Development of international standardized approach for Eco-Industrial Parks
Mr. Smail EL HILALI, UNIDO, Austria
Development of international standardized approach for Eco-Industrial
Parks
Smail ALHILALISIA 2017
15 March 2017
Rabat, Morocco
Definition: Eco-Industrial Park
“… is a community of manufacturing and service businesses located on common property. Members seek enhanced environmental, economic and social performance
through collaboration in managing environmental and resource issues.”(Lowe 1997)
Global spread-out of Eco-Industrial Parks
Source: World Bank, 2015
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Cu
mu
lati
ve n
um
be
r o
f EI
Ps
Non-OECD OECD
Eco-industrial parks: Global Assessment
China 6
Cambodia 2
Colombia 2
Morocco 2
India 6
Egypt 2
Viet Nam 2
South Africa 3
Peru 3
Tunisia 2El Salvador 2
Costa Rica 1
Objective Document and assess EIP and alike developments in developing and
emerging economies: 13 countries, 33 industrial parks, 12 policy assessments
Eco-industrial parks: Global Assessment - Findings
EIP is a valid approach for scaling up resource efficiency and cleaner
production in industrial zones in developing and emerging
economies!
However:
EIPs mean different things to different people
Practice does not yet match ambition
Process based interpretation appears most useful
Good practice elements exist, yet need of a standardized
approach in planning, development and management of
industrial parks.
From Industrial Park towards Eco-Industrial Park
Service Provision
Stakeholder Engagement
Key components of Eco-Industrial Parks
Company level
resource
efficiency and
cleaner
production
Industrial
symbiosis
and synergies
Collective park
level
infrastructure
and utility
services
Spatial
planning and
zoning
Park
management
Integration with
local community
and natural
environment
Material use - Energy - Water
Waste - Emissions
Key Components of Eco-Industrial Parks
Development stage
Fully developed(Brownfield)
Not yet developed(Greenfield)
Park area
Large area(> 1000 ha)
Small area(< 200 ha)
Industry sectors
Companies from multiple sectors
Companies from one or
few sectors
Technology development
High tech
Low tech
Type of activity
Production & manufacturing
Commercial services
Specific mission
Definedresource recovery
services
Not clearly defined
Intensity ofcollaboration
High intensity of collaboration
Low intensity of collaboration
Defined industrial area
Dedicated industrial zone
Integrated industrial-urban
area
Different Types of Eco-Industrial Parks
Waste ManagementRecycling industriesEnvironmental servicesEnergy servicesCorporate Social Responsibility
Industrial Park levelCity level
Collective RECP solutions
Operation & Management of: Common Infrastructures Resources Supply (Water,
Energy, Materials) Environmental & Social
Services
Individual RECP solutions
Resource Efficiency & Cleaner Production: Materials efficiency Water efficiency Energy efficiency
Industrial SymbiosisUrban Symbiosis
Eco-Industrial Parks and sustainable cities
Company level
Eco industrial park benefits for cities and industries
Reduced use of raw materials, water and energy
Minimized GHG emissions, reduced release of chemicals
Reduced waste through resource circularity
Shared recycling facilities
Improved competitiveness and profitability
Creation of good-quality jobs
Improved workers health and safety
Increased quality of life for communities
Better access to new technologies and finances
Beneficiaries
Environment
Industries Cities
Authorities
Eco industrial parks: towards a standardized approach“… need for process standards for all industrial parks and performance standards for eco-industrial parks”
Joint cooperation Towards a common framework
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Time-line of joint cooperation
EIP: Performance Assessment Scheme Work in Progress
Compliance with national regulations
An Eco-Industrial Park, as a collective entity and its residing companies, should be in compliance with all national and local level laws, regulations and standards that are set in scope of environmental and social management.
In general, the compliance provisions are explicitly detailed in the environmental and social impact assessment of the industrial park
The compliance with national regulations is the baseline for an industrial park to apply for becoming an eco-industrial park.
It is recognised that compliance and enforcement levels can vary between countries. Therefore, in countries where regulatory frameworks have not yet fully matured, compliance refers also international conventions applicable to the park and its residing companies.
