Satellite Remote Sensing and Geospatial
data in Integrated Watershed Management
Programme (IWMP)
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“A Geo-hydrological unitfor an area that drains at acommon point.”
Watershed Development:
Source of definition: Watershed Processes, Assessment & Management – Paul A. DeBarry, John Wiley Publications (1.0 Introduction: Comprehensive Watershed Assessment & Management)
Natural Resources
Management
Water Conservation &
Land Improvement
Ecological Security Water Security, Agriculture
Productivity, Livelihoods
Sustainable Development
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Integrated Watershed Management
People
Water
Land
Forest
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Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP)
• Since 1995, MoRD was implementing three programmes,
namely, Desert Development Programme (DDP), Drought
Prone Areas Programme (DPAP) and Integrated
Wastelands Development Programme (IWDP).
• On 26.02.2009, the Cabinet approved the integration of
the existing three schemes into a single modified
programme, namely, IWMP.
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Salient Features of IWMP
Dedicated Institutions with multi-disciplinary experts at:
– State level - State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA)
– District level - Watershed Cell cum Data Centre (WCDC)
– Project level - Project Implementing Agency (PIA)
– Village level - Watershed Committee (WC)
• Cluster Approach: Size of project about 5,000 ha.
• Cost Norms: Rs.12,000/ha. in plains; Rs.15,000/ ha in difficult/hilly areas
and upto Rs.15,000/ha in IAP districts
• Funding pattern: 90:10 between Centre & States.
• Release of funds: 2 installments (60%, 40%) as per annual requirement
• Project period: 4 -7 years, 3 Phases (Preparatory, Works & Consolidation)
• Scientific planning: IT, remote sensing techniques, GIS for planning,
monitoring and evaluation
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Salient Features of IWMP Contd…
•Implementation through Watershed Community
•Participatory Approach
•Emphasis on “our” participation in “their” plans
•Contributory approach to empower the community
•Transparency in transactions
•Direct funding to the community
•Demand Driven Watershed Dev. Plan
•Linkages with Research Institutions
•Flexibility in technology
•Arrangements for post project maintenance
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Component-wise earmarking of project cost
Component % of project cost
DPR preparation 1
Entry point activities 4
Institution & Capacity building 5
Watershed Development Works 56
Livelihoods for asset-less persons 9
Production system & micro-enterprises 10
Consolidation 3
Monitoring 1
Evaluation 1
Administration 10
Total 100
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Activities under Watershed Projects• Capacity building and awareness generation
• Encouraging people’s participation
• Democratic decentralization in decision making
• Formation of autonomous institution at the village level
• Participatory agricultural water management
(soil & moisture conservation, rain water harvesting,integrated water management of surface & ground waterresources, onfarm water management to enhance water useefficiency, conservation farming etc)
• Afforestation, horticulture and pasture development
• Livelihood activities including production systems & micro-
enterprises
• Convergence of activities / schemes
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Allocation of targets among States and
prioritization of watersheds by States
• Department allocates annual targets among States based
on criteria - DPAP/DDP areas, treatable wastelands,
SC/ST population, rainfed area and 10% mandatory
allocation for NE States.
• States prioritize watershed projects based on criteria like
poverty index, area under rainfed agriculture, moisture
index, productivity potential of the land, % of small &
marginal farmers, ground water status, drinking water etc.
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Sl Project Year Area % to TGA
1 National Wastelands Monitoring Project
2005-06 47.22 m. ha (14.91%)
2 National Wastelands Change Analysis
2008-09 46.70 m. ha (14.75%)
National Wastelands Change Analysis
Objectives:
• To generate spatial information on different classes of wastelands
of 2008 - 09 at district, state and national levels, by updating the
wasteland vector layer of 2005 - 06.
• To Identify and depict areas with major wasteland changes between
2005 - 06 and 2008 - 09.
• Preparation of category-wise spatial change statistics at national,
state and district levels and summation in the form of an atlas.
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The Union Development Minister Rural Development Mr. Jairam
Ramesh, released “Wastelands Atlas of India 2011 (change analysis
based on temporal satellite data of 2005-06 and 2008-09),”
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Visualization of All India Wasteland Maps
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Visualization of All India Waste land Maps
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WASTELAND CHANGES
Ahmedabad District, Gujarat
Scrub land to Industrial
Oct 2006
Oct 2009
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WASTELAND CHANGES
Jan 2006
Feb 2009
Adilabad District, Andhra Pradesh
Scrub land to Waterbody/ Industrial
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Physical Target & Achievement - 11th & 12th Plan
11th PlanArea taken up for development (m.ha.)
