignor what appears to be errors in computer-based financial systems
Data Diddling
o Changing of data before or during entry into the computer system
o Forging or counterfeiting documents used for data entry
o Exchanging valid disks and tapes with modified replacements
o Prevention
i. Regular audits
ii. Supervising employees
Cyber crime – a growing
challenge for governments o In a digital age, where online communication
has become the norm, internet users and governments face increased risks of becoming the targets of cyber attacks. As cyber criminals continue to develop and advance their techniques, they are also shifting their targets — focusing less on theft of financial information and more on business espionage and accessing government information. To fight fast-spreading cyber crime, governments must collaborate globally to develop an effective model that will control the threat.
Cost of cyber crime in india
29.9 million people felt victim to cyber crime
$4 billion in direct financial losses,
$3.6 billion in time spent resolving the crime,
4 in 5 online adults (80%) have been a victim of cybercrime
17% of adults online have experienced cybercrime on their mobile phones.
LAW ENFORCEMENTSection 66: Hacking
Destruction, deletion, alteration, diminishing value or utility or injuriously affecting informaion residing in a computer resource
Punishment
Imprisonment up to three years, and fine up to 2 lac
Section 70: Protected System
Securing unauthorised access or attempting to secure unauthorised access to protected system
Punishment
Imprisonment up to 10 years and fine
Sec 67: Pronography
Publishing or transmitting or causing to be published in the electronic form
Obscene material
Punishment
On first conviction
Imprisonment of either description up to five years and fine up to 1 lac rupees
On subesquent conviction
Imprisonment of either description up to 10 years and fine up to 2 lac rupees
Sending threatening messages by e-mail Sec 503 IPC
Sending offensive messages by e-mail Sec 499, 500 IPC
Forgery of electronic records Sec 463, 470, 471 IPC
Bogus websites,cyber frauds Sec 420 IPC
Email spoofing Sec 416, 417, 463 IPC
Online sale of drugs NDPS Act
Web-Jacking Sec 383 IPC
Online sale of arms Arms Act
Dispute Resolution in Cyberspace
Indian Laws
i. Information Technology Act, 2000
ii. Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008
iii. Cyber crime investigation cell
iv. Communications convergence Bill, 2001
v. Cyber security forum-Joint collaboration between
India and U.S.
i. E-Governance and E-Policy
ii. Punishments
International initiativesi. Arbitration and Mediation- Conventions
ii. World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO)
iii. Council of Europe Convention on cyber crime
iv. Cyber Tribunals
Prevention
Never disclose your personal
information publicly on websites. This is
as good as disclosing your identity to
strangers in public place
Always avoid sending any photograph
online particularly to strangers and chat
friends as there have been incidents of
misuse of the photographs
Never enter your credit card number to any site that is not secured, to prevent its misuse
Always keep a watch on the sites that your children are accessing to prevent any kind of harassment or depravation in children
Always use latest and updated Antivirus software to guard against virus attacks
To prevent loss of data due to virus attacks, always keep back up of your data.
It is advisable to use a security program that gives control over the cookies and send information back to the site, as leaving the cookies unguarded might prove fatal
Use of firewalls proves beneficial
Website owners should watch traffic and
check any irregularity on the site. Putting
host-based intrusion detection devices on
servers will serve the purpose
Solution
An important question arises that how can these crimes be prevented
A number of techniques & solution have been presented but the problem still exists & are increasing day by day
Antivirus & Anti Spyware Software:
Antivirus software consists of computer programs that attempt to identify, thwart & eliminate computer viruses & other malicious software. Anti spy wares are used to restrict backdoor program, trojans & other spy wares to be installed on the computer
Firewalls:
A firewall protect a computer network form
unauthorized access. Network firewalls may
be hardware devices, software programs, or
a combination of the two. A network firewall
typically guards an internal computer
network against malicious access from
outside the network
Cyber security must be pursued with the
same intensity as efforts to eradicate global
poverty or tackle climate change
CONCLUSION….
Indian laws are well drafted & are capable of handling all kinds of challenges as posed by cyber criminals. However, the enforcement agencies are required to be well versed with the changing technologies & laws
As internet technology advances so does the threat of cyber crime. In times like these we must protect ourselves from cyber crime. Anti-virus software, firewalls & security patches are just the beginning. Never open suspicious e-mails & only navigate to trusted sites.