Examples of compliance regimes
National regulations on environment National regulations on social aspects
• Air emission limits (e.g. SOx, NOx, particulate matter);
• Water discharge limits (e.g. heavy metals, COD, BOD, pH);
• Waste management (e.g. labeling, storage, contaminants, treatment requirements, hazardous waste handling restrictions);
• Noise limits (e.g. maximum and ambient noise levels in Decibels);
• Protection of natural environments and biodiversity (e.g. sensitive marine environments, native forests, flora and fauna);
• Labour laws/regulations (e.g. working hours, child labour);
• Occupational Health and Safety (e.g. protective clothing and equipment, safety features of machines);
• Human rights (including women rights);
• Protection of indigenous people (e.g. Traditional, Tribal and other land-connected people);
• Anti-corruption (e.g. access to information, accountability, bribery, conflict of interest);
• Violence and crime prevention (e.g. cybercrimes, theft, violence against women, children, elderly);
EIP: Performance Assessment Scheme
Key components and requisites of Eco-Industrial Parks:
i) Park management structure;
ii) Spatial planning and zoning;
iii) Company level resource efficiency and cleaner production;
iv) Industrial symbiosis and synergies;
v) Shared utility services, environment and social infrastructures;
vi) Integration with local community and natural environment.
Economic, environmental, social performance criteria:
• Performance impacts refer to beneficial or adverse changes to the environment, society, economy, wholly or partially resulting from industrial park activities including park management and companies operating in the park.
EIP key components and requisites
Assessment Topics Sub-topics
Components and requisites
Park management structure Distinct park management unit, risk, accident, incident management, stakeholder dialogue, knowledge sharing and facilitation between companies, maintenance management, establishment of companies in park, training
Spatial planning and zoning Location of industrial park, Master Plan, land allocation to integrated and shared facilities, service and utility corridors
Company level resource efficiency and cleaner production
Company level efforts and commitment
Industrial symbiosis and synergies Industrial synergies, industry clustering, anchor tenants
Shared utility services, environment and social infrastructures
Essential infrastructure and utilities, public transport, road network
Integration with local community and natural environment
Holistic and integrated process
Work in Progress
EIP Economic performance
Assessment Topics Sub-topics
Economic performance
Feasibility Market demand
Competitiveness Long-term economic diversity, transformation of markets/sectors/technologies
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME)
Development of MSMEs, informal sector
Investment and incentives Investment ready park for companies, incentives for green and sustainable industries
Work in Progress
EIP Environment performance
Assessment Topics Sub-topics
Environmental performance
Management and monitoring systems Environment management system, energy management system
Energy Energy efficiency, renewable energy
Climate change and greenhouse gases Carbon intensity, climate change adaptation
Water Water supply, water treatment, water circularity
Materials use Dangerous and toxic materials, use of locally and responsibly produced materials
Waste Waste management, waste generation, waste and by-products reuse
Natural environment Native vegetation, reticulation, natural drainage systems, open space
Built form Building standards
Subdivision works Construction materials, earthworks
Work in Progress
EIP Social performanceAssessment Topics Sub-topics
Social performance
Management and monitoring systems Social data management system, OH&S management system
Employment Local jobs, type of employment, housing for workers
Grievance management Petition and complaints
Working and labour conditions Working hours, trade Unions and NGOs, road and traffic safety, rest and lunch-time areas for workers
Gender equality Gender equity, gender needs, entrepreneurship, maternity leave
Security and crime Park security
Social infrastructure Social infrastructure for workers, social infrastructure for local community
Local community well-being and outreach Community services, resettlement of communities
Culture and heritage Heritage sites, historical names
Work in Progress
EIP: Bronze, Silver & Gold requirements
Aim: to achieve a balance between developing a meaningful level of requirements and indicators that can appropriately distinguish genuine Eco-Industrial Parks from “traditional” or poorly performing industrial parks.
Structure of the requirements:
Topics: key topics and sub-topics which are considered relevant as components/ requisites of Eco-Industrial Parks and their environmental, social and economic performance.
Criteria: performance indicators for each of the (sub-) topics, including clarification if the indicator is applicable to greenfield and/or brownfield industrial park.
Requirements: minimum (bronze level), silver and gold performance level requirements for each indicator.
Work in Progress
Defining the specific requirements for EIPs
Focus on key environmental, social, and economic impacts, rather than focusing on very detailed requirements which may differ per industrial park
Key focus on “compliance +” types of indicators as compliance with national and local regulations should be the minimum requirements for all industrial parks
Aim for maximum three indicators per (sub-) topic in order to keep indicator set practical and manageable
Include indicators which can be monitored, managed or influenced by the park management or companies in the industrial park
Consider data availability, measurability and confidentiality. Indicators should not extensively burden the park operator entity or companies
Achieve a balance of qualitative and quantitative indicators
Work in Progress
EIP: Bronze level
Topic
(EIP components and
requisites)
Sub-topic Greenfield and/or
brownfield?
