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DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
PRESENTED BY
ADIL ABAID M06 BBA 013
OMAR ABID M06 BBA 032
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CHINACHINA
PAKISTANPAKISTAN
SRI LANKASRI LANKA
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CHINA : A BRIEF OVERVIEWCHINA : A BRIEF OVERVIEW
Area : 9,596,961 sq km
Capital : Beijing
Nationality : Chinese
Location : Eastern Asia
Independence : 1st Oct, 1949
Currency : Yuan
Government type: Communist state
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PAKISTAN: A BRIEF OVERVIEWPAKISTAN: A BRIEF OVERVIEW
Area : 796,095 sq km
Capital : Islamabad
Nationality : Pakistani
Location : South Asia
Currency : Pak rupees
Government type: Federal republic
Independence: 14 Aug, 1947
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SRI LANKA: A BRIEF OVERVIEWSRI LANKA: A BRIEF OVERVIEW
Area : 65,610 sq km
Capital : Colombo
Nationality : Sri Lankan
Location : Southern Asia
Currency : Sri Lankan Rupees
Government Type : Republic
Independence : 4 Feb, 1948
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DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMICDETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENTy ECONOMIC FACTORS
- Natural resources
- Capital formation
- Power- Labor or Human Capital
- Transport & Communication
y
NON ECONOMIC FACTORS- social factors
- political factors
- administrative factors
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NATURAL RESOURCESNATURAL RESOURCES
y CHINA : Coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural
gas, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium.
y PAKISTAN : land, extensive natural gas
reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality
coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone.
SRI LANKA : limestone, graphite, mineral
sands , gems, phosphates, clay, hydropower.
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LABOR OR HUMAN CAPITALLABOR OR HUMAN CAPITAL
(2009)(2009)
COUNTRY POPULATION RANK LABOR
FORCE
RANK
CHINA 1.3 bln 1 812.7 million 1
PAKISTAN 17.5 crore (app) 6 55.88 million 10
SRI LANKA 2.1 crore ( app) 55 8.1 million 56
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BIRTH RATE & LIFE EXPECTANCYBIRTH RATE & LIFE EXPECTANCY
(2009)(2009)
COUNTRY BIRTH
RATE (per
thousand )
RANK LIFE
EXPECTANCY
RANK
CHINA 12.17 164 74.51 92
PAKISTAN 25.89 64 66.2 165
SRI LANKA 16.26 129 74 85
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EDUCATIONEDUCATION (2009)(2009)
COUNTRY LITERACY RATE EDUCATION
EXPE NDITURE (%
OF GDP )
CHINA 90.9 % 1.9 %
PAKISTAN 49.9% 2.6 %
SRI LANKA 90.7% NA
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POVERTYPOVERTY (2009)(2009)COUNTRY BELOW
POVERTY LINE
UNEMPLOYMENT
RATE
RANK
CHINA 2.8% 4.3% 38
PAKISTAN 24% 15.20% 153
SRI LANKA 22% 5.90% 54
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TRANSPORT & COMMUNICATIONTRANSPORT & COMMUNICATION
(2009)(2009)
COUNTRY RAILWAYS RANK ROAD WAYS RANK
CHINA 77,834 KM 3 3,583,715 KM 2
PAKISTAN 7791 KM 28 259,197 KM 20
SRI LANKA 1449 KM 82 97,286 KM 44
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POWERPOWER (2009)(2009)
COUNTRY ELECTRICITY
PRODUCTION
(kWh)
RANK OIL
PRODUCTION
(bbl per day )
RANK
CHINA 3.451 TRILLION 2 3.795 million 4
PAKISTAN 90.8 billion 33 61,870 60
SRI LANKA 9.901 billion 92 0 200
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MEASUREMENTS OFMEASUREMENTS OFECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
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MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENTMILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT
GOALSGOALSy GOAL 1 ) Eradicate extreme power & hunger
y GOAL 2) Promote gender equality and empower women
y GOAL 3 ) Achieve universal primary education
y GOAL 4 ) Reduce Child Mortality Rate
y GOAL 5) Improve maternal health
y GOAL 6 ) Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
y GOAL 7 ) Ensure environmental sustainability
y
GOAL 8 ) Develop a global partnership for development
China has achieved most of the millennium development
goals while Pakistan and Sri Lanka are far behind
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QUALITY OF LIFE INDEXQUALITY OF LIFE INDEX (2009)(2009)
FACTORS WEIGHTAGE
Cost of living 10%
Economy 15%
Freedom 10%
Infrastructure 10%
