Download - DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCES: DIBRUGARH UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCES: DIBRUGARH UNIVERSITY

UG SYLLABUS UNDER SEMESTER SYSTEM

BOTANY GENERAL PROGRAMME

OUTLINE OF THE SYLLABUS

Semester-I 400 Marks

Compulsory course I: English–I 100 Non-major Course I: Botany –I (Th) Algae, Fungi, Bacteria, Lichen, Virus, Plant Pathology 60 : Botany –II (Practical based on Botany Course-I) 40 Non-major Course II: Chemistry –I (Th) 100 Non-major Course III: Zoology –I (Th) 60 : Zoology –II (Practical based on Zoology Course-I) 40 Total 400

Semester II 400 Marks

Compulsory course: English–II 100 Non-major Course I: Botany –III (Th) Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms 60 : Botany –IV (Practical based on the Botany Course- III 40 Non-major Course II: Chemistry –II (Th) 100 Non-major Course III: Zoology –III (Th) 60 :Zoology –IV (Practical based on Zoology Course-III) 40 Total 400 Semester III 400 Marks

Computer Application Course I (Th) 50 Computer Application Course II (Practical based on CA Course I) 50 Non-major Course I: Botany –V (Th) Morphology, Development and Reproduction of Angiosperms 60

: Botany –VI Practical based on Course-V 40 Non-major Course II: Chemistry –III (Th) 60 : Chemistry –IV (Practical based on Chem. Course – III) 40 Non-major Course III: Zoology –V (Th) 60 : Zoology –VI (Practical based on Botany Course-V) 40 Total 400

Semester IV 400 Marks

Computer Application Course -III (Th) 50 Computer Application Course -IV (Practical based on CA Course III) 50

Non-major Course I: Botany –VII (Th) Physiology & Economic Botany 60

: Botany –VIII (Practical based on Botany Course VII) 40 Non-major Course II: Chemistry –V (Th) 60 : Chemistry –VI (Practical based on Chem. Course – V) 40 Non-major Course III: Zoology –VII (Th) 60

: Zoology –VIII (Practical based on Zoology Course-VII) 40 T otal 400

Semester V 400Marks

Non-major Course I: Botany –IX (Th) Cytogenetics, Evolution & Biostatitstics 60

: Botany –X (Practical based on Botany Course -IX) 40 Non-major Course II: Chemistry –VII (Th) 60

: Chemistry –VIII (Practical based on Chem. - Course VII) 40 Non-major Course III: Zoology –IX (Th) 60

: Zoology –X (Practical based on the Course-IX) 40 Skill Based course –I: (Tissue culture/micropropagation, flouriculture/horticulture, sericulture, 100 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAP), Vermiculture, Mushroom culture,)

Total 400

Semester VI 400 Marks

Non-major Course I: Botany –XI (Th) Biochemistry, Ecology & Plant Geography 60

: Botany –XII (Practical based on Botany Course -XI) 40 Non-major Course II: Chemistry –IX (Th) 60

: Chemistry –X (Practical based on Chem. Course - IX) 40 Non-major Course III: Zoology –XI (Th) 60

: Zoology –XII (Practical based on Botany Course -XI) 40 Skill based course –II: Project + Field Study + Practical. 100 Total 400

Grand Total (SemesterI+II+III+IV+V+VI) =2400 marks

DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCES

DIBRUGARH UNIVERSITY UG SYLLABUS UNDER SEMESTER SYSTEM

BOTANY GENERAL PROGRAMME DETAIL SYLLABUS

Total Marks: 600

There shall be 12 (twelve) papers; 6 (six) each of theory and practical papers in Botany.

The distribution of courses and marks will be as follows:

Semester I 100 Marks Non-major Course I: Botany –I (Th) Algae, Fungi, Bacteria, Lichen, Virus, Plant Pathology 60 Non-major Course I: Botany –II (Pr.) Based on Botany Course-I 40

Semester II 100 Marks

Non-major Course I: Botany –III (Th) Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms 60 Non-major Course I: Botany –IV (Pr) Based on the Botany Course- III 40 Semester III 100 Marks Non-major Course I: Botany –V (Th) Morphology, Development and Reproduction of Angiosperms 60

Non-major Course I: Botany –VI (Pr) Based on Course-V 40

Semester IV 100 Marks

Non-major Course I: Botany –VII (Th) Physiology & Economic Botany 60

Non-major Course I: Botany –VIII (Pr) Based on Botany Course VII 40 Semester V 100Marks

Non-major Course I: Botany –IX (Th) Cytogenetics, Evolution & Biostatitstics 60

Non-major Course I: Botany –X (Pr) Based on Botany Course -IX 40 Semester VI 100 Marks

Non-major Course I: Botany –XI (Th) Biochemistry, Ecology & Plant Geography 60

Non-major Course I: Botany –XII (Pr) Based on Botany Course -XI 40



BOTANY GENERAL PROGRAMME

SYLLABUS

SEMESTER – I

Course I (Th): Lower Cryptogams (Algae, Fungi, Bacteria & Virus, Plant Pathology, Lichen)

60 Marks

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the undergraduate

students with the basic knowledge of the structure, forms and reproduction of thallophytes.

Algae: Marks:15, 16 Class hours

Unit –1: A general account of different algal groups, their relationship basing on the structure,

lifehistories of the types and the economic importance of algae. 3 class hours

a. Cholorophyceae: Chlamyaomonas, Volvox, , Coleochaete,Oedogonium and Chara. 5 class hours

b. Bacillariphyceae: A general account. 2 class hours

c. Phaeophyceae: Ectocarpus, Fucus. 2 class hours

d. Rhodophyceae: Polysiphonia and Batrachospermum. 2 class hours

e. Myxophyceae: Nostoc and Anabaena; 2 class hours

Fungi&Bacteria, Virus, Plant Pathology, Lichen Marks: 15+10+10+10, 24 class hours

Unit –1: A general knowledge of the different fungal groups, their relationship based on the

structure and life histories of the types- 3 class hours

a. Phycomycetes: Phytophithora, Synchytrium. 3 class hours

b. Ascomycotina: Peziza, Penicillium, Xylaria 3 class hours

c. Basidiomycotina: Puccima, Psaliota, Polyporus, Cyathus. Fungi imperfecti. 5 class hours

d. General account of bacteria and virus 2 class hours

e. Rust of Wheat, Grey Blight of tea, Late blight of potato. 3 class hours

f. Thallus structure and economic importance of lichen. 2 class hours

Course II (Practical): Based on Course-I Marks: 40, 10 class hours

Study of vegetative morphology and reproductive structures of selected representative groups.

SCHEME OF PRACTICAL EXAMINATIONS

Time: 4hrs. Marks 40

Algae/Fungi 20

Bacteria, Plant pathology 10

Lab. Note Book 5

Viva Voce 5

Total 40

Text Book: 1. Botany for Degree students: A.C. Dutta

2. College Botany Vol. II: Mukherjee, Das & Ganguly, Central Book.

3. Studies in Botany:

4. Text Book of thallophytes: Sharma

5. Plant Pathology: Mehrotra

6. Algae: B.R. Vaishistha

7. Fungi: B.R. Vaishistha

SEMESTER II

Course III (Th) :Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, & Gymnosperms 60 Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the undergraduate students with the basic knowledge of structure, forms and reproduction, evolution of tissue systems, seed habit in higher cryptograms & Gymnosperms.

Bryophytes Marks: 15, 10 class hours

Unit –1: A general account of the structure and life histories of the following:

Riccia, Marchantia, Anthoceros and Polytrichum.

Pteridophytes Marks: 25, 18 class hours

Unit –1: A general general account of the structure and life histories of the following:

Lycopodium, Selagnella, Equisetum, Ophioglossum, Polypodium and Marsilea.

Gymnosperm Marks: 20, 10 class hours

Unit –1: Classification of Gymnosperms.

Unit –2: Morphological and reproductive studies and life histories of Cycas, Pinus and Gnetum.

Course IV Practical based on the Botany Course-III Marks: 40, 12 class hours Study of vegetative morphology and reproductive structures of selected representative groups.

SCHEME OF PRACTICAL EXAMINATIONS:


Bryophyte 10

Pteriodephyte 10

Gymnosperms 10

Lab. Note Book 5

Viva Voce 5

Total 40




4. An introduction to Gymnosperms: Dutta, Kalyani

5. Text Book of Pteridophytes: Sharma, Macmillan.

6. Bryophytes: N.S. Parihar

7. Pteridophytes: B.R. Vasistha

SEMESTER III

Course V (Th) Morphology, Taxonomy, Development and Reproduction of Angiosperms 60 Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the undergraduate

students with the terminologies used in description of angiospermic plants, basic knowledge of plant

classification, tissues & tissue systems, development of primary & secondary plant bodies and

development of male & female reproductive components & their functions.

Morphology & Taxonomy Marks: 30, 20 class hours

Unit –1. Knowledge of the principles of classifications of angiosperms; salient features of system of

classification proposed by Linnaeus, Bentham and Hooker and Engler and Prantl’s. 4 class hours

Unit –2. Nomenclature- morphological details, diagram and floral formula of angiospermic species

of the following families citing common and economically plants. 3 class hours

Unit –3. Magnoliaceae, Brassicaceae, Malvaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Apiaceae, , Lamiaceae,

Euphorbiaceae; Orchidaceae, Musaceae, Lilliacae, Arecacuae, and Poaceae. 13 class hours

Development and Reproduction Marks: 30, 20 class hours

Unit –4. Meristems and organization of root and shoot apices. 3 class hours

Unit –5. Tissues and tissue systems, the primary body, stealer structures 4 class hours

Unit –6. The secondary growth: cambium and its derivatives, anomalous types, periderm. 3 class hours

Unit -7: Microsporangium and development of male gametophyte. 3 class hours

Unit – 8:. Megasporangium and development of female gametophyte. 3 class hours

Unit – 9: Embryo and endosperm development. 4 class hours

Course VI Practical based on the Botany Course V Marks: 40, 10 class hours

Study of vegetative morphology, reproductive structures of selected species, tissue differentiation by double staining technique, permanent slides of embryology.



Morphology and taxonomy 15

Development and reproduction 15

Lab. Note Book 5

Viva Voce 5

Total 40

Text Book:

1. Botany for Degree students: A.C. Dutta



4. Morphology of Angiosperms: M.L. Chopra

5. Plant Anatomy: Pandey.

6. Systematic Botany: O.P. Sharma

SEMESTER IV

Course VII (Th) Plant Physiology & Economic Botany 60


students with the basic knowledge of physiological activities of plants through the mechanisms of

absorption of inorganic components & production and functions of organic components & role of

external factors upon them.

Physiology Marks: 40, 30 class hours

Unit –1: An elementary knowledge; importance of water to plant life, diffusion, imhibition, osmosis

and plasmolysis; absorption of water and solutes. 6 class hours

Unit –2: Micro nutrition: Essential macro and micro elements and their role, transportation and

exudation, ascent of sap and translocation. 5 class hours

Unit –3: Enzymes, co-enzymes and their role in biochemical processes. 4 class hours

Unit –4: Photosynthesis: mechanism and factors affecting photosynthesis, calvin cycle, carbon

fixation in ozone cycle. 5 class hours

Unit –5: Respiration: mechanism (Glycolysis and Kreb cycle) and significance of respiration;

fermantation; growth and development: definations, phases of growth and development;

dormancy and germination of seeds. 6 class hours

Unit –6: Hormones: Gibberlin, auxin, cylokinins, florigen; concept of photoperiodism and

vernalisation; tropic and nastic movement. 4 class hours

Economic botany Marks: 20, 1 class hours for each=8 class hour

Unit –1: A general knowledge of the following economically important plants with reference to their

local names, scientific names and parts used.

a. Rice, wheat and maize.

b. Pulses – Pea and Soyabean.

c. Oil seeds – Mustard, ground nut coconut and sunflower.

d. Fibre plants – Jute, Cotton, Ramic.

e. Medicinal Plants – Rauwlfra, Swertia, Ocimum and Neem.

f. Timber yielding – Sal, Sissa, Teak, Holokh.

g. Beverages – Tea and Coffee.

Course VIII Practical based on Botany Course VII 40

Physiology Marks: 30, 9 class hours

Performance of simple physiological experiments from the prescribed course.

1. Phenomenon of Inhibition.

2. Phenomenon of Plasmolysis.

3. Phenomenon of Transcription – 3 expts. (minimum).

4. Phenomenon of Photosynthesis – 3 expts. (minimum).

Economic botany Marks: 10, 3 class hours

Candidates to submitted some specimens and herbarium sheets of some economically important

plants with proper specifications.


Time: 4hrs. Marks: 40

Plant Physiology 20

Economic botany (including collection ) 10

Lab. Note Book 5

Viva Voce 5

Total 40



3. Economic Botany: Pandey

4. A Text Book of Plant Physiology: Malik & Srivastava.

5. Handbook of Agriculture: ICAR

SEMESTER V

Course IX (Th) Cytogenetics, Evolution & Biostatitstics 60 Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the undergraduate

students with the basic knowledge of structures & function of cell and cell organelles, genetic

materials, principles of genetics, modem concepts of evolution and the statistical tools useful in

biology.