Situations when indicator may
not be applicable
Performance indicator MINIMUM
REQUIREMENT?
(EIP - BRONZE)
Distinct park
management unit
Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions A distinct unit is responsible for the management of the industrial park.
• Managing the industrial park property
• Managing the group of companies in park
• Engagement with park stakeholders
Yes
Risk, accident, incident
management
Brownfield No exclusions Functioning system(s) in place on risk, accident, and incident management in park
• Based on Plan-Do-Check-Act management system principles
• Including monitoring risks, accidents and incidents
• Including emergency preparedness, response plan, and practice drills
• Covering risks, hazards and emergencies to people and environment
• Including engagement with key external stakeholders (e.g. emergency services, local government agencies)
Yes
Stakeholder dialogue Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions A dedicated unit/personnel engages in stakeholder consultations including local citizens, government officials, workers and company
representatives to take on board respective goals and visions and serves in an advisory function to the management
• Formalised stakeholder dialogue processes for government agencies and local community are in place for park planning and operation
Yes
Knowledge sharing and
facilitation between
companies
Brownfield No exclusions Park management to pro-actively facilitate knowledge sharing and collaboration between companies in industrial park
• E.g. Resource efficiency and cleaner production, industrial synergies
Yes
Maintenance
management
Brownfield No exclusions Functioning system(s) in place to maintain the facilities and infrastructures in the industrial park, and financing for these services is
ensured
Yes
Company level efforts
and commitment
Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of companies in park which are committed and engaged in resource efficiency and cleaner production (or related practices
and concepts)
25%
Industrial synergies Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of companies in park which are engaged in industrial synergies
• Supply chain, utility, by-product and service synergies
10%
Industry clustering Greenfield No exclusions Master Plan of industrial park incorporates zone clustering of industries to encourage industrial synergy development
• Supply chain, utility, by-product and service synergies
Yes
Integration with local
community and natural
environment
Holistic and integrated
process
Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Industrial park applies holistic planning and design principles integrating environmental, social and economic issues
• Detailed planning process that considers equally environmental, social and economic issues from beginning
Yes
Location of industrial
park
Greenfield No exclusions A site selection study has been undertaken to select optimal location of industrial park which meets economic development objectives
while also considering risks to the environment and society
Yes
Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions A Master Plan for industrial park has been developed which includes following core elements:
• Land zoning and industry precincts
• Infrastructure and utilities
• Transport network
• Environmental and social considerations
Yes
Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Master Plan of Industrial park incorporates industry precincts and appropriate buffer zones to minimise risks to environment and local
community
• E.g. Appropriate safe location of industries with higher risk profile in park
• E.g. Avoid co-locaton of incompatible industries next to each other
Yes
Essential infrastructure
and utilities
Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Essential infrastructures and utility services are available and provided to companies in industrial park
• Security of energy and water supply (e.g. at least for 5 days per week)
• Water treatment to dispose industrial effluent below regulated thresholds
• Waste facilities to properly collect, store, dispose, recycle different types of wastes generated in park
• Primary road network to service industries in park
Yes
Connectivity Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Industrial park offers good connectivity to relevant transportation routes and networks (e.g. highways, airport, port facilities) Yes
Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Percentage of businesses to be within 1 kilometer of public transport route 50%
Collective park level
infrastructure and utility
services
Company level resource
efficiency and cleaner
production
(SUB) TOPICS CRITERIA REQUIREMENTS
Park management
structure
Master plan
Industrial symbiosis and
synergies
Spatial planning and
zoning
Public transport
Topic Sub-topic Greenfield and/or
brownfield?
Situations when
indicator may not be
applicable
Performance indicator MINIMUM
REQUIREMENT?
(EIP - BRONZE)
Market demand Greenfield No exclusions A feasibility and market demand study has been undertaken to justify the planning and development of
industrial park
Yes
Long-term economic
diversity
Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Functioning system(s) in place to attract and support industries to industrial park that will generate long term
diversified economic benefits to the region
Yes
Development of
MSMEs
Brownfield No exclusions Strategy in place to attract Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) to industrial park and take advantage
of the added-value services and facilities of Eco-Industrial Parks
Yes
CRITERIA REQUIREMENTS
Feasibility
(SUB) TOPICS
Competitiveness
Micro, Small, and
Medium Enterprises
(MSME)
Topic Sub-topic Greenfield and/or
brownfield?