Target Achievement
2009-10 5.41 6.31
2010-11 8.50 8.82
2011-12 8.74 9.08
Total 22.65 24.21
12th Plan
2012-13 5.00 5.00
2013-14 5.00 3.5
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Financial Outlay & Release – 11th Plan & 12th Plan (Rs.in Crore)
11th Plan Budget (RE) Released
2007-08 1114.54 1164.54
2008-09 1545.00 1544.40
2009-10 1819.80 1762.65
2010-11 2458.00 2456.73
2011-12 2314.20 2312.09
Total 9194.54 9240.41
12th Plan
2012-13 2903.50 2893.43
2013-14 5387 .00 1775.21
Total allocation for 12th Plan is Rs.29,296 crore. Physical target is 25 million ha.
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Implementation
• Funds are released directly to SLNA
• Projects implemented by WCDC through PIAs
• PIA can be a Panchayati Raj Institution or Line Department orreputed NGO or Corporate Entity
• PIA maintains a technical team of 4 experts calledWDT(Agriculture/Agril.Engineering/AnimalHusbandry/So-cialmobilization/Livelihoods/Forestry)
• At village level, projects are planned and executed by theWatershed Committee (WC)
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1.Preparatory PhaseEPA: to build rapo with local people. Works based on urgentneeds of the local community such as revival of naturalresources, availability of drinking water, augmenting groundwater, productivity enhancement of existing farming systemsetc.
Community Organization: formation of WCs, UGs & SHGs
Capacity building: 5% - appropriate training programmefor all stakeholders on planning, implementation, livelihoods,micro-enterprises through NGOs, GOs & reputed institutions.
DPR: includes activities like collecting baseline data, PRAexercise, net planning, year wise phasing out of activities,convergence possibilities and finally preparation of DPR,approval by Gram Sabha, WCDC & SLNA.
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Capacity Building
DoLR level:
• Reputed institutes are involved - ICRISAT, MANAGE,
NRSC/RRSC, NIRD, SIRDs, CRIDA,CAZRI etc.
• Training/Workshops on specialized subjects like
promoting use of high-science tools.
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Micro Level Planning (MLP)/DPR
• Process of assessing, prioritizing, documenting,
the needs and aspirations of local communities,
pertaining to both natural as well as non land
based livelihood aspects.
• Important step in preparing community level
action plan for WDP
• MLP helps in mutual learning, involve target
group in planning, brings ownership of planned
activities, transparence, addressing gender and
equity issues.
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SPATIAL DATA REQUIREMENT OF IWMP
THEMATIC INFORMATION
Drainage and Watershed maps
Land use & land cover
Wastelands
Land degradation
Ground water potential / Drinking Water status
Soil information
Village boundaries
Cadastral maps
Digital Elevation Models
SATELLITE DATA
IRS- LISS-IV, CARTOSAT
Satellite Ortho image database at 1:10,000 scale
Bhiwani Dist, Haryana State
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WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
DRAINAGE MAP IRS –LISS-IV SATELLITE IMAGE GROUND WATER PROSPECTS MAPSLOPE MAP
ACTION PLAN MAPLAND USE / LAND COVER MAPSOIL MAP
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Participatory Net Planning (Use of GPS & GIS Maps)nrs
c/ISRO
AP STATE
MEDAK DISTRICT
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CART-1 PAN SHARPENED LISS IV IRS DATA AT IWMP PROJECT LEVEL
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District
Mandal
Village
GIS BASE DATA
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Cadastral map Integrated with
Terrain features
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SATELLITE DATA OVERLAID WITH CADASTRAL MAP
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IWMP proposed action plan at village level
Desilting of
Checkdam
Maintenance of Plantation
DugwellStructure
Horticulture Plantation
Land Improvement
Road Improvement
Bank
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COIMBATORE
CUDDALORE
DHARMAPURI
DINDUGAL
CHENNAI
THIRUVALLUR
KANCHEEPURAMVELLORE
KRISHNAGIRI
SALEMERODE
NILGIRIS
THENI
VILLUPURAM
THIRUVANNAMALAI
PERAMBALUR
NAMAKKAL
KARUR
THIRUCHIRA PALLI
PUDUKOTTAI
THANJAVUR
THIRUVARUR
NAGAPATTINAM
NAGAPATTINAM
KARAIKAL (PUDUCHERRY)
SIVAGANGAI
RAMANATHA PURAM
MADURAI
VIRUDHU NAGAR
THOOTHUKUDI
THIRUNELVELI
KANYAKUMARI
BAY OF BENGAL
KERALA
KARNATAKA
ANDHRA PRADESH
WATERSHED MAP OF
TAMILNADU
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MAHARASHTRA
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ProjectWeight-
ageMWS
Total
area
(ha)
Project area proposed for treatment (ha)
(Excludes assured irrigation, dense
forest & uncultivable waste land)
PIA
IWMP-III/2010-11 96 10 7193 5476 Line Dept.