Cytogenetics Marks: 40,

Unit –1. Detail structure and functions of nucleus, chromosomes, cell wall, cell membrane, (physical

and chemical organisation and types). 4 class hours

Unit –2. Mitochondria, plastids & Ribosomes and replication of DNA and RNA. 4 class hours

Unit –3. Concept of polyploidy and its application, Mendel’s Laws, Linkage, Crossing over and

chromosome mapping, concept of gene and allele and mutation. 6 class hours

Unit –4. Knowledge of non-chromosomal inheritance, concept of genetic engineering and crop

improvement. 3 class hours

Unit –5. Concept of protoplast, cell and organ culture somatic hybridisation and tissue culture

techniques and its application. 3 class hours

Evolution 10

Unit –1: Origin of life, Evidences of organic evolution; mechanism of evolution; theories of organic

evolution. 4 class hours

Unit –2: Modern concept of evolution (Molecular basis of evolution). 4 class hours

Biostatistics 10

Unit –1: Importance of biostatistics, mean, median, and mode; mean deviation and standard

deviation, standard error, test of significance. 12 class hours

Course X Practical based on Course -IX 40 Cytogenetics Marks: 20, 5 class hours

Study of chromosomes by smearing the root tips using proper stains.

Biostatistics Two to three suitable problem Marks: 10, 5 class hours



Cytogenetics 20

Biostatistics 10

Lab. Note Book 5

Viva Voce 5

Total 40

Text Book: 1. Fundamentals of Biostatistics: Prasad, Emby Publications

2. Cytology, Genetics, Evolution and Ecology: Verma & Agarwalla

3. Genetics: P.K. Gupta

4. Cytogenetics & Plant Breeding: Sukla & Chandey.

5. Elements of Cytology: N.S. Chonn

SEMESTER VI

Course XI (Th) Biochemistry, Plant Ecology and Plant Geography 60


students with the basic knowledge of acid base concept and its importance, importance of

macromolecules, ecological importance of plants, their distribution and ecosystem structure &

function of ecosystem.

Biochemistry Marks: 20

Unit –1. Basic principles of biochemistry, acid, base, pH and buffer (inorganic and organic)

enzymes, (physiochemical properties), Vitamins and coenzymes, their importance.

5 class hours

Unit –2. General account of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids and their importance

5 class hours

Plant Ecology Marks: 30, 20 class hours

Unit –3. Ecological factors and their role in plant biodiversity. 2 class hours

Unit 4. Structure and function of ecosystem, energy flow through ecosystem, an overview on

different types of ecosystem. 7 class hours

Unit 5. Plant communities: definition, classification, characteristics, function, succession.

6 class hours

Unit 6. Natural resources: Renewable and non- renewable resources with special reference to N.E.

India, conservation of natural resources. 2 class hours

Unit 7. Deforestation and consequences of deforestation. 1 class hours

Unit 8. Pollution: Air, Water, Soil, global warming and green house effect, global climate change.

3 class hours

Plant Geography 10

Unit 7. General account on the Phytogeographical regions of India with special reference to the

Eastern Himalayas 4 class hours

Unit –8. Rare, endangered, threatened, and endemic flora – a general account. 3 class hours

Course XII Practical based on Course XI 40

Biochemistry Marks: 15, 6 class hours

Preparation of buffer, detection of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

Plant ecology and phytogeography Marks: 25, 6 class hours

Floristic composition study of different habitats, Study of producer, consumer and decomposer (if

possible) and preparation of food chain and food web to show the probable path of energy

transformation through the ecosystem, collection of representative plant samples of different

habitats.

SCHEME OF PRACTICAL EXAMINATIONS


Biochemistry 10

Environmentaland Phytogeography (including collection) 15

Lab. Note Book 5

Viva Voce 5

Total 40

Text Book:

1. A Text Book of Plant Ecology: R.S. Ambasht

2. Concept of Ecology: E.J. Kormandy

3. Modern Concept of Ecology : M.C. Dash

4. Modern Concept of Ecology: Verma & Agarwala

5. Fundamentals of Ecology: E.P. Odum

6. Biochemistry: A.L. Lenninger, Macmillan.

7. Biochemistry: Suyer, Academic Press.

8. Biochemistry: Trehan, Willey Eastern

9. Cell Physiology: A.C. Ghose.

10. College Botany in Tropics: Kochar, Macmillan.

11. College Botany Practical Vol. I and II: Santra, Chatterjee & Das, Central Book.

12. College Botany Vol. I and II: Mukherjee, Das & Ganguly, Central Book.


DIBRUGARH UNIVERSITY

UG SYLLABUS UNDER SYMESTER SYSTEM

BOTANY MAJOR PROGRAMME

TOTAL MARKS: 2400

There shall be 28 (twenty eight) courses 14(fourteen) each of theory and practical courses for

TDC Botany Major programme. The distribution of courses and marks will be as follows:

Semester-I Total Marks: 400

Compulsory course-I: English I 100

Non-major Course I: Zoology I (Th) 60

Non-major Course I: Zoology II (Pr) 40

Non-major Course: II =Chemistry I (Th) 100

Major Course I (Th): Algae, Fungi and Plant Pathology 60

Major Course II (Pr): Based on course I 40

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 400

Semester II Total Marks: 400

Compulsory course-II: Computer Skill-II 100

Non-major Course I: Zoology III (Th) 60

Non-major Course I: Zoology IV (Pr) 40

Non-major Course II =Chemistry –I (Th) 100

Major Course III (Th): Lichen and Bryophytes 60

Major Course IV (Pr): Based on course III 40

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 400

Compulsory course III: Environmental Studies 100*

Semester III Total Marks: 400

Non-major Course I: Zoology V (Th) 60

Non-major Course I: Zoology VI (Pr) 40

Non-major Course II: Chemistry III (Th) 60

Non-major Course II: Chemistry IV (Pr) 40

Major Course V (Th):Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Palaeobotany 60

Major Course VI (Pr): Based on course V 40

Major Course VII (Th): Microbiology and Biotechnology 60

Major Course VIII (Pr): Based on course VII 40

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 40

Semester IV Total Marks: 400

Non-major Course I: Zoology VII (Th) 60

Non-major Course I: Zoology VIII (Pr) 40

Non-major Course II: Chemistry VII (Th) 60

Non-major Course II: Chemistry VIII (Pr) 40

Major Course IX (Th): Morohology and Taxonomy of Angiosperms 60

Major Course X (Pr): Based on course IX 40

Major Course XI (Th):Cell Biology and Modern Laboratory Technique 60

Major Course XII (Pr): Based on course XI 40

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 400

Semester V Total Marks: 400

Major Course XIII (Th): Development and Reproduction in Angiosperms 60

Major Course XIV (Pr): Based on course XIII 40

Major Course XV (Th): Genetics, Plant Breeding & Biostatistics 60

Major Course XVI (Pr): Based on course XV 40

Major Course XVII (Th): Plant Physiology 60

Major Course XVIII (Pr): Based on course XVII 40

Major Course XIX (Th): Plant Ecology, Phytogeography and Evolution 60

Major Course XX (Pr): Based on course XIX 40

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 400

Semester VI Total Marks: 400

Major Course XXI (Th): Functional and Chemical Biology 60

Major Course XXII (Pr): Based on course XXI 40

Major Course XXIII (Th): Molecular Biology and Immunology 60

Major Course XXIV (Pr): Based on course XXIII 40

Major Course XXV (Th): Biophysics and Bioinformatics 60

Major Course XXVI (Pr): Based on course XXV 40

Major Course XXVII (Th): Utilization of Plants 60

Major Course XXVIII (Pr): Based on course XXVII 40

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 400

Grand Total=Semester (I+II+III+IV+V+VI) =2400 mark

SEMESTER- I

Major Course I (Th):Algae, Fungi and Lichen 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to provide basic knowledge of thallus,

morphology, reproduction and evolution of lower cryptograms and plant pathology..

Algae Marks: 25

Unit –1. General characters, classification and economic importance of algae; its phylogeny and

distribution in India. 2 class hours

Unit –2. Vegetative structure: cell and thallus structure; algal chromatophores and pigments; range of

thallus structure. 4 class hours

Unit –3. Reproduction: Vegetative, asexual, sexual and pattern of life cycles. 3 class hours

Unit –4. A comprehensive knowledge of the following classes with special reference to the structure

and life histories of the genera mentioned below: 6 class hours

a) Myxophyceae: Nostoc and Anabaena;

b) Cholorophyceae: Chlorella, Volvox, Oedogonium, Coleochaete, Chara

c) Xanthophyceae: Vaucheria

d) Bacillariphyceae: A general account.

e) Phaeophyceae: Ectocarpus and Fucus.

f) Rhodophyceae: Polysiphonia and Batrachospermum.

Fungi Marks: 25

Unit –1. Salient features of fungi, fungal cell structure and fungal nutrition. 2 class hours

Unit –2. Classification of fungi (Alexopolus) and their distribution in India. 1 class hours

Unit –3. Comparative account of structure, method of reproduction and mode of spore dispersal

of fungi. 4 class hours

Unit –4. Economic importance of fungi. 1 class hours

Unit –5. Comprehensive knowledge of the following groups with special reference to the structure

and life histories of the genera mentioned below from an evolutionary point of view.

10 class hours

(a) Mastigomycotina: Myxomycetes: a general account, Albugo,Pythium.

(b) Zygomycotina: Rhizopus.

(c) Ascomycotina: Peziza

(d) Basidiomycotina: Puccima, Polyporus, Cyathus, Agaricus

(e) Deuteromycotina: Aspergillus, Altermaria, Penicelllium

Lichen Marks: 10

Unit –1. A general account with particular reference to types and their detail cell structure. 3 class hours

Unit -2. Mode of reproduction, symbiotic association, nutrition and economic importance. 4 cl hrs

Major Course II (Pr): Based on course I Marks: 40, 10 class hours

Algae, Fungi & Lichen

Preparation, drawing, description and identification of the types prescribed for study in

theory syllabus and microscopic measurements and camera lucida drawing of fungal types.

SCHEME OF THE PRACTICAL EXAMINATION:

Time: 4 hrs. Marks: 40

1. Slide preparation (algae) 10

2. Drawing labelling & description (with Camera lucida

drawing and spore measurement of fungi / pathology. 10

3. Lichen 4

4. Identification 3

5. Practical record book 5

6. Viva voce 8

Total 40

* Book list is given at the end of the programme.

Semester II

Major Course III (Th): Plant Pathology and Bryophytes 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to provide fundamental knowledge on

the structure, morphology, reproduction, alteration of generation and tissue organisation and spore

dispersal mechanisms in Bryophytes.

Plant Pathology Marks: 30

Unit –1. Principles of plant pathology with special reference to systematic and localised diseases and

symptoms. 2 class hours

Unit –2. Host parasite interaction, (toxins, enzymes ,resistant). 4 class hours

Unit–3. Plant disease management through physical, chemical, biological, regulatory and cultural

methods, and post harvest management. 6 class hours

Unit –4. Study of the following diseases and their methods of control: late blight of potato, ergot of

rye, loose smut of wheat, rust of wheat, red rot of sugarcane, grey blight of tea, citrus canker and

mosaic disease of tobacco. 8 class hours

Bryophytes Marks: 30

Unit _1. General account, classification and distribution in India 2 class hours

Unit _2. Comparative account of the gametophyte 2 class hours

Unit –3. Evolution of saprophytes and spore dispersal mechanism 8 class hours

Unit –4. A comparative knowledge of the structure and life history of the following types from the

evolutionary point of view and their ecology and economic importance 8 class hours

Riccia, Marchantia, Anthoceros, Sphagum, Polytrichum

Major Course IV (Pr): based on course III Marks: 40, 10 class hours

Plant Pathology & Bryophyte Preparation of slides by cutting sections, drawing, labelling, description and identification of

the types prescribed in the theory syllabus, microscopic measurement and camera lucida drawing of

pathogen types.


Time: 4 hrs. 1. Plant Pathology 10

2. Slide preparation (Bryophyte) 8

5. Identification 6

6. Slide submission 3


8. Viva voce 8

Total 40

SEMESTER III

Major Course V (Th):Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Palaeobotany 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to provide comparative account of

structural morphology, distribution anatomy, reproduction and evolution of seed habit in higher

cryptograms; special emphasis is to be given on the stelar structure and evolutionary links.

Pteridophytes Marks: 25

Unit –1. General classification, organisation and affinities, distribution in India and economic

importance. 3 class hours

Unit –2. Stelar organisation in Pteriodophytes. 2 class hours

Unit –3. Evolution of sporophytes and sporophylls in pteriodophytes. 3 class hours

Unit –4. Homospory and Heterospory and its importance in evolution of seed habit 3 class hours.

Unit –5. Comparative study of morphology and life history of psilotum, Lycopodium, Selagnella,

Equisetum, Marsilea. 4 class hours

Gymnosperms Marks: 20

Unit –1. Classification, distribution and economic importance. 3 class hours

Unit –2. Comparative and evolutionary study of morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Cycas,

Pinus, Ginkgo, Gnetum. 7 class hours

Palaeobotany Marks: 15

Unit –1. An elementary knowledge of paleobotany – process and the theory of fossilization,

geological periods and importance of Paleobotany. 4 class hours

Unit –2. General account of anatomy and reproduction of the following types:

(a) Pteridophytes – Rhynia, Hornea, Phyton, Sphenophyllum 3 class hours

(b) Gymnospers – Cycadefilicales (Lyginopteris), Bennettitales (Willimasonia) and

Cordaitales (Cordaites). 3 class hours

Major Course VI (Pr): Based on course V Marks: 40, 15 class hours

Pteridophyte

Preparation of slides by cutting section, drawing, labelling, description and identification of

the types, prescribed in the theory syllabus.