Situations when indicator may
not be applicable
Performance indicator MINIMUM
REQUIREMENT?
(EIP - BRONZE)
Brownfield No exclusions Functioning system(s) in place to collect, monitor, and manage key environmental aspects and impacts relevant to industrial
park
• Natural environment and biodiversity: Pollution hazards, biodiversity, landscaping, drainage
• Waste: Types, amounts, and disposal of wastes produced by companies in park, listing of waste types and designated
disposal practices to assist the identification of by-product connections both within and outside the park.
• Energy: Types and amounts of energy use by companies in park
• Water: Types and amounts of water use by companies in park
• Air emissions: Types and concentrations of air pollutants (e.g. CO, NOx, SO2, PM)
• Dust, noise, odour and light nuisances
Yes
Brownfield No exclusions All companies with significant (potential) environmental impacts and all companies with more than 250 employees in the park
to be certified by ISO 14001 Environmental Management Standard
No
Brownfield No exclusions Program/mechanism in place to set and achieve targets on energy efficiency for the industrial park, including supporting
programs to improve energy efficiencies of tenant companies
Yes
Brownfield No exclusions Total renewable energy use in industrial park relation to national average energy mix At least equal
Climate change
adaptation
Greenfield and
brownfield
Parks which are not
significantly vulnerable to
climate change impacts
Critical infrastructure and services identified and in place for industial park to protect against climate change impacts
• E.g. River embankment, flood protection structures
Yes
Water supply Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Total water demand from companies in industrial park does not have significant negative impact on local water sources or
local communities
• E.g. Extraction from local water sources (e.g. rivers, groundwater) occurs at sustainable levels
Yes
Water treatment Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of manufacturing and processing companies in park that are connected to water treatment and sewer system 50%
Water circularity Brownfield Industrial parks with only light
manufacturing
Percentage of industrial efffuents from companies in park which are reused responsibly within or outside industrial park
• E.g. Reuse by other companies, surround municipalities, irrigation
5%
Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of industrial by-products generated by companies in park which are reused
• Reuse by other companies, neighbouring communities or municipalities
5%
Waste disposal Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of total wastes generated by companies in industrial park going to landfills
• MSW, recyclables, C&D waste, organic waste, industrial by-products, hazardous waste
< 25%
Native vegetation Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Percentage of landscaping in industrial park utilising indigenous native vegetation 50%
Reticulation Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Percentage of landscaping in industrial park utilising fit-for-purpose water sources (non-potable water) 50%
Natural drainage
systems
Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Program/mechanism in place to optimise and maintain natural drainage systems in industrial park Yes
Open space Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Percentage of total area of industrial park allocated to open space
• Drainage areas, biodiversity corridors, conservation areas, recreation areas
2%
Energy
Renewable energy
(SUB) TOPICS CRITERIA REQUIREMENTS
Management and
monitoring systems
Water
Environment
management systems
Climate change and
greenhouse gases
Energy efficiency
Waste
Natural
environment
Waste and by-products
reuse
Topic Sub-topic Greenfield and/or
brownfield?
Situations when indicator
may not be applicable
Performance indicator MINIMUM
REQUIREMENT?
