Designing a Drop-in Hydrogen Fueling Station 2014 Hydrogen Student Design Contest
Long Beach, CA May 8, 2014
In this presentation… 1. Project Scope 2. Customer Attributes 3. Liquid H2 Delivery 4. Station Design 5. User Interface 6. Safety Features 7. Site Logistics 8. Economic Analysis
• Low cost – current H2 stations are $2- 4 million each • Hydrogen delivered for $7/kg • Fuel 2 vehicles simultaneously, 25 vehicles per day • 5 minute fill time for 700 bar, 5 kg fuel tank • Transportable • Low maintenance • Operated and monitored remotely • Hydrogen storage should withstand 48 hr shutdown
2014 HYDROGEN STUDENT DESIGN CONTEST
DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN FOR A DROP-IN HYDROGEN FUELING STATION TO SUPPORT THE EARLY MARKET BUILD-OUT OF HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE
Key Rules and Guidelines:
Design with the Customer in Mind
Low Cost No Maintenance
=
Compact
Bring in Customers Profit
Why Liquid Hydrogen Delivery?
• Lowest cost
• Low energy demand
• Minimizes equipment
• Utilizes thermal properties
4 times the density of delivered gas
• Existing infrastructure
80-90% of all non-pipeline H2 delivered by cryogenic liquid tankers.1
1 Technology Transition Corporation (TTC). (22 March 2010). Hydrogen and Fuel Cells: The U.S. Market Report.
Image from www.worldindustrialreporter.com
liquid H2 gaseous H2
Designing a Drop-in Hydrogen Fuel Station
• Safety!
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Image from www.horizonfuelcell.com
Image from www.chartindustries.com
• Liquid H2 Storage
• Autogenous Pressurization
• Hydrogen Boil-off
• Transportability
25%
100%
100%
75%
90%
100%
65% 50% 0%
93%
Remote Operator Interface
Customer Interface
Customer Interface
Safety Systems
Pressure
Relief
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Image from www.swagelok.com
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Images from www.firelite.com
Image from www.industrialfansdirect.com
Ventilation
Fire/Emergency Systems Explosion Relief
Image from www.horizonfuelcell.com
Continuous Monitoring
Image from www.xicomputer.com
Site Logistics •Located on WSU campus •Existing gasoline station on-site •Easy access for vehicles and refuelers •Meets Washington Administrative Code •Fire resistant walls reduce setback distances
Pump 1 Pump 2
Equipment
Top View
Economic Analysis • Explicit and implicit costs considered:
– Fixed cost = $423,000 (all equipment)
– Monthly costs = $735 (power, water, maintenance – demand dependent)
– Discount rate
– Risk premium for the owner
• Price (P) model [$/kg] – Monthly Demand (D)
– Rate of Return (RR)
Required Return Monthly Demand (kg)
Price ($/kg)
Price per 5 kg or 300 miles ($)
10% 3000 11.31 56.55
30% 3000 11.62 58.10
10% 6000 9.62 48.10
30% 6000 9.78 48.90
Economics – Results
20003000
40005000
6000Demand per Month
0.00.2 0.4
Required Rate of Return
10
12
14
16
Price
(kg)
($/kg)
Economics – Results
Conclusion
• Total equipment cost = $423,000
• Utilizes established liquid hydrogen infrastructure
• Autogenous pressurization
• System designed to be inherently safe
• This design could be built today!
Thank You