Gymnosperm

Preparation of slides by cutting section drawing, labelling, description and identification of

the types, prescribed in the theory syllabus.

Palaeobotany

Study of specimens and slides of paleobotanical importance.



1. Slide preparation (Pteridophytes) 10

2. Slide preparation (gymnosperms) 11

3. Identification 6


5. Viva voce 8

Total 40

Major Course VII (Th): Microbiology and Biotechnology 60

Objective of the course: The main aim of this course is to introduce the students with the basic

knowledge of microbiology and biotechnology in the light of recent developments.

Microbiology Marks: 40

Unit –1. Contribution of scientists for development of microbiology. 1 class hours

Unit –2. Classification of micro-organisms and characteristic features of different groups of micro-

organisms, brief knowledge of bacteria, cyanobacteria, virus, bacteriophage, mycoplasma (Structure,

reproduction and importance). 5 class hours

Unit –3. Elementary principles of isolation, and cultivation of micro-organisms and pure culture

concept. 4 class hours

Unit –4. General ecology of soil microflora, mycorrhiza and bacteriorrhiza. 3 class hours

Unit –5. Microbiology of food, milk and water. 2 class hours

Unit –6. Importance of micro-organisms for human welfare, elementary knowledge of disease caused

by microbes to man, and plants (only two diseases from each group, mentioning causal organism,

symptoms and control measures). 4 class hours

Biotechnology Marks: 20

Unit – 1. Introduction, scope of biotechnology, recent advances in biotechnology, application of

biotechnology in agriculture and industry, concepts pertaining to biofertilizers. 3 class hours

Unit – 2. Genetic Engineering and its merits and demerits 4 class hours

Unit – 3. Tissue culture: basic principle, medium, protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization. 6 c h

Unit – 4. Basic knowledge of industrial microbiology with reference to production of Alcohol,

vinegar and antibiotic. 3 class hours

Major Course VIII (Pr): Based on course VII Marks: 40, 15 class hours

Use of the following apparatus - Hot air oven, autoclave, incubator, sterilization techniques/

methods, preparation of different types of media and cultures, dilution plate technique, staining of

bacteria, slide preparations, demonstration of hybridization and tissue culture techniques.



1. Different techniques (Microbiological /Biotechnological) 15

2. Demonstration 10


4. Viva voce 10

Total 40

SEMESTER IV

Major Course IX (Th): Morohology and Taxonomy of Angiosperms 60

Objective of the course: The main aim of this course is to provide fundamentals of Angiosperm

morphology and classification with special reference to the polygenerid relationship of various taxa.

Morphology of Angiosperms Marks: 20

Unit –1. Detail study of (i) carpel polymorphism (ii) origin of angiosperms (iii) Evolution of

inflorescence and (iv) Role of morphology in the classification of the flowering plants.

8 class hours

Taxonomy of Angiosperms Marks: 40

Unit –1. History of plant classification, its aims and objectives, outlines of the main classifications

(systems of classification) – Artificial, natural, phylogenetic and modern with special

reference to Linnaeus, Bentham and Hooker, Engler and Prantl, Hutchinson and Takhtajan’s

classification. 6 class hours

Unit –2. Generic names, specific epithets, citation and authority, binomial nomenclature, taxonomic

keys; typification and priority; importance of herbarium specimens and their preparations;

role of herbaria and botanical gardens; documentation (floras, monographs, manuals,

journals, abstracts, indices and dictionaries). 6 class hours

Unit –3. Taxonomy in relation to cytology (cytotaxonomy), chemistry (chemotaxonomy) numerical

taxonomy and biosystematics. 6 class hours

Unit –4. A detailed knowledge of the following families and their phylogenetic affinities and

economically important plants: 6 class hours

Dicotyledons: Magnoliaceae, Malvaceae, Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae,

Cucurbitaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraccae, Lamiaceae, Theaceae, Apocynaceae and

Euphorbiaceae

Monocotyledons : Orchidaceae, Musaceae, Zingiberaceae, Arecaceae and

Poaceae, Commelinaceae, Cyperaceae.

Major Course X (Pr): Based on course IX Marks: 40, 15 class hours

Candidates will be asked to dissect, draw and describe the plants in simple technical language

and identify up to genera with the help of identifying keys.

Submission of preserved and dry botanical specimens, herbarium sheets, permanent and

semi-permanent slides of roots, leaves and pollen grains.

Field Study: Students to be visited place(s) of botanical interest and to submit a field report

on the visit.



1. Dissection,drawing, labelling,description 15

2. Herbarium, Field Study Report 10


4. Viva voce 10

Total 40

Major Course XI (Th): Cell Biology and Modern Laboratory Technique 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to provide fundamental knowledge of

structural and functional aspects of cell and cell organelles and the tools and techniques used in

modern biological study.

CELL BIOLOGY: Marks: 40

Unit –1. Cell theory and its exceptions, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 3 class hours

Unit –2. Cell organisation: Cell wall, its formation and growth, plasma membrane, chemical

organisation and function; protoplast, Cell-sap, Plasmodesmata, ergastic substance, cell

organelles, structure, origin and function of mitochondria, nucleus, chromosome – special

types of chromosomes, plastids with reference to chloroplast, golgi bodies, endoplasmic

reticulum, ribosome and lysosome. 8 class hours

Unit –3. Cell formation – amitosis, mitosis, and meiosis, and cell cycle. 3 class hours

Unit –4. Nucleoproteins and nature of genetic material 3 class hours

Unit –5. Structure and function of nucleic acids, DNA replication, Genetic code and RNA transcription.

4 class hours

Unit –6. Cell adhesion, membrane transport, signal transduction (G proteins). 4 class hours

Modern Laboratory Technique Marks: 20, 15 class hours

Unit –1: Working principles, operations and application of the following in biological sciences:

a. Microscopy: Compound, Phase contrast, Dark field and Electron microscopes.

b. Chromatography – Paper, affinity, TLC, HPLC, gel filtration.

c. Spectrophotometer.

d. Autoradiography.

e. PH

meter, BOD incubator, autoclave, colorimeter, laminar air flow, centrifuge, hot air oven.

f. Basic knowledge of computer and its application.

Major Course XII (Pr): Based on course XI Marks: 40, 10 class hours

Cell biology

. Paraffin methods of making permanent stained slides; preparation of paraffin blocks,

teaming. fixing; stain staining techniques used in differentiation of different types of

cells.

Modern Laboratory Technique

Separation of plant pigments and amino acids by paper chromatography/TLC. Demonstration

of modern biological tools as per theory syllabus mentioning their principle, function and uses in the

biological sciences.



1. Cell biology 15

2. Separation techniques 10


4. Viva voce 10

Total 40

SEMESTER V

Major Course XIII (Th): Development and Reproduction in Angiosperm 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to provide fundamental knowledge of

structural and functional aspects of cell and cell organelles and the tools and techniques used in

modern biological study.

Development Marks: 30

Unit –1. Organisation of tissues: Types of tissues, Meristematic and permanent, their types,

structures, distribution and functions; theories of differentiation of roots and shoots.

8 class hours

Unit –2. Stelar Body – origin and development, Root – stem transition, leaf traces and leaf gaps,

branch gaps, abssicion layer. 6 class hours

Unit –3. Secondary structures of roots and stems, intiation of cambium and its activities. 4 class hours

Unit –4. Anomalous secondary growth in thickness (Amaranthus, Asparagms, Boerharia and

Mirabilis). 6 class hours

Unit –5. Anatomico –physiological consideration of dermal, mechanical, conducting and

photosynthetic system of tissues; anatomy of C3 and C4 plants. 5 class hours

Reproduction Marks: 30

Unit –1. A general treatment of the following topics: Development of male and female 6 class hours

gametophyte of angiosperms; a monosporic, a bisporic & tetrasporic, embryosac.

Unit –2. Fertilization, development of embryo; Apomixis, polyembryony, Palynology. 6 class hours

Unit –3. Development of Endosperm – nuclear, cellular, helobial; houstorial structures. 3 class hours

Major Course XIV (Pr): Based on course XIII Marks: 40, 10 class hours

Development

Study of primary, secondary and anomalous structures of stem and roots; Internal structures

of different types of leaves; maceration of tissues; identification of the elements; Knowledge of

single and double staining methods; preparation of temporary and permanent mounts.

Reproduction

Study of permanent slides of embryological importance and preparation of temporary slides of

placenta and pollen grains (germinating).



1. Double staining slide (anatomy) drawing, labelling, description 15

2. Workout and study of permanent slide (embryological) 10


4. Viva voce 10

Total 40

Major Course XV (Th): Genetics & Plant Breeding, Biostatistics 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the students with the basic

knowledge on plant genetics and application of genetic for improvement of crop, application of

statistics in biology.

Genetics Marks: 25

Unit – 1. Mendel’s Laws, their critical appreciation, gene interactions and modified monohybrid

and dihybrid ratios; concept of alleles, multiple alleles and multiple genes. 2 class hours

Unit – 2.. Linkage, crossing over and basic knowledge of gene mapping. 2 class hours

Unit – 3. Determination of sex, sex linked and sex limited traits. 2 class hours

Unit – 4. Cytoplasmic inheritance with reference to plastid inheritance and kappa particle

inheritance. 4 class hours

Unit – 5. Chromosomal (numerical and structural) and gene mutation, concept of biochemical

mutation. 3 class hours

Unit – 6. Basic ideas of gene and its fine structure, transposons and plasmids. 2 class hours

Unit – 7. Microbial genetics: Basic ideas of conjugation, Transduction and Transformation. 3 cl hrs

Unit – 8. Human genetics: Karyotype, impatant Syndromes and disorders. 2 class hours

Plant Breeding Marks: 20

Unit – 1. Methods of reproduction: Sexual, vegetative, apomixes. 3 class hours

Unit – 2. Principles and methods of plant breeding: introduction, Selection, hybridization,

Heterosis breeding and concept of mutation breeding. 3 class hours

Unit – 3. In vitro culture: Requirements, techniques and application in crop improvement. 3 cl hrs

Biostatistics Marks: 15

Unit –1. Application of statistics in Biological Science, collection and classification of data for

frequency distribution. 3 class hours

Unit –2. Measurement of central tendency; mean, media , mode, standard deviation, variant and

standard error. 3 class hours

Unit –3. Test of significance, probability test. 3 class hours

Major Course XVI (Pr): Based on course XV Marks: 40, 10 class hours

Temporary aceto-carmine and aceto-orcein smear preparations of root tips (onion/lily) and

flowerbuds (onion/tradescantia); drawing, description of the mitotic and meiotic stages. Simple

calculation of Mandelian ratios including ratios due to gene interaction

Study of floral biology and techniques of plant breeding emasculation, bagging, tagging and

labelling.

Computation of central tendency and deviation.



1. Genetics 12

2. Plant breeding 8

3. Biostatistics 7


5. Viva voce 10

Total 40

Major Course XVII (Th): Plant Physiology 60


knowledge on major physiological aspects of plants.

Unit –1. Plant water relationships: Diffusion, imhibition and Osmosis; water potential and chemical

potential; absorption of water; mechanism of active and passive absorption; water holding

and witting co-efficient; co-efficient; transpiration, its mechanism and significant factors.

5 class hours

Unit –2. Ascent of sap: Definition; different theories related to ascent of sap; physiological

effects of water deficit and stress physiology. 4 class hours

Unit –3. Mineral nutrition in plants: Role in micro and macro elements; mineral deficiency

symptoms in plant growth. 3 class hours

Unit –4. Nitrogen metabolism: Nitrogen fixation (symbiotic and non-symbiotic), nif-gene and

nitrification. 3 class hours

Unit –5. Photosynthesis: Historical background and significance; mechanism a) Light reaction –

Red drop, Emerson effect, photosynthetic pigments; two pigment systems; cyclic and non-

cyclic electron transport; photophosphorylation and production of assimilatory power, (b)

Dark reaction: Calvin cycle (C3 pathway), Hetch-shack pathway (C4 pathway); differences

between C3 and C4 cycle; photorespiration, crassulacian acid metabolism (CAM) and

chemosynthesis; factors affecting photosynthesis. 6 class hours

Unit –6. Translocation of organic solutes: Transport of photosynthates; source sink-relationships; the

mechanisms of translocation in phyloem 4 class hours.

Unit –7. Respiration: Glycolysis and TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway; oxidative

phosphorylation. 4 class hours

Unit –8. Growth and Development: Definitions; phases of growth; kinetics of growth;physiology of

seed dormancy and germination; photoperidism and vernalisation; phytohormones: auxin,

gibberellins and cytokinins along-with their physiological role and mechanisms; movements

–tropic and nastic. 6 class hours

Major Course XVIII (Pr): Based on course XVII Marks: 40, 15 class hours

Properties of colloids: imbibition and absorption of water and solutes – Osmosis in plant

tissues; determination of osmotic pressure and suction pressure; root plant tissues; determination of

inorganic constituents of tissues and the experiments on transpiration, respiration, photosynthesis,

growth and movement, ash analysis on transpiration, respiration, photosynthesis, growth and

movement, ash analysis.