Climate 10%
Culture & leisure 10%
Environment 10%
Health 10%
Safety & Risk 10%
COU NTRY SCORE
CHINA 54
PAKISTAN 41
SRI LANKA 52
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HDI INDEXHDI INDEX (2009)(2009)
COUNTRY RANK
CHINA 92
PAKISTAN 141
SRI LANKA 102
HDI puts human development at the centre of
the economic development
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GDPGDP (2009)(2009)
COUNTRY GDP (PPP)
$
RANK GDP PER
CAPITA (PPP)
$
RANK
CHINA 8,789 trillion 3 6600 128
PAKISTAN 449.3 bln 28 2600 171
SRI LANKA 96.46 bln 69 4500 148
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GDPGDP-- COMPOSITION BYCOMPOSITION BY
SECTORSECTOR (2009)(2009)
COUNTRY AGRICLUTURE INDUSTRY SERVICES
CHINA 10.9% 10.8% 40.5%
PAKISTAN 20.8% 24.3% 54.9%
SRI LANKA 12.8% 29.2% 58%
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INFLATION RATEINFLATION RATE (2009)(2009)
COUNTRY INFLATION RATE RANK
CHINA -0.8% 9
PAKISTAN 14.20 % 211
SRI LANKA 3.40% 107
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INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTIONINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
GROWTH RATEGROWTH RATE (2009)(2009)
COUNTRY INDUSTIAL
PRODUCTION
GROWTH RATE
RANK MAJOR INDUSTRIES
CHINA 8.1% 8 mining and ore processing,electronics, transportation
equipment, machine building
PAKISTAN -3.6% 101 textiles and apparel, food
processing, pharmaceuticals,
construction materials, paper
products, fertilizer, shrimp
SRI LANKA -0.9% 75 processing of rubber, tea,
coconuts, tourism
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IMPORTS & EXPORTSIMPORTS & EXPORTS (2009)(2009)
COUNTRY EXPORTS($) IMPORTS($)
CHINA 1.194 TRILLION 92.5 BLN
PAKISTAN 17.87 BLN 28.31 BLN
SRI LANKA 7 BLN 9.6 BLN
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CHALLENGES AND FUTURECHALLENGES AND FUTURE
PROSPECTSPROSPECTS
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CHINA (CHINA ( reasons for highreasons for high
development)development)
y Rapidly growing private sector
y The opening to foreign trade and
investment
y Huge state investment in in infrastructure
and heavy industry
y foreign trade as a major vehicle for
economic growth
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CHALLENGESCHALLENGES
y sustaining adequate job growth for tens of
millions of migrants and new entrants to
the work force
y reducing corruption and other economic
crimes
y containing environmental damage related
to the economy's rapid transformation
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SRI LANKA ( reasons for lowSRI LANKA ( reasons for low
development )development )
y Increased violence and lawlessness in the
country has hindered the progress
y high budget deficits
y high debt interest payments,
y fundamental policy failures and structural
imbalances in the economy
y Low industrial sector growth
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HURDLES IN THE WAY OFHURDLES IN THE WAY OF
PAKISTANS ECONOMICPAKISTANS ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT
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ECONOMIC OBSTACLESECONOMIC OBSTACLES
y Non availability & under-utilization of
resources
y Poverty
y Inefficient trade & Commerce
y Weak Infrastructure facilities
y Weak Economic structure
y Unfavorable Foreign Economic Affairs
y Capital Flight
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SOCIAL HURLDESSOCIAL HURLDES
y ILLITERACY
y POPULATION PRESSURE
y LACK OF HUMAN CAPITAL
y GENERATION GAP
y CONSERVATIVENESS
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ADMINISTRATIVE OBSTACLESADMINISTRATIVE OBSTACLES
y USE OF AUTHORITIES
y CORRUPTION
y FAVOURITISM
y RED TAPISM
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POLITICAL HURLDESPOLITICAL HURLDES
y RAPID CHANGE OF GOVERNMENT
y POLITICAL CHOAS
y POLITICS & INVESTMENT
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SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS
y reduction of debt burden
y Improvement in public expenditure
management
y restructuring the economy to enhance
the efficiency of the agriculture and
manufacturing sectors
y achievement of self-sufficiency in foody direct foreign investment
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BibliographyBibliography
y CIA world fact book
y Wikipedia
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THANKSTHANKS