(EIP - BRONZE)
Social management
system
Brownfield No exclusions Functioning system(s) in place to collect, monitor, and manage key social aspects and impacts relevant to industrial park
• OH&S: Number and handling injuries, number near miss reports, number of reported accidents ending up with fatalities,
occupational diseases
• Employment: Total number of jobs, including local jobs
• Grievance management: Short and long-term grievances
• Working and labour conditions
• Gender equity: gender balance
• Security and crime
• Local community well-being
• Road and traffic safety
Yes
OH&S management
system
Brownfield No exclusions All companies in industrial park with more than 250 employees to have an OH&S management system in place (based on
ISO18001 standard) and keep records on rates of injury, occupational diseases and total number of work-related fatalities
Yes
Local jobs Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of total workers employed in industrial park, who are residents of local surrounding municipalities 40%
Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of grievances handled / resolved in relation to total number of grievances submitted to companies and park
management
• Including short-term and long-term grievances
25%
Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of companies in industrial park with code of conductin place to deal with grievances 25%
Working hours Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Maximum 9 hours working schedule per employee per day for all companies in industrial park Yes
Trade Unions and NGOs Brownfield No exclusions Program/mechanism in place to encourage Trade Unions and NGOs through open policies and non-discrimination in
industrial park
Yes
Rest and lunch-time areas
for workers
Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Percentage of companies within 500 meters of small rest / recreational areas (e.g. lunch) 25%
Gender equity Brownfield No exclusions Program/mechanism in place to address gender equality of workers in park
• E.g. Hiring procedures, comparable pay, selection procedures for trainings and events
Yes
Primary social
infrastructure for workers
Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Provision of critical social infrastructure in park for workers in park
• E.g. Medical services, lavatories, transportation access
Yes
Community services Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of companies in park which engages in at least one (1) community service activity annually and has respective
documentation maintained
20%
Resettlement of
communities
Greenfield Industrial parks where
resettlement is not needed
A resettlement plan in place for local communities, including fair compensation Yes
Heritage sites Greenfield and
brownfield
Regions where there are no
historically significant names
Percentage of retained names of historical significance (e.g. roads, suburbs, pioneers) 25%
Historical names Greenfield and
brownfield
Regions where there are no
listed heritage sites
Program/mechanism in place to optimise retention of listed heritage sites in industrial park Yes
Gender equity
Social
infrastructure
Culture and
heritage
Local community
well-being and
community
outreach
REQUIREMENTS
Employment
Management and
monitoring
systems
Working and
labour conditions
(SUB) TOPICS CRITERIA
Grievance
management
Petition and complaints
Key components and requisites
Economic criteria
Environment criteria
Social criteria
Work in Progress
EIP Silver and Gold levels
Topic
(EIP components and
requisites)
Sub-topic Greenfield and/or
brownfield?
Situations when indicator may
not be applicable
Performance indicator EIP - Silver EIP - Gold
Establishment of
companies in park
Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Functioning system(s) in place to facilitate the establishment of new companies into industrial park
• Determine optimal location based on infrastructure/service needs, risk profile, industrial synergies
Yes Yes
Training Brownfield No exclusions Park management provides fit-for-purpose training services to companies
• E.g. Waste management, cleaner production, health and safety procedures
Yes Yes
Company level efforts
and commitment
Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of companies in park which are committed and engaged in resource efficiency and cleaner production (or related practices
and concepts)
50% 75%
Industrial synergies Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of companies in park which are engaged in industrial synergies
• Supply chain, utility, by-product and service synergies
25% 50%
Anchor tenants Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions System(s) in place to facilitate optimal and synergistic mix of companies in industrial park, including anchor tenants which can attract
synergistic companies
Yes Yes
Land allocation to
shared and integrated
facilities
Greenfield No exclusions Sufficient land is allocated in industrial park to meet demand for integrated and collective utilities
• E.g. Water supply and treatment, cogeneration, waste and off-gas processing
Yes Yes
Service and utility
corridors
Greenfield Industrial parks with only light
manufacturing
Master plan of industrial park optimises percentage of lots with direct access to service and utility corridors No Yes
Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Percentage of businesses to be within 1 kilometer of public transport route 75% 90%
Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Industrial park optimises mode competitiveness for public transport Yes Yes
Greenfield No exclusions Master Plan of industrial park incorporates road network with lowest vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT) No Yes
Greenfield Industrial parks which do not
have heavy vehicle movements
Master Plan of industrial park incorporates minimises number of 90 degrees turns for heavy vehicles to access freeway network No Yes
Road network
Collective park level
infrastructure and utility
services
Company level resource
efficiency and cleaner
production
(SUB) TOPICS CRITERIA REQUIREMENTS
Park management
structure
Industrial symbiosis and
synergies
Spatial planning and
zoning
Public transport
Topic Sub-topic Greenfield and/or
brownfield?
Situations when
indicator may not be
applicable
Performance indicator EIP - Silver EIP - Gold
Transformation of
markets, sectors,
technologies
Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Strategy and/or system(s) in place to assist industrial parks and its tenant companies with adapting to rapidly
changing markets, sectors, and technologies
• E.g. Industry 4.0, big data and internet of things, mobility systems, 3D printing, product service systems
Yes Yes
Informal sector Greenfield and
brownfield
Regions where informal
industrial is not an issue
Functioning system(s) in place to facilitate transformation of informal industrial areas to formalised industrial
park with suitable services and