1. Experiment

a)Major 15

b)Minor 10


3. Viva voce 10

Total 40

Major Course XIX (Th): Plant Ecology, Phytogeography and Evolution 60


principles and concepts of plant ecology, structure & function of natural plant units, habitat

degradation and role of plant on improvement of habitat, conservation ecology, phytogegraphy &

evolution.

Plant Ecology Marks: 40

Unit – 1. Introduction: definition and scope of plant ecology, development of plant ecology in

India and abroad, division of plant ecology; concepts pertaining to population,

community, autecology and synecology; ecological factors. 3 class hours

Unit 2. Autecology and population dynamics: definition, characteristics of population,

population growth forms 4 class hours

Unit 3. Synecology and community dynamics: structure and classification of plant community,

community characteristics, analytic and synthetic characters; plant succession: types of

succession, causes of succession, the climax concept. 7 class hours

Unit 4. Ecosystem dynamics: definition, types, structure and function of ecosystem, concept of

energy flow through ecosystem; nutrient cycling and biogeochemical cycles with special

reference to water, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus cycles. 5 class hours

Unit -5. Conservation ecology: Conservation of nature and natural recourses, deforestation and

its consequences; concept of endemic, vulnerable, rare, endangered and threatened species;

Red Data Books, ex – situ and in-situ conservation, concept of Biosphere Reserve,

National Park, Wild life Sanctuary, World’s biodiversity hot spots. 5 class hours

Unit – 6. Habitat degradation: Pollution of air, water, soil and its impact on our environment;

control of pollution with special reference to phytoremediation, public awareness and

people’s participation; global warming and green house effect, global climate change

4 class hours.

Phytogeography 10

Unit –1. Principles of static and dynamic phytogeography; general idea of the distribution of plants

over the globe (from tropical to arctic zones) with special reference to the Phytogeographical

Regions of India. 4 class hours

Evolution 10

Unit –1. Organic evolution: mechanism of organic evolution; theories of organic evolution (a general

idea). 2 class hours

Unit –2. Modern concept of evolution and origin of life in the light of chemical evolution.

2 class hours

Major Course XX (Pr): Based on course XIX Marks: 40

Ecology: Marks: 30, 12 class hours

1. Study of the common instruments (PH

meter, spectrophotometer, colorimeter, Muffle furnace,

hot air oven, growth chamber, soil thermometer, maximum and minimum thermometer,

hygrometer, psychrometer or dry and wet bulb thermometer, lux meter etc.) used in

ecological investigation.

2. Study of floristic composition within the college campus / outside near to the college campus.

3. Determination of minimum sampling size (Species-area-curve) for vegetation study.

4. Determination of minimum number of samples to be taken for vegetation study (Species-

area-curve).

5. Determination of abundance and density of herbaceous species in a study area.

6. Determination of percentage frequency of herbaceous species in a study area.

7. Determination of root – shoot ratio of herbaceous plants grown in different conditions.

8. Determination of Relative Growth Rate (RGR) of herbaceous species grown in different

conditions.

9. Study of ecosystem structure by analyzing the producer, consumer, and decomposer (if

possible) and production of food chain and food web of a particular locality to show the

probable path (s) of energy transformation through the system.

10. Study of standing crop biomass and productivity of an ecosystem.

Phytogeography: Marks: 5, 1 class hours

1. Preparation of chart on the major biomes of the world / landscape with distribution of plants

with reference to particular ecological condition (s).

Evolution: Marks: 5, 1 class hours

1. Study of permanent slides / fossil rocks having evolutionary significance.



1. Ecology

a) Major Expt. 12

b) Minor expt. 8

2. Phytogeography and evolution 5


4. Viva voce 10

Total 40

SEMESTER VI

Major Course XXI (Th): Functional and Chemical Biology 60


knowledge of modern approaches to functional and chemical biology of plants.

Unit –1. Metabolic concept- Anabolism and Catabolism. 6 class hours

Unit – 2. Polymeric substances in plants- A brief study of Polysaccharides, Lipids, Proteins,

Nucleic Acids, Chlorophylls with special reference to their functions. 8 class hours

Unit 3. Secondary plant products- Terpenoids, Phenols, Flavonoids, Anthocyanins, Alkaloids,

Non-protein Amino Acids. 8 class hours

Unit 4. General account of – Plant Hormones and their role (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins,

abssisic acid), phytochrome, and storage products. 8 class hours

Unit 5. Mechanism of source sink relationship. 5 class hours

Major Course XXII (Pr): Based on course XXI Marks: 40, 15 class hours

1. Qualitative analysis of secondary metabolites in different plant samples.

2. Quantitave estimation of secondary metabolites in different plant samples

3. Qualitative and quantitative estimation of different photosynthetic pigments.

4. Determination of antioxidant capacity of various plant extracts of food and medicinal

importance.

` SCHEME OF THE PRACTICAL EXAMINATION:


1. Phytochemical analysis

a) Major 15

b) Minor 10


5. Viva voce 10

Total 40

Major Course XXIII (Th): Molecular Biology and Immunology 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the students with the

fundamentals of molecular biology and immunology of plants.

Molecular Biology Marks: 40

Unit – 1. Nucleic Acids, DNA as genetic material, structure and functions of DNA & RNA,

Watson & Crick Model of DNA, other forms of DNA (A & Z). 9 class hours

Unit 2.Replication of DNA- prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Transcriptions in prokaryotes and

eukaryotes. 6 class hours

Unit 3. Features of genetic code wobble hypothesis, protein biosynthesis in prokaryotes and


Unit 4. Recombination in Prokaryotes; Transformation, Conjunction and Transduction;

Genome organization in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Concept of Transposons and

Plasmids. 5 class hours

Unit 5. Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes- Operon concept (Lac) 4 class hours

Immunology Marks: 20

Unit -1. Plant health management. 4 class hours

Unit 2. Immunity & immunization, principle of immunological reactions- antigens and antibodies. 5 class hours

Unit -3. Interaction of plants with bacteria, virus and fungi; breeding for disease resistance,

environment & immunity, laws in the distribution of immunity from infectious diseases

in plants. 5 class hours

Major Course XXIV (Pr): Based on course XXIII Marks: 40, 12 class hours

1.Preparation of ball and stick model of Nucleotides.

2.Detection / estimation of RNA.

3. Study of antimicrobial activity (inhibition zone) of various

plant extracts of economic importance.



1. Molecular biology 13

2. Immunology 12


5. Viva voce 10

Total 40

Major Course XXV (Th): Biophysics and Bioinformatics 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the students with the tools

and techniques of physical and computer sciences used in biological study.

Biophysics Marks: 30

Unit – 1. Scope and development of Biophysics. PH

and buffer concept. 5 class hours

Unit –2. Microscopy- Bright field, Dark field, Phase contrast, Electron micros 6 class hours

Unit –3. Sphectrophotometry, X-ray crystallography, Chromatography, Autoradiography. 5 class hours

Unit - 4. Isotopes, Types, their importance in biological studies, measure of radioactivity. 6 class hours

Bioinformatics Marks: 30

Unit-1. Fundamentals of bioinformatics: introduction, history and scope of bioinformatics; sources of

information, internet world wide web and web brousers. 4 class hours

Unit-2. Biological database: introduction, basic concepts of primary and secondary databases; Nuclic acid and protein sequence database (NCBI, gene bank and SWISS- PROT); Data mining and data mining tools (ENTREZ). 6 class hours

Unit 3. Database search and sequence alignment, Tools of sequence alignment – FASTA and

BLAST; methods of sequence alignment. 4 class hours

Unit 4. Phylogenetic analysis: basic concept, steps in evaluation of phylogeny and

constructing phylogenetic trees. 4 class hours

Major Course XXVI (Pr): Based on course XXV Marks: 40, 10 class hours

1.Application of different microscopes in biological study.

2.separation techniques.

3.Different e-resources and database search.

4.Similarity search in sequence such as BLAST / FASTA.

5.Creation of databases.

6.Submission of charts and models etc.



1. Biophysics 15

2. Bioinformatics 10


5. Viva voce 10

Total 40

Major Course XXVII (Th): Utilization of Plants 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to provide students comprehensive

knowledge of usefulness of plant resources for human welfare.

Unit -1. Origin of cultivated plants, Vavilov’s centre of origin of crop plants; ethnobotany and

its importance in Indian context. 3 class hours

Unit - 2. Agrotechnology of rice, wheat, mastered, til, soyabean, gram, mung, pea, tea, coffee,

potato, cabbage, cauliflower, tomato. 8 class hours

Unit - 3. Agrotechnology of Chilli, turmeric, zinger, cardamom, black piper, jute, cotton, ramie,

bamboo, teak, sal, sisoo, ajar, nahar. 8 class hours

Unit - 4. Agrotechnology of Sarpagandha, ashwagandha, kalmegh, satmul, bos, giloi

(Tinospora), bhot jalakia, amlakhi, arjun, silikha. 8 class hours

Unit - 5. Agrotechnology of Patchouli, citrolella, vitivar, sasi, jatropha, era, beliphul, badam,

jetuka, bhringraj, kenhraj, long piper. 8 class hours

Major Course XXVIII (Pr): Based on course XXVII Marks: 40, 15 class hours

1. Determination of soil PH of different soil samples collected from different habitats and soil

physical properties.

2. Study of botanical characteristics, useful part (s), and products of the materials in the Course

XXVII.

3. Determination of protein, fat, oil content of certain materials studied in the Course XXVII.



1. Soil analysis 10

2. Spot identification of useful plant / plant part(s)

of different categories with distinguishing characters

to be selected by the External Examiner. 15


5. Viva voce 10

Total 40

***PROJECT WORK: Topic of the project may be given in the SEMESTER-V and the report

based on proper methodology and statistically correlated data should be submitted for evaluation at

the time of SEMESTER-VI practical examination.

Books Recommended:

Cryptogamic Botany Vol I & II: Smith, Tata McGraw Hill.

Introduction to lower plants: Round, Bultherworth.

Morphology of Gymnosperms: Coulter & Chamberlein.

Plant Anatomy: Basu, Willey.

Introduction to Embryology: P. Maheswari.

Introduction to Plant Taxonomy: Jeffrey, Churcil.

Int. to Plant Physiology: Meyer & Anderson, East West.

A Class Book of Botany: A.C. Dutta.

Modern Concept of Ecology: Kumer, Vikash.

Cell Biology: S.C. Rastogi, Rastogi Publication.

General Microbiology Vol. I & II: Power & Daginaqala, Himalayan Publishing House.

Economic Botany: Hill, McGraw Hill.

Genetics: Winchester, Oxford & IBH.

Fungi & Plant Diseases: Mundkar, Macmillan.

Int. to Plant Physiology: Curtis & Clarke, McGraw Hill.

Plant Pathology: Butter & Jones, Macmillan.

Taxonomy of Vascular Plants: Lawrener, Macmillan.

An Int. to Gymnosperms: S.C. Dutta, Asia Publishing House.

The Primitive Land Plants: Bower, Macmillan.

Fundamentals of Ecology: Odum, W.B. Saunders.

Elements of Cytology: Cohen, Harcourt.

Morphology and Taxonomy of Fungi: Bessey, Vikash.

Morphology of Vascular Plants: Eames, Tata McGraw Hill.

Introductory Mycology: Alexopolous, Willey.

Plant Physiology Vol. I & II: Steward, Academic Press.

Families of Flowering Plants Vol. I & II: Hutchinson, Macmillan.

Plant Diseases: R.S. Singh, Oxford Hill.

Fundamentals of Biostatistics: Prasad, Emkay Publication.

An Int. to Taxonomy of Angiospers: Shukla & Mishra, Vikash.

College Botany Practical Vol. I & II: Santra, Chatterjee & Das, Central Book.

College Botany: Das Ganguly, Central Book.

Economics Botany in tropics: Kochar, Macmillan.

Concepts of Cell Biology: Verma & Agarwal, H. Chand.

Industrial Microbiology: Patel, Macmillan.

Principles of Soil Science: Rai, Macmillan.

Text Book of Pteridophytes: Sharma, Macmillan.

Genetic Engineering: Mitra, Macmillan.

Genetics: Ahluwalia, Willey.

Elementary Principles of Plant Breeding: Chaudhury, Oxford & IBH.

Plant Breeding: Chopra, Oxford & IBH.

Genetics: Gardener.

Principles of Genetics: Stickferger.

Essentials of Genetics and Biotechnology: A.C.Gogoi

Molecular Cytogenetics: Sinnoll, Dunne & Donbzhosky.

A Text Book of Plant Ecology: R. S. Amharst.

Population Ecology: M. Begon & M. Mortimer.

Fundamentals of Ecology: M.C. Dogh.

The Reproductive capacity of plants: E.J. Salisbury.

Introduction to Environmental Management: Nag Choudhury.

Environmental Biology: Trivedi & Raj.

Microbiology: N.J. Pelczar et. al.

General Microbiology: R.Y. Stainer et. al.

Soil Microbiology: N. Walker.

Molecular Viscosity: G.A. Knight.

Petroleum Microbiology: R.M. Atlas.

Agricultural Microbiology: Rangaswamy and Bhagyaraj.

Biotechnology: Trichan.

Microbial Genetics: Treifelder.

Modern concept of Ecology: Verma & Agarwala

Handbook of Agriculture: ICAR

Economic Botany: Pandey

A Handbook of Medicinal Plants: Prajapati; Sharma, Kumar, Purohit

Medicinal Plants of N.E. India: NEDFi

Cultivation of Medicinal Plants: Purohit & Vyas.



ZOOLOGY GENERAL PROGRAMME

SYLLABUS


Compulsory course-I =English–I 100

Non-major Course I = Zoology –I (Th) Animal diversity-I, Systematics & Evolution 60

Non-major Course I = Zoology- II (Pr) (based on Course I) 40


Non-major Course III =Botany –I (Th) 60

Non-major Course III =Botany –II (Pr) 40

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 400

Semester-II Total Marks: 400

Compulsory course-I =English–II 100

Non-major Course I = Zoology –III (Th) Animal diversity-II and Developmental Biology 60

Non-major Course I = Zoology- IV (Pr) (based on Course III) 40

Non-major Course II =Chemistry –II (Th) 100

Non-major Course III =Botany –III (Th) 60

Non-major Course III =Botany –IV (Pr) 40

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 400

Semester-III Total Marks: 400

Computer Application Course –I (Th) 50

Computer Application Course –II (Pr) 50

Non-major Course I = Zoology –V (Th) Cell Biology and Biochemistry 60

Non-major Course I = Zoology- VI (Pr) (based on Course V) 40

Non-major Course II =Chemistry –III (Th) 60

Non-major Course II =Chemistry –IV (Pr) 40

Non-major Course III =Botany –V (Th) 60

Non-major Course III =Botany –VI (Pr) 40

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 400

Semester-IV Total Marks: 400

Computer Application Course –III (Th) 50

Computer Application Course –IV (Pr) 50

Non-major Course I = Zoology –VII (Th) Animal Physiology and Endocrinology 60

Non-major Course I = Zoology- VIII (Pr) (based on Course VII) 40

Non-major Course II =Chemistry –V (Th) 60

Non-major Course II =Chemistry –VI (Pr) 40

Non-major Course III =Botany –VII (Th) 60

Non-major Course III =Botany –VIII (Pr) 40

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 400

Semester-V Total Marks: 400

Non-major Course I = Zoology –IX (Th) Genetics and Molecular Biology 60

Non-major Course I = Zoology- X (Pr) (based on Course IX) 40

Non-major Course II =Chemistry –VII (Th) 60

Non-major Course II =Chemistry –VIII (Pr) 40

Non-major Course III =Botany –IX (Th) 60

Non-major Course III =Botany –X (Pr) 40

Skill-based Course-I : Pisciculture/ Vermiculture/ Sericulture/ Apiculture 100

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 400

Semester-VI Total Marks: 400

Non-major Course I = Zoology –XI (Th) Animal Ecology and Biostatistics 60

Non-major Course I = Zoology- XII (Pr) (based on Course XI) 40

Non-major Course II =Chemistry –IX (Th) 60

Non-major Course II =Chemistry –X (Pr) 40

Non-major Course III =Botany –XI (Th) 60

Non-major Course III =Botany –XII (Pr) 40

Skill-based Course-II : Project, etc. 100

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 400


DIBRUGARH UNIVERSITY UG SYLLABUS FOR ZOOLOGY GENERAL PROGRAMME

DETAIL SYLLABUS

TOTAL MARKS: 600

There shall be 12 (twelve) papers; 6 (six) each of theory and practical papers in zoology.

The distribution of courses and marks will be as follows:

Semester-I 100 marks

Non-major Course I = Zoology –I (Th) Animal diversity-I, Systematics & Evolution 60

Non-major Course I = Zoology- II (Pr) Based on Course I 40

Semester-II 100 marks

Non-major Course I = Zoology –III (Th) Animal diversity-II and Developmental Biology 60

Non-major Course I = Zoology- IV (Pr) Based on Course III 40

Semester-III 100 marks

Non-major Course I = Zoology –V (Th) Cell Biology and Biochemistry 60

Non-major Course I = Zoology- VI (Pr) Based on Course V 40

Semester-IV 100 marks

Non-major Course I = Zoology –VII (Th) Animal Physiology and Endocrinology 60

Non-major Course I = Zoology- VIII (Pr) Based on Course VII 40

Semester-V 100 marks

Non-major Course I = Zoology –IX (Th) Genetics and Molecular Biology 60

Non-major Course I = Zoology- X (Pr) Based on Course IX 40

Semester-VI 100 marks

Non-major Course I = Zoology –XI (Th) Animal Ecology and Biostatistics 60

Non-major Course I = Zoology- XII (Pr) Based on Course XI 40

Semester-I

Zoology –I (Th) Animal diversity-I, Systematics & Evolution (30+10+20) 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the students with diverse

forms of invertebrate animals, their structural morphology of group level and classification;

evolutionary lives and events.

Animal diversity-I (Non-Chordates) Marks: 35

Unit -1: Non chordates: Salient features and classification up to classes of different phyla. 3 class hours

Unit-2: Protozoa: Type study (Paramecium and Leishmania), locomotion, nutrition and reproduction in

protozoa. 3 class hours

Unit -3: Porifera and Coelentrata: Type study (Sycon and Hydra), corals and coral reefs 3 class hours

Unit-4: Platyhelminthes and Nemathelminthes: Type study, (Ascaris and Taenia), reproduction and

parasitic adaptation. 4 class hours

Unit -5: Annelida: Type study (Hirudinarea), Coelom and excretion in annelida. 2 class hours

Unit-6: Arthropoda: Major groups – outline classification, vision in arthropoda; metamorphosis in insects;

crustacean larval forms, social life in honey bee. 3 class hours

Unit-7: Mollusca: Type study (Pila); torsion and detorsion in gastropoda; economic importance of

mollusca. 3 class hours

Unit -8: Echinodermata: General characters, feeding and locomotion of starfish. 2 class hours

Systematics & Evolution Marks: 10 + 15= 25

Unit-1: Systematics- definition, classification and its hierarchy 3 class hours

Unit -2: Concept of evolution, evolutionary theories. 3 class hours

Unit –3: Origin of life on earth. 3 class hours

Unit –4: Variation, mutations, recombination, isolation and natural selection. 5 class hours

Unit –5: Concept of species and speciation. 3 class hours

Zoology- II (Pr) (based on Zoology I) Marks: 40, 10 class hours

PRACTICAL

1. Dissection: Leech – Digestive, Excretory and reproductive systems, prawn – Nervous

system; Grasshopper/ cockroach– Nervous system, digestive system; Pila – Digestive

system, nervous system.

2. Identification: Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Entamoeba histolytica, Euglena, Noctiluca,

Volvox, Grantia, Spongila, Gammules of sponge, Spicules of sponge, L.S. and T.S. of Sycon,

Madrepora, Porpita, Vallela, Aurelia, Sea-anemone, Corallium, Pennatula, Aleyonium,

Obelia colony with medusa, Fasciola, Taenia, Ascaris, Bladder-worm, Planaria, Scolex and

Proglottid of Taenia, Nereis, Aphordite, Heteronereis, Limulus, Scorpion, Spider, Centipede,

Millipede, Squilla, Lobster, Crab, Balanus, Lepas, Peripatus, Locust, Mantis, Beetle, Wasp,

Termite, Chiton, Dentallium, Pecten, Pearl Oyster, Loligo, Sepia, one representative from

Asteroidea, Holothuroidea and Ophiurioidea.

3. Preparation of permanent slides from suitable materials from invertebrate animals.



1. Dissection (Non Chordates) 12

2. Preparation of permanent slides 10

3. Spotting including permanent slides 8

(Invertebrate materials)


5. Viva voce 5

Total 40 marks

Semester-II

Zoology –III (Th) Animal diversity-II (Chordates) and Developmental Biology (40+20)= 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the students with diverse forms of vertebrate animals and the major events of embryological aspects. Animal diversity-II (Chordates) Marks: 40, 25 class hours

Unit –1: Origin and general characters of chordates. 2 class hours

Unit –2: Protochordates – Classification upto orders, interrelationships, structural organisation of

hemichordates, urochordates, post-embryonic development of Amphioxus. 8 class hours

Unit –3: Fishes: Classification up to orders, respiratory organs and migration. 4 class hours

Unit –4: Amphibia: Classification upto orders, parental care. 2 class hours

Unit –5: Reptiles: Classification upto orders, extinct reptiles, poisonous snakes of India. 3 class hours

Unit –6: Aves: Classification upto super-orders, beaks and claws, perching and flight mechanism,

bird migration. 4 class hours

Unit –7: Mammals –Classification upto orders. 2 class hours

Developmental Biology: Marks: 20, 15 class hours

Unit –1: Gametogenesis – spermatogenesis and oogenesis, vitellogenesis, egg membranes. 4 class hours

Unit –2: Fertilization – sperm-egg interactions – biochemical events, post fertilization events;

Parthenogenesis. 3 class hours

Unit –3: Types of animal eggs; patterns of cleavage; germ layers, gastrulation, fate maps and cell

linage 5 class hours

Unit –4: Extra embryonic membranes, types and physiology of placenta. 3 class hours

Zoology- IV (Practical) (based on Zoology III) Marks: 40, 10 class hours

a. Dissection:

Scoliodon – External morphology, afferent branchial system, efferent branchial system, internal ear;

Goroi fish – Efferent branchial system

2. Identification:

Balanoglossus, Herdmania, Amphioxus, Doliolum, Salpa, Pristis, Chimera, Labeo, Catla,

Puntius, Heteropneustes, Wallago, Cirrhinus, Exocoetus, Hippocampus, Hilsa, Electric ray,

Protopterus, Lepidosiren, Ichthyophis, Cryptobranchus, Necturus, Ambystoma, Axolotol larva,

Hyla, Chameleon, Gecko, Wall lizard, Flying lizard, Mabuiya, Varanus, Typhlops, Hydrophis,

Banded Krait, Pit viper, Russel viper, Fowl Duck, Crow, Dove, Cuckoo, Myna, Owl, Parrot,

House Sparrow, Vulture, Bulbul, Kite, Squirrel, Rat, Monkey, Hedgehog, Bat, Loris, Langur,

Scaly ant-eater, Fox, Cat, Otter, Porcupine, Mouse.

3. Preparation of permanent slides from suitable materials from vertebrate animals.

4. Study of chick embryo development up to 72 hrs. by permanent slides.



1. Dissection (Chordates) 12

2. Spotting/Identification including vertebrate slide 10

3. Preparation of permanent slides using suitable chordates material 8


5. Viva voce 5

Total 40

Semester-III

Zoology –V (Th) Cell Biology and Biochemistry (30+30) = 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the students with structure and function of animal cell and biochemical aspects of macromolecules.

Cell Biology: Marks: 40, 20 class hours

Unit –1: General structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 6 class hours

Unit –2: Structure and function of cell organelles (plasma, membrane, mitochondria, Golgi bodies;

endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, chromosomes). 8 class hours

Unit –3: Cell cycle and cell division (mitosis & meiosis). 6 class hours

Biochemistry: Marks: 30, 20 class hours

Unit –1: Basic principles of biochemistry, acid, base, pH and buffer; Osmosis, diffusion, osmosis and

active transport. 6 class hours

Unit –2: Nature and function of enzymes; Vitamins their sources and functions. 4 class hours

Unit –3: Types of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and nucleic acids. 4 class hours

Unit –4: Biological oxidation, electron transport system, synthesis of ATP, glycolysis and Krebs

cycle. 6 class hours

Zoology- VI (Practical) (based on Zoology V) Marks: 40, 10 class hours

3. Study of mitosis and meiosis with the help of permanent slides.

4. Preparation of slide for the study of mitosis and meiosis with suitable materials.

5. Preparation of normal and molar solution

6. Qualitative test of carbohydrate, protein and fat.

7. Qualitative test of salivary amylase.



1. Cell Biology Experiment 10

2. Biochemical Experiment-I 10

3. Biochemical Experiment-II 5

4. Spotting 5


6. Viva voce 5

Total 40

Semester-IV

Zoology –VII (Th) Animal Physiology and Endocrinology (30+30) =60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the students with the major events of animal physiology and endocrinology.

Animal Physiology Marks: 30, 20 class hours

Unit –1: Digestion and absorption of carbohydrate, proteins and fats; balanced diet. 4 class hours

Unit –2: Physiology of respiration and excretion in mammals. 5 class hours

Unit –3: Composition and constituents of blood groups and Rh factor, Blood coagulation.

5 class hours

Unit –4: Neurons and conduction of nerve impulse. 3 class hours

Unit –5: Drug addiction and its impact on society. 3 class hours

Endocrinology Marks: 30

Unit –1: A brief outline of the organization of endrocrine system in mammals; anatomy of pituitary,

thyroid, pancreas and adrenal gland 6 class hours

Unit –2: General character of hormones, feedback mechanism 4 class hours

Unit-3: Functions of hormones of pituitary, thyroid, pancreas and adrenal. 6 class hours

Unit –4: Neuroendocrine system in insects. 4 class hours

Zoology- VIII (Pr) (based on Zoology VII) Marks: 40, 10 class hours

1. Preparation of haemin crystals.

2. R.B.C. and W.B.C. counting by haemocytometer.

3. Kymographic recording of heart beat.

4. Display pituitary and thyroid gland of frog/toad.

5. Study of permanent slides of endocrine glands



1. Physiological Experiment 12

2. Endocrinological Experiment 8

3. Spotting/Identification 4

4. Preparation of slide 6


5. Viva voce 5

Total 40

Semester-V

Zoology –IX (Th) Genetics and Molecular Biology (30+30) 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the students with the structure, function and transmission of genetic materials from generation to generation and the basic concepts of molecular biology.

