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Developing theoretical /
Conceptual framework
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THEORY
A theory can be defined as an integral
set of concepts and statements that
presents a view of a phenomenon thatcan be used to describe, explain,
predict, and control that phenomenon
A theory is a set of concepts andprepositions that provide an orderly
way to view a phenomenon
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A theory is a set of interrelated
construct, definitions & propositions
that present a systematic view ofphenomenon by specifying relations
among variables with the purpose of
explaining and predicting thephenomenon.
Kelinger,1973
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Components of a Traditional theory
1.Concepts are the basic ingredients in the
formulation of a theory
Eg: nursing Concepts- adaptation,
health, anxiety, nurse- client interaction,
social support
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2. Theories comprise of a set of
statements or propositions (plan of
action), each of which indicates arelationships among the concepts
Eg: relationships are denoted by
associated with varies directly with
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3. Propositions must form a logically
interrelated deductive system
Eg: general to specific, new statementsfrom original propositions
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Conceptual Framework
Is a symbolic representation of some
phenomenon
Helps explain the relationship betweenconcepts, but being based on one theory,
links concepts selected from several theories,
from previous research results or from
researchers own experience
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Theoretical framework
A framework is a brief explanation of
theory or those portions of a theory which
are to be tested in a quantitative study
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Nature And Characteristics of theories
(Types)
Grand theories
Middle- range theories
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Grand theories
Broad Range
Maslows Hierarchy of need theory
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Middle- range theories
Less abstract & narrower in scope than grand
theories.
Health belief theory
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Purposes & uses of theories, models,
Frameworks
Building blocks of research study
Provide a conceptual context
Used to describe, explain, predict & prescribea phenomenon.
Guide & generate ideas for research
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Uses/ Purposes Make research findings meaningful &
generalizable
Theories allow researchers to knit togetherobservations & facts into an orderly scheme.
Theories, models can guide the researchersunderstanding of why & what of a phenomena
They provide basis for predicting the occurrenceof a phenomena
Stimulate research & the extension ofknowledge by providing both direction &impetus
May serve as a springboard for scientificadvances
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Developing theoretical / Conceptual
framework
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Steps
1. Identification of the general concepts
2. Gathering relevant information
3. Formulation of general scheme of relevantconcepts
4. Development of a logical construct
5. Evaluation and revision6. Establishment of the congruity
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Identification of the general concepts
Based on the study variables
Previous research findings
Existing theories & models
Real life situations, experience
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Gathering relevant information
Read primary sources
Helps understand concepts more
empirically
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Formulation of general scheme of
relevant concepts
Establish general relationship between
the different related & relevant
information Through brainstorming & logical
reasoning
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Development of a logical construct
Construct is highly abstract, complex
description of a phenomenon
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Evaluation and revision
Evaluated for relevance relationship to
conclude or generalize
Revisions made before development of aframework
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Establishment of the congruity
Establish the congruity between conceptual
model & its components, the research
problem, hypothesis, the description of the
concepts, selection of research design
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Testing theory in nursing research
Review various theories that may be
appropriate to examine the identified
problem Select a theory to be tested in the study
Review the literature on this theory
Develop study hypotheses
Define study variables
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Choose study instruments
Describe study findings
Relate study conclusions to the theory
Determine support for the theory
Determine implications for nursing
Make recommendations for future
research