IWMP-IV/2010-11 104.4 10 11683 5292 Line Dept.
IWMp-V/2010-11 101.7 10 8033 5322 Line Dept.
Acute shortage of drinking water Low level of employment
opportunitiesMore SC/ST & BPL populationHigher level of migration
KRISHNAGIRI DISTRICT
Forest Area
Tamil Nadu
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Evaluation
• Evaluation of projects after completion everyphase is mandatory by independent agencies.
• Independent evaluating agencies are to beidentified and empanelled by the SLNAs with theapproval of DoLR.
• Subsequent installments are released based onthe satisfactory report of the evaluation.
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Monitoring
• Central level, periodic reviews by Minister, Secretary,
Steering Committee, Regional Review Meetings,
Programme Division, Area Officers and NLMs
• On-line monitoring system (IWMPMIS) in place. The
website is http://iwmpmis.nic.in
• State level, by Secretary/Nodal Department of the
State Government and SLNA
• District level, by ZP/DRDA/WCDC/Nodal Deptt.
• Project level, by the PIA/WDT and WC
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2003 2007
RS BASED IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN IWMP
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BHUVAN SERVICES FOR IWMP
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Real time data collection on GPScoordinates, Digital Photos & userspecified parameters andtransmission from field to centralprocessing server
Mobile PDA for Collection & Dissemination of RT Field Information
Field techniques -Map Technologies
Mobile application : Interactive Data*Reporting : WebGIS
Field data /Sensor :GIS database
Field data collection using GPS enables PDA mobile device
Communication using GPRS and HTTP
Communication with SERVER
Information Stored inDatabase
Near Real Time Information in Form of Email Dissemination
Decision Making
Visualization of Information in GIS
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Use of RS, GIS & GPS Technologies in Land and Water Resources
mapping and Monitoring their sustained use, is well documented
through various pilot projects.
Up-scaling the use of above Technologies in IWMP by State Govts
throughout country is to be taken up
Some of the SLNAs in the country have started using high
Resolution IRS data sets in planning, prioritization and DPRs
preparation of IWMP projects
By realizing the vast potential of the Geomatics with the presence
of organizations like NRSC/ISRO/DOS , the value addition for the
geo-spatial datasets readily available now are to be discussed and
proper protocols to be evolved for the best use.
WAY AHEAD …..
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Published data on watershed management by different
ISRO/DOS units revel that the methodologies followed
and inputs used, vary considerably.
User organizations are flooded with voluminous
datasets mostly on small scales by giving the
information on the accessibility of various web based
Portals/sites (ISRO/DOS,NIC, State level SDMHs).
Sufficient clarity is required by the user Depts., on
minimum and reliable datasets for IWMP site specific
needs, rather than the pilots/model studies (demos) with
lots of details.
WAY AHEAD …..
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Effective implementation of IWMP calls for the following reliable geo-spatial
datasets at 1:10,000 scale:
• Base map with Drainage, Road network, Settlements etc.,
• Geo-referenced village (Cadastral) maps overlaid on recent HRS data
• Present LU/LC clearly depicting the areas under rain-fed agril, wastelands
and areas under plantation.
• Soil resources: data on texture, depth, limitations for use etc.,
• Location and classification of all surface water bodies and their condition
• Revised micro-watershed boundaries (SLUSI, 2012)
• Ground profile derived from the DEM using 1 meter contours
• Ancillary data required at regional scale on Geological and Climatic
resources
• All the above envisaged datasets can be prepared district wise for potential
areas only.
WAY AHEAD …..
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Carto-1/2 PAN sharpened LISS IV, multi-temporal data
to be made available to State user Depts., for their
regular use.
When such datasets are available, the domain experts
can create IWMP project wise spatial data records by
integrating the geo-referenced project details.
Satellite data sets created right from the pre project
conditions through the project period will form the
scientific base for post project evaluation and impact
assessment studies.
WAY AHEAD …..
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Capacity Building:
Organizing regular capacity building activities through State Remote
Sensing Application Centers, RRCs/NRSC, NESAC
Strengthening State Remote Sensing Application Centers,
Geo-spatial Data utilization manuals are to be prepared by which
the user Depts., will get educated in accessing the data and its use.
WAY AHEAD …..
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