Genetics Marks: 30, 20 class hours

Unit –1: Principles of heredity; linkage and crossing over; non-chromosomal inheritance. 9 class hours

Unit –2: Concept of gene, sex chromosome and sex determination; 7 class hours

Unit-3: Mutation and mutagenesis. 4 class hours

Molecular Biology 30

Unit-1: Nucleic acids, DNA as genetic material, structure of DNA, types of RNA 8 class hours

Unit-2: Concept of central dogma, genetic code, basic steps of translation 8 class hours

Unit-3: Cloning and genetic engineering. 4 class hours

Zoology- X (Practical) (based on Zoology IX) Marks: 40, 10 class hours

1. Mendelian problems

2. Ball and stick model for nucleotides

3. Theoretical problems in molecular biology

4. Preparation of slides for study of meiosis using suitable material



1. Mendelian problems 10

2. Ball and stick model for nucleotides 5

3. Theoretical problems in molecular biology 5

4. Preparation of slides for study of meiosis 10


6. Viva voce 5

Total 40

Semester-VI

Zoology –XI (Th) Animal Ecology and Biostatistics 30+30) 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the students with the structural and functional aspects of animal communities with respect to their environment and the basic concepts of application of statistics in biology.

Animal Ecology Marks: 30

Unit –1: Basic concept of ecosystem; Brief account of abiotic and biotic factors in grassland and

aquatic ecosystem 4 class hours

Unit-2: Food chain and energy flow, food web. 4 class hours

Unit-3: Environmental pollution; Types, sources, causes control and prevention of air and water

pollution; biogeochemical cycles (Carbon and Nitrogen) green house effect, Ozone layer

depletion and its impact 6 class hours

Unit-4: Basic concept of wildlife and wildlife habitat, forest types of NE India, endangered fauna of

NE India and its conservation. 6 class hours

Biostatistics 30

Unit –1: Sampling of data; graphic presentation of data; histogram, bar diagram and oogive. 6 class hours

Unit –2: Mean, median, and mode; Mean deviation and standard deviation. 8 class hours

Unit –3: Significance test (Chi-square, students’t-test, F-test). 6 class hours

Zoology- XII (Pr) (based on Zoology XI) Marks: 40, 10 class hours

1. To find out the abundance and density of soil fauna by quadrate method.

2. Find out the biotic components of a grassland/pond ecosystem and make probable food chain and

food web.

3. Simple biostatistical calculation involving mean, median, mode and standard deviation.



1. Ecological Experiment-I 10

2. Ecological Experiment-II 10

3. Biostatistical calculation 10


5. Viva voce 5

Total 40

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

A Text book of invertebrate Zoology: S.N. Prasad, Kitab Mahal, Allahabad, 1977.

A Manual of Zoology Part I: B. Ayyar.

Text Book of Zoology Vol. I: A. J. Marshall , S.W.D. Williams.

Invertebrates: English Language Book Society, Madras, 7th Edn. 1947.

Fundamentals of Ecology: B.P. Odum., W.R. Saunders, Toflan co. Tokyo, 1971.

Biological Chemistry: H.F. Mahler & B.H. Cords Gapper & Raw, N.Y. 1971.

Cell Biology: B.D. Roberts, W. Newinski & F. Sacz, W.B. Saunders Co. London, 1975.

Cell Physiology: A.C. Giese, Boxwood, 1975.

Principle of Genetics: B.J.Gardener, John Willey N.Y. 1972. .

Genetics: A.M. Winestler, Oxford & IBH, Calcutta 1971.

Introduction of Evolution: P.A. Mody, Harper & Raw, N.Y. 1964.

Evolution, Process & Products: B.O. Dedson, Rginhold Publication, C.N.Y.

Organic Evolution: R.S. Lull, Revised Indian Edn. By Light & Life Publishers, New

Delhi, 1976.

Chordate Zoology: S.N. Prasad, Kitab Mahal, Allahabad.

A Manual of Zoology Part II: B. Ayyar.

Text Book of Zoology: T. J. Parker and B.A. Haswell.

Vol. II Vertebrates: English Language Book Society, Madras, Feb. Edn. 1974.

Text Book of Physiology: B.K. Annand and S.K. Manchand, TATA McGraw Hill, New

Delhi, 1976.

General Endocrinology: C.D. Turner and J.I. Bangara, W.B. Saunders Co. 1971.

An Introduction to Embryology: B.I. Balinsky, W.B. Saunders Co. 1976.

Histology: Bailey.

Prani Bigyan: Dibrugarh University.

Biochemistry: K. Trehan, Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi.

Statistical Method in Biology: N.T.J. Bailey, REBS Publishers, New Delhi.

Text Book of Vertebrate and Invertebrates: P.L. Ketpal.


DIBRUGARH UNIVERSITY

UG SYLLABUS UNDER SYMESTER SYSTEM

ZOOLOGY MAJOR PROGRAMME

TOTAL MARKS: 2400

There shall be 28 (twenty eight) courses 14(fourteen) each of theory and practical courses for

TDC Zoology Major programme. The distribution of courses and marks will be as follows:


Compulsory course-I: English–I 100

Non-major Course I: Botany –I (Th) 60

Non-major Course I: Botany II (Pr) 40

Non-major Course: II =Chemistry –I (Th) 100

Major Course I (Th): Animal Diversity-I and Systematics 60

Major Course II (Pr): based on course I 40

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 400

Semester II Total Marks: 400

Compulsory course-II: Computer Skill-II 100

Non-major Course I: Botany III (Th) 60

Non-major Course I: Botany IV (Pr) 40


Major Course III (Th): Animal diversity-II and Comparative anatomy 60

Major Course IV (Pr): based on course III 40

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 400

Compulsory course III: Environmental Studies 100*

Semester III Total Marks: 400

Non-major Course I: Botany V (Th) 60

Non-major Course I: Botany VI (Pr) 40

Non-major Course II: Chemistry III (Th) 60

Non-major Course II: Chemistry IV (Pr) 40

Major Course V (Th): Biochemistry 60

Major Course VI (Pr): Based on course V 40

Major Course VII (Th): Bioinstrumentation and Biostatistics 60

Major Course VIII (Pr): Based on course VII 40

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 40

Semester IV Total Marks: 400

Non-major Course I: Botany VII (Th) 60

Non-major Course I: Botany VIII (Pr) 40

Non-major Course II: Chemistry VII (Th) 60

Non-major Course II: Chemistry VIII (Pr) 40

Major Course IX (Th): Cell Biology, Histology and Histochemistry 60

Major Course X (Pr): Based on course IX 40

Major Course XI (Th): Developmental Biology 60

Major Course XII (Pr): Based on course XI 40

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 400

Semester V Total Marks: 400

Major Course XIII (Th): Genetics and Evolution 60

Major Course XIV (Pr): Based on course XIII 40

Major Course XV (Th): Mammalian Physiology 60

Major Course XVI (Pr): Based on course XV 40

Major Course XVII (Th): Environmental Biology and Wildlife Biology 60

Major Course XVIII (Pr): Based on course XVII 40

Major Course XIX (Th): Endocrinology 60

Major Course XX (Pr): Based on course XIX 40

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 400

Semester VI Total Marks: 400

Major Course XXI (Th): Parasitology and Ethology 60

Major Course XXII (Pr): Based on course XXI 40

Major Course XXIII (Th): Immunology and Molecular Biology 60

Major Course XXIV (Pr): Based on course XXIII 40

Major Course XXV (Th): Biotechnology and Bioinformatics 60

Major Course XXVI (Pr): Based on course XXV 40

Major Course XXVII (Th): Economic Zoology 60

Major Course XXVIII (Pr): Based on course XXVII 40

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 400

Grand Total=Semester (I+II+III+IV+V+VI) =2400 mark

SEMESTER- I

Major Course I (Th): Animal Diversity-I and Systematics (40+20) 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the students with the diverse forms and structures and taxonomic groups of the invertebrate animals.

Animal Diversity-I (Non-chordates) Marks: 40

Unit-1: Protozoa- General characters and classification upto orders with examples; locomotion,

nutrition and reproduction in protozoa, Porifera- General characters and classification upto

orders with examples; skeletal, canal system and reproduction in Sycon; Coelentrata: General

characters and classification upto orders with examples; polymorphism and defensive

mechanism in coelentereta; coral reefs and their formation. 6 class hours

Unit-2: Helminthes: General characters and classification upto orders with examples; Annelida:

General characters and classification upto orders with examples; excretion, reproduction and

importance of Pheretima; coelom and metamerism in annelids. 5 class hours

Unit-3: Arthropoda: General characters and classification upto orders with examples; mouth parts of

insects; larval forms in crustacea; digestion, excretion and vision in arthropoda; affinity of

Onychophora. 5 class hours

Unit-4: Mollusca: General characters and classification upto orders with examples; digestive, respiratory

and excretory system of Pila; shell diversity, torsion and detorsion in molllusca. 4 class hours

Unit-5: Echinodermata: General characters and classification upto orders with examples; water

vascular system in starfish, echinoderm larvae and their affinities; affinities of Rotifera and

Sagitta. 5 class hours

Systematics 20

Unit-1: Systematics: Systematics and classification, form and hierarchy of classification; Modern

species concept; nomenclature – rules of zoological nomenclature. 5 class hours

Unit-2: Modern concept in taxonomy (Molecular, chemotaxonomy, numerical taxonomy &

cytotaxonomy). 5 class hours

Major Course II (Practical): Based on Course I Marks: 40, 15 class hours

1. Dissection of the following invertebrate system:

Earthworm: Urinogenital system.

Pila/ Acatina: Nervous system.

Cockroach: Digestive, nervous system and reproductive system.

2. Identification of following invertebrates with reason:

Paramaecium, Trypanosoma, Giardia, Trichomonous, Sycon, Trychympha, Globigerina,

Porpita, Taenia solium, Ancylostoma duodenale, Wechereria bancrofti, Chalinid sponge,

Spongilla, Sea-anemone, Madrepora, Gorgonia, coral, Fungia, Pleurobranchia, Oxuris,

Rotifer, Brachipid, Heteronereis, Chaetopterus, Pentobdella, Glycera, Limulus, Megascolex,

Tubifex, Glossiphonia, Echiurus, Argulus, Ligia, Neptunus, Branchipus, Apus, Nauplius,

Zoea, Megalopa, Millipede, Gryllus, Gryletalpa, Termites, Ephemerid, Larvae, Dragonfly

larva, aphid, Ranatra, Bellostoma, Lady bird, Beetle, Ants, Rice-bug, Peripatus, Nautilus,

Pearl Oyster, Mytilus, Limax, Solen, Planorbird, Heart -Urchin, Cake-Urchin, Brittle Star,

Leaf insect, Stick insect.

3. Preparation of permanent slides & mounting of minimum five suitable non-chordate

specimens and their submission.



1. Dissection 10

2. Preparation of permanent mounting 4

5. Identification 8

6. Slide submission 3


8. Viva voce 10

Total 40

SEMESTER- II

Major Course III (Th): Animal Diversity-II and Comparative Anatomy

(45+15) = 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the students with the diverse forms and structures of vertebrate animals and their comparative anatomical study.

Animal Diversity-II (Chordates) Marks: 45

Unit –1: General characters of Chordata and classification upto class; Classification of protochordata

up to orders; general characters of hemichordata, urochordata and cephalochordata; structure

and post embryonic development of larval forms and their significance in chordate

phylogeny; affinities of protochordates. 5 class hours

Unit –2: Distinctive characters of Petromyzontia, Chondrichthyes & Dipnoi; Classification of

Osteichthyes upto orders with examples; Ammocoete larva and its importance in evolution;

structures of gills, accessory, respiratory organs and swim bladders of fish; sense organs;

locomotion, migration and parental care in fish. 5 class hours

Unit –3: Distinctive characters and classification of Amphibia upto orders with examples; parental

care, metamorphosis and neoteny in amphibia; distinctive characters and classification of

Reptilia upto orders with examples; anatomical peculiarities and affinities of Sphenodon;

poisonous snakes of India; biting mechanisms of poisonous snakes. 5 class hours

Unit –4: General characters and classification of Aves upto super orders with examples; mechanisms

of bird flight; perching mechanism; flight adaptation in bird; migration in birds. 5 class hours

Unit –5: General characters and classification of Mammalia upto orders with examples; affinities of

monotremata and marsupilia; dentition in mammals; echo-location in bats; adaptation of

aquatic mammals. 5 class hours

Comparative anatomy Marks: 15

Unit –1: Integument, pectoral and pelvic girdles, cranial nerves of vertebrates. 4 class hours

Unit–2: Comparative account of circulatory, respiratory, alimentary and urinogenital system among

reptiles, birds and mammals. 6 class hours

Major Course IV (Practical): Based on Course III Marks: 40, 15 class hours

1. Dissection of the following vertebrate system.

Scoliodon: Efferent branchial vessels, internal ear, 9th and 10

th cranial nerves;

Carp/ Goroi Fish: 5th

, 7th

, 9th

and 10th

cranial nerves, Efferent branchial system; Weberian

ossicles of carp.

2. Identification of vertebrates with reasons:

Pyrosoma, Salpa, Doliolum, Oikopleura, Myxine, Sting ray, Hammer headed shark, Pristis,

Electric ray, Tiger shark, Pipe fish, Protopterus, Hemiramphus, Ribbon fish, Sucker fish,

Mugil, Eel, Belepthalamus, Ichthyophis, Colisa, Scatophagus, Amphipneus, Glossogobius,

Mystus, Harpodon, Tetraodon, Cryptobranchus, Axolotol larva, Ambystoms, Necturus,

Amphiuma, Typhlops, Krait, Viper, Pit viper, Hydrophis, Drayophis, Natrix, Sea Snake,

Tryonix, Chelone, Leathery, Turtle, Echidna, Platypus.

3. Preparation of permanent slides & mounting of minimum five suitable slides of vertebrate’s

exoskeleton (scale, feather etc.)

4. Study of vertebral column of mammals; pectoral and pelvic girdle of reptiles, bird and

mammals.

5. Demonstration of digestive, circulatory, respiratory and urinogenital system of reptiles, bird

and mammals through electronic media



1. Dissection 10

2. Identification of museum specimens and bones 8

3. Submission of slides (vertebrate material) 3

4. Preparation of slides 4


6. Viva voce 10

Total 40

SEMESTER- III

Major Course V (Th): Biochemistry 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the students with the basic knowledge of biochemistry with special reference to macromolecules.

Biochemistry

Unit -1: Laws of thermodynamics and their application in biochemistry; free energy change in

biochemical systems; ATP and other high-energy phosphates as energy carrier; concept of

redox systems Basic principles of biological chemistry; water, acid, base, pH and buffers.

9 class hours

Unit-2: Structure and classification of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids and lipids. 6 class hours

Unit -3: General concept of metabolism- Glycolysis; Krebs cycle; electron transport system (ETS)

and ATP synthesis; β-oxidation of fatty acids 6 class hours

Unit-4: Enzymes- nomenclature, IUB classification, kinetics and mechanism of action; enzyme

inhibition. 6 class hours

Unit-5: Vitamins (source and functions) and co-enzymes 3 class hours

Unit -6: Structure and forms of DNA and RNA; DNA as genetic material 6 class hours

Major Course VI (Practical): Based on Course V Marks: 40, 14 class hours

1. Qualitative test for carbohydrate to identify the common monosaccharides and disaccharides

(Glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, galactose, mannose, starch and glycogen).

2. Extraction and estimation of enzyme urease/ peroxidase by titrimatric method.

3. Estimation of ascorbic acid in lemon/milk.



1. Qualitative test 13

2. Estimation 12


4. Viva voce 10

Total 40

Major Course VII (Th): Bioinstrumentation and Biostatistics (30 + 30) = 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the students with the tools and techniques used in biological study with special reference to instruments & statistics.

Bioinstrumentation Marks: 30

Unit-1: Chromatography- basic concept of paper, ion exchange and thin layer chromatography;

5 class hours

Unit-2: Microscopy- basic principle and applications of light, phase contrast and electron

microscope. 5 class hours

Unit-3: Photometry- principle and uses of colourimeter and spectrophotometer. 5 class hours

Unit-4: Principles and uses of kymography and microtomy 4 class hours

Unit-5: Principles and practices of centrifugation 3 class hours

Biostatistics Marks: 30

Unit-1: Scope and utility of statistics in Bioscience; Sampling, collection and graphical

representation of data 5 class hours

Unit-2: Measures of statistical average; mean deviation and standard deviation 5 class hours

Unit-3: Probability tests; Correlation and regression; Significance tests (t, F and X2 tests)

8 class hours

Major Course VIII (Practical): Based on Course VII Marks: 40, 10 class hours

1. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography

2. Demonstration of instruments as prescribed in syllabus

3. Statistical calculation of central tendency, deviations, correlation, regression & t test


Time: 4 hrs. Marks: 40 1. a. Statistical calculation (central tendency/ deviation) 5

b. Graphical representation/ correlation 5

2. Separation technique 10

3. Spotting (instrument) 5


5. Viva voce 10

Total 40

SEMESTER- IV

Major Course IX (Th): Cell Biology, Histology and Histochemistry (40 + 10 + 10) = 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to provide fundamental knowledge of structural and histochemical analysis of animal cell & tissues.

Cell Biology 40

Unit-1: Overview of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; structure and functions of cell organelles-

mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, ribosome, Golgi bodies, nucleus, structure

and functions of plasma membrane (lipid bilayer model); extra nuclear matrix; receptor

mediated endocytosis 8 class hours

Unit-2: Structure and functions of chromosome; polytene and lamp brush chromosomes; chromatin-

molecular organization, nucleosome, DNA packaging in prokaryotes and eukaryotes,

heterochromatin and euchromatin; models of chromosomal movements. 7 class hours

Unit-3: Cell cycle- molecular events in different phases, regulation of cell cycle; normal and

abnormal cell growth; concept of apoptosis; cell division (mitosis and meiosis) 4 class hours

Unit-4: Basic concept of cell signalling (endocrine, paracrine and autocrine signalling); function of

cell surface receptors- G protein-coupled receptors. 4 class hours

Histology and Histochemistry 10 + 10 = 20

Unit –1: Animal tissues- types, structure and function; histological structure of muscles, epithelium,

bone, cartilage, lung, kidney, liver, stomach, intestine and pancreas of mammals. 5 class hours

Unit –2: Histological methods- basic principles of fixation, dehydration, embedding, sectioning and

spreading 5 class hours

Unit-3: types of staining; vital staining; classification and properties of dyes; metachromatic dyes

and staining 5 class hours

Major Course X (Practical): Based on Course IX Marks: 40, 12 class hours

1. Study of mitosis in tadpole tail, onion root tip

2. Meiosis in testes of grass hopper or cockroach

3. Histochemical localization of following:

a. General lipid by Sudan black B method.

b. Metachromatic substances by Toludine blue method.

4. Histological preparation and submission of the following tissues: liver, stomach, intestine,

kidney, pancreas, testes and ovary of vertebrates.



1. Cell division 10

2. Preparation of histological slide 5

3. Spotting (histological slide) 6

4. Submission of histological slide 4


6. Viva voce 10

Total 40

Major Course XI (Th): Developmental Biology 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to provide exposer to the students on the fundamentals of embryology of animals.

Unit-1: Gametogenesis- formation of gametes (spermatogenesis; oogenesis); structure, maturation

and growth of sperm and ovum; vitellogenesis. 6 class hours

Unit-2: Fertilization- types and mechanism of fertilization; mono and polyspermy; parthenogenesis.

6 class hours

Unit-3: Cleavage and gastrulation- cleavage pattern, blastulation and gastrulation in chick; fate maps;

fate of germ layers; primary organisers, induction, property and mechanism of action of

inductive substances. 7 class hours

Unit-4: Organogenesis – development of sense organs (eyes and ears). 5 class hours

Unit -5: Extra embryonic membranes in birds and placentation in mammals. 6 class hours

Major Course XII (Practical): Based on Course XI Marks: 40, 20 class hours

1. Study of permanent slides of different embryonic stages of frog/toad.

2. Study of permanent slides of developmental stages in chick embryo.

3. Submission of permanent stained preparation of (at least two stages up to 72 hrs.

development stages) chick embryo.



1. Embryological slide preparation 10

2. Spotting (embryological slide) 10

4. Submission of slide 5


6. Viva voce 10

Total 40

SEMESTER- V

Major Course XIII (Th): Genetics and Evolution (40 + 20) = 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the students with the fundamentals of genetic principles and evolutionary trends.

Genetics Marks: 40

Unit-1: Mendel’s law of inheritance and their critical analysis; gene and allele concept 2 class hours

Unit-2: Physical basis of heredity; interaction of genes, incomplete dominance, complementary

factors, supplementary factors, epistasis, inhibitory factors, lethal factors; Quantitative

genetics. 4 class hours

Unit-3: Linkage and crossing over; basic knowledge of gene mapping 2 class hours

Unit-4: and determination of sex, sex-linked inheritance; cytoplasmic inheritance. 4 class hours

Unit-5: Concept of gene and their fine structures; chromosomal (numerical and structural) and gene

mutation, types, genetic significance of mutation and practical implications. 4 class hours

Unit-6: Human genetics: human as a genetic material, autosome and sex chromosomes, recessive and

dominant trades, inborn error in metabolism, human chromosome, human genome project.

4 class hours

Evolution Marks: 20

Unit-1: Evidences and theories of evolution- palaeo-biological and molecular evidences;

Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo Darwinism, Mutation theory and Modern Synthetic theory.

3 class hours

Unit-2: Origin of life (chemical and biological origin); variation- types and sources; isolation;

speciation (sympatric, allopatric and peripatric); fossil and fossilization. 4 class hours

Unit-3: Concept of population- gene pool and gene frequency (Hardy- Weinberg law); change in

gene frequency (genetic drift, gene flow, genetic load). 4 class hours

Unit-4: Continental drift; parallel, divergent and convergent evolution; endemism and adaptive

radiation 4 class hours

Major Course XIV (Practical): Based on Course XIII Marks: 40, 15 class hours

5. Polytene chromosome of chironomus or Drosophila larvae.

6. Simple calculation based on Mendel’s monohybrid/dihybrid cross/test cross.

7. Study of chromosomal slides of suitable materials.

8. Study of materials/organisms of evolutionary significance (rocks, fossils and connecting

links)



1. Slide preparation of chromosome 10

2. Simple genetic calculation 5

3. Spotting (chromosomal slides & materials of evolutionary importance) 10 4.

Practical record book 5

5. Viva voce 10

Total 40

Major Course XV (Th): Mammalian Physiology 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to provide knowledge on the physiological mechanisms of mammals.

Mammalian Physiology

Unit-1: Muscle and its contraction- molecular composition of myofilaments; sarcoplasmic reticulum

and T- tubules; mechanism of muscle contraction; characteristic of muscle twitch- isometric

and isotonic contractions; summation and tetanus. 6 class hours

Unit-2: Digestion- site and sequence of digestion; digestive secretions and their regulation;

mechanism of digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids; role of gastro-

intestinal hormones, balanced diet 5 class hours

Unit-3: Excretion- structure and functions of nephron; renal blood supply; mechanism and regulation

of urine formation; renal failure and dialysis 4 class hours

Unit-4: Circulation- coronary circulation; origin and conduction of cardiac impulse; cardiac cycle;

cardiac output and its regulation; disorders of cardio-vascular system; haemostasis;

respiration- structure and functions of haemoglobin; O2 and CO2 transport by blood;

regulation of respiration; carbon monoxide poisoning. 7 class hours

Unit-5: Nervous system- neurons, resting membrane potential and its basis, action potential and its

propagation in myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibre; types of synapses and synaptic

transmission; neuro-transmitters- their release and action; neuro-muscular junction; types of

reflexes; reflex activity; reflex arc; physiology of vision. 7 class hours

Unit –6: Drug addiction and its physiological effects; socio-biological aspects of genesis of drug

addiction, stimulants and depressants, physiological and social implications. 6 class hours

Major Course XVI (Practical):Based on Course V Marks: 40, 15 class hours

1. Determination of R.Q. of cockroach/Goroi fish.

2. Recording of heart beat of frog by kymograph.

3. Preparation of haemin crystals.

4. Demonstration of knee jerk reflex.

5. Demonstration of osmosis using toad/frog urinary, bladder/alimentary canal.

6. Recording of muscle twitch.

7. Qualitative test of salivary amylase.

8. RBC and WBC counting by haemocytometer.



1. Physiological experiment I 10

2. Physiological experiment II (blood) 10

3. Demonstration 5


5. Viva voce 10

Total 40

Major Course XVII (Th): Environmental Biology and Wildlife Biology (40 + 20) = 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course focuses on the structural and functional interrelationship of animal kingdom with other components of nature and conservation strategies for conservation of wildlife.

Environmental Biology Marks: 40

Unit-1: Concepts pertaining to ecosystem, species, community, biome and ecotone; biotic and abiotic

environmental factors and their effect on animals; trophic relations and energy flow.

5 class hours

Unit-2: Shelfords law of tolerance; concept of productivity; population structure and dynamics;

exponential and logistic growth; r and k strategies and multidimensional niche concept;

Lotka-Volterra model; natality and mortality; predation and predator – prey system.

6 class hours

Unit-3: Biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and hydrological cycles) 3 class hours

Unit-4: Renewable and non-renewable resources of N.E. India and strategy for their sustainable

utilization; basic concept of remote sensing and EIA 5 class hours

Unit-5: Environmental pollution (water, air and soil); bioindicators in pollution studies; ecological

succession; ecological backlash; greenhouse effect; ozone layer depletion and its impact.

4 class hours

Wildlife Biology Marks: 20

Unit-1: Important endangered species of N.E. India - rhinoceros, pangolin, golden langur, dancing

deer, river dolphin, pigmy hog and white winged wood duck. 6 class hours

Unit-2: Threats to biodiversity; ex-situ and insitu conservation strategies; major national parks of NE

India; concept of biosphere reserve and biodiversity hot spot; Indian Wildlife Protection Act,

1972. 6 class hours

Major Course XVIII (Practical):Based on Course XVII Marks: 40, 15 class hours

1. Estimation of the size of the population by capture-recapture method (any

vertebrate/invertebrate).

2. Find out the abundance and density of insect pests in some essential food commodities.

3. Determination of dissolved Oxygen/CO2 /Alkalinity in the water samples.

4. Find out the abundance and densities of terrestrial invertebrates/macrophyte associated fauna

by Quadrate method.

5. Study of structural components of an aquatic/ grassland ecosystem

6. Field study: To visit a National park/ Wildlife Sanctuary to study the habitat/ forest types and

prepare a full note on it.

7. Project work (to be evaluated in 6th

semester)



1. Ecological experiment 10

2. Estimation 10

3. Field study 10


5. Viva voce 5

Total 40

Major Course XIX (Th): Endocrinology Marks: 60

Objective of the course: The course focuses on the basic knowledge of endocrine glands of animals and their functions.

Unit-1: Comparative anatomy of pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and pancreas in fish, amphibia, birds and

mammals and hormones secreted by them. 8 class hours

Unit-2: Hormones secreted by endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and pancreas) and their

functions in human 6 class hours

Unit-3: General characters of hormones; mechanism of action of hormones; regulation of hormone

secretion; hypothalamo-hypophysial system; disorders associated with hypo and hyper

secretion of hormones 8 class hours

Unit-4: Roles of hormones in reproductive cycle, pregnancy, parturition and lactation; methods of

contraception; amniocentesis and IVF. 8 class hours

Unit-5: Neuroendocrine system in insects; role of hormones in growth and development of insects.

5 class hours

Major Course XX (Practical): Based on Course IX Marks: 40, 15 class hours

1. Histological preparation of thyroid, adrenal, pancreas and gonads.

2. Dissect and display the following endocrine gland in fish/rat: pituitary, thyroid, adrenal

3. Study of permanent slides of endocrine glands

4. Submission of chart/models related to endocrinology



1. Dissect and display of endocrine gland 10

2. Stained slide preparation 5

3. Spotting 6

4. Submission 4


6. Viva voce 10

Total 40

SEMESTER VI

Major Course XXI (Th): Parasitology and Ethology (30 + 30) = 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the students with the complex interaction between animals and their social interrelationship.

Parasitology Marks: 30

Unit-1: Parasitism; types of parasites, hosts and vectors; pasasitic adaptations and effects on hosts.

3 class hours

Unit-2: General organizations and pathogenosity of bacteria & viruses (Rickettsia,

Borrelia,Treponema & Leptospira). 5 class hours

Unit-3: Life history and mode of infection and pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica Trypanosoma

spp., Leishmania donovanii, Giardia intestinalis, Trichomonas vaginalis & Plasmodium spp.

6 class hours

Unit-4: Life history, parasitic adaptation and pathogenicity of Taenia solium, Fasciola hepatica,

Ancylostoma duodenale and Wuchereria bancrofti. 4 class hours

Unit-5: Vectors of human diseases- Malaria, Yellow fever, dengue, haemorrhagic fever, filariasis,

Japanese B-encephalitis & dengue; measures of control of the vectors. 4 class hours

Ethology Marks: 25

Unit-1: Introduction to animal behaviour; brief history of ethology; patterns of behaviour; sense

organs and behaviour; genetical and ecological aspects of behaviour. 5 class hours

Unit-2: Different types of orientation and communication in animals. 3 class hours

Unit-3: Comparative aspects of learning, offensive and defensive behaviour; social behaviour in

insects. 5 class hours

Major Course XXII (Practical): Based on course XXI Marks: 40, 15 class hours

1. Identification of mosquito species causing malaria, encephalitis and dengue fever.

2. Study of protozoan parasites (permanent slides)

3. Study of taxis behaviour of Paramecium/earthworm/cockroach.

4. Study of habituation in mosquito larvae.



1.Parasitology 15

2. Ethology 10


4. Viva voce 10

Total 40

Major Course XXIII (Th): Molecular Biology and Immunology (30 + 30) = 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to focus on development of molecular aspects and immunological concepts in animal science.

Immunology Marks: 30

Unit-1. Concept of immunology- types of immunity; cells and organs involved in immunity; antigen-

antibody reaction; Lymphoid organs 4 class hours

Unit – 2. Antigens: properties of antigens, adjuvant and haptens, vaccines, vaccinations and

immune response. 4 class hours

Unit – 3. .Immunoglobulin: basic structure, classes and functions, clonal selection theory,

polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, major histocompatibility complex: structure

and functions 4 class hours

Unit 4. Immune system in health and disease: basic concept of immunodiagnostic techniques

(immunodiffusion, RIA and ELISA), immunodeficiency and Autoimmune disorders, AIDS.

5 class hours

Molecular Biology Marks: 30

Unit – 1. Nucleic Acids, DNA as genetic material, structure and functions of DNA & RNA,

Watson & Crick Model of DNA, other forms of DNA (A & Z). 4 class hours

Unit 2.Replication of DNA- prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Transcriptions in prokaryotes and

eukaryotes. 4 class hours Unit 3. Features of genetic code wobble hypothesis, protein biosynthesis in prokaryotes and


Unit 4. Recombination in Prokaryotes; Transformation, Conjunction and Transduction;

Genome organization in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Concept of Transposons and

Plasmids. 4 class hours

Unit 5. Regulation of Gene Epression in Prokaryotes- Operon concept (Lac) 2 class hours

Major Course XXIV (Pr): Based on course XXIII Marks: 40, 15 class hours

1. Determination of blood group and Rh factor

2.Preparation of ball and stick model of Nucleotides.

3.Detection / estimation of RNA.

4.Immunodiffusion / Blood groping (Ag.Ab. reaction).

5. Study of Blood Cell types in blood smear slides.

6. Histology of Lymphoid organ.



1.Molecular biology 15

2. Immunology 10


6. Viva voce 10

Total 40

Major Course XXV (Th): Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (30 + 30) = 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to introduce the students with the basic knowledge of biochemistry & bioinformatics.

Biotechnology Marks: 30

Unit-1.Introduction, history and scope, basic knowledge of genetic engineering, protoplast fusion

and somatic hybridization technique. 3 class hours

Unit –2. Basic principles of recombinant DNA technology, cutting, joining and visualization

of DNA fragments, cloning vectors and gene cloning; application of DNA technology

in agriculture and health; industrial biotechnology with special reference to production

of alcohol and antibiotics. 5 class hours

Unit 3. Introduction of Omics: basic concept of structural and functional genomics, DNA

sequencing, Human genome project; introduction to proteomics and transcriptomics.

4 class hours

Unit 4. Regulation of biotechnology: production and application of transgenic animals and

plsnts, Genetically modified Organism, their benefits and risk assessment; IPR, patents

and ethical issues related to biotechnology. 4 class hours

Bioinformatics Marks: 30

Unit-1. Fundamentals of bioinformatics: introduction, history and scope of bioinformatics; sources of

information, internet world wide web and web brousers. 3 class hours

Unit-2. Biological database: introduction, basic concepts of primary and secondary

databases; Nuclic acid and protein sequence database (NCBI, gene bank and SWISS-

PROT); Data mining and data mining tools (ENTREZ). 5 class hours

Unit 3. Database search and sequence alignment, Tools of sequence alignment – FASTA and

BLAST; methods of sequence alignment. 4 class hours

Unit 4. Phylogenetic analysis: basic concept, steps in evaluation of phylogeny and

constructing phylogenetic trees. 4 class hours

Major Course XXVI (Practical): Based on course XXV Marks: 40, 15 class hours

1.Different e-resources and database search.

2.Similarity search in sequence such as BLAST / FASTA.

3.Creation of databases.

4.Submission of charts and models etc.



1.Biotechnology 15

2. Bioinformatics 10


4. Viva voce 10

Total 40

Major Course XXVII (Th): Economic Zoology Marks: 60

Objective of the course: The main objective of this course is to focus on the utilizations of animal resources for human welfare.

Unit-1: Major insect pests of paddy, tea and stored grains and their biology. 5 class hours

Unit-2: Life histories of silkworm (eri, muga and mulberry); culture technique of silkworms;

diseases of silkworms and its prevention 5 class hours

Unit-3: Life history of honey bee (Apis india); rearing techniques of honeybee; Biology and

culture of lac insect. 5 class hours

Unit-4: Pest management- chemical, cultural and biological; integrated pest management. 4 cl hrs

Unit-5: Principles and practices in aquaculture; fish and prawn culture; preparation and management

of different types of ponds for fish culture; induced breeding and hybridization technique in

fishes; fish preservation methods; fish by-products. 6 class hours

Unit-6: Piggery: management and practices of pig rearing; poultry: selection of breed (chicken and

duck) and their scientific rearing methods; poultry diseases and its prevention/control. 6 cl hrs.

Major Course XXVIII (Pr): Based on course XXVII Marks: 40, 15 class hours

1. Identification of silkworms (eri, muga & mulberry), immature and adult stages.

2. Submission of life cycles of eri/ muga/ mulberry silkworms.

3. Study of important pests of paddy, tea plants and stored grains and their submission.

4. Identification of economically important fish and prawn available locally.

5. Identification of common aquatic weeds, plankton and insects.

6. Demonstration of induced breeding in fish



1.Collection ,identification,morphology etc. 15

2. Nutrient analysis etc. 10


4. Viva voce 10

Total 40 marks

***PROJECT WORK: Topic of the project may be given in the SEMESTER-V and the report

based on proper methodology and statistically correlated data should be submitted for evaluation at

the time of SEMESTER-VI practical examination.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. A manual of Zoology Part I.: L. Ayyar.

2. A Manual of Zoology Part II : E. Ayyar.

3. A Text and reference book : Taxonomy: R.E. Blackwelder, John Wiley, N.Y. 1967.

4. Animal Taxonomy : N.T.J. Bailey, English Language Society, 1959.

5. Biochemistry.:K. Trechan, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.

6. Biological Chemistry : H.R. Mahler & E.H. Cordes.

7. Biology of Human Reproduction : R. Pritom, University Science Books.

8. Cell & Molecular Biology: E.D. P. De Roberts & E.M.F. De Roberts.

9. Cell Biology : E.D.P. Roberts, W. Nowiski & F. Saez, W.B. Saunders Co. London.

10. Cell Physiology : A.C.C. Giese, Boxwood, 1975.

11. Chordate Zoology : S.N. Prasad, Kitab Mahal.

12. Comparative anatomy of Chordates : E.K. Weiohert, McGraw Hill, NY.

13. Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates : G.C. Kent and R.K. Carr, Tata McGraw Hill.

14. Concept of Ecology : B.J. Kormondy, Prantice Hall, ND 1976.

15. Concept of Insect Control : M.R. Ghose, Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi 1989.

16. Developmental Biology : S.F. Gilbert, Sinaeur Associates Inc. Publishers, 2003.

17. Elementary statistics with application in Medicine and Biological Sciences.:E.E. Croxton,

Doner publication.

18. Elements of Cytology : Cohn Haucourt.

19. Entomology & Pest Management : L.P. Pedigo, Prentice Hall, New Delhi, 1996.

20. Environmental Science : W.P. Cunninghum & B.W. Saigo, McGraw hill. 1989.

21. Evolution : M. Ridely, Blackwell Science, USA, 1996.

22. Evolution of Vertebrate : Colbert.

23. Functions of Human Body : A.C. Guiton, 6th Edn. W.B. Saunders Co. Tokyo.

24. Fundamental of Ecology: B.P. Odum, W.B. Saunders, Toftan Co. Tokyo

25. Fundamentals of Ecology : Eugene, P. Oduen, W.B. Saunders 1971.

26. Genetics : A.M. Winester, Oxford & IBH.

27. Genetics : M.W. Strickburger, Mc Millan, NY 1968.

28. Immunology: Introduction Book : N. Shetty, New Age International, 1996.

29. Introduction to Evolution : P.A. Mody, Harper & Raw, NY 1964.

30. Introduction to Parasitology : A.C. Chandler & C.P. Read, Wiley Easte Prittd.

31. Medical Parasitology : D.R. Arota & B. Arora.

32. Modern Text Book of invertebrate Zoology : R. L. Kotpal, A. Agarwal & Khetrapal.

33. Molecular Cell Biology : H. Lodish et al, W.H. Freeman & Co. Tokyo.

34. Organic Evolution : R.S. Lull, Light & Life Publishers, New Delhi, 1976..

35. Outline of Biochemistry : B.E.E. Conn & E.H. Cordes.

36. Physiology of Reproduction : E. Knobil (eds), Raven Press Ltd.

37. Principles of Gene Manipulation : T.O. Primrose, Blackwell, Oxford, 2003.

38. Principles of Genetics : E.J. Gardner, John Wiley, N.Y. 1972.

39. Principles of Systematic Zoology : E. Mayer, McGrew Hill, NY, 1969.

40. Reproduction in Mammals : C.R. Austin and R.V. Shoot; Cambridge Univ. Press.

41. Text Book of Histology : K. Garg, I. Bahl & M.A. Kaul, CBS publishers.

42. Text Book of Zoology (Vertebrates): T.J. Parker & W.A. Haswall; ELBS & McMillan, 1995.

43. Text Book of Zoology Vol. I Invertebrates: A.J. Marshall & W.D. Williams

44. The Living Body: A Text Book of Human Physiology : C.H. & N.B. Taylor.

45. Zoology : S.A. Miller & J.B. Harley, Tata McGraw Hill Publ. Co.

46. Zoology of Chordates: E.L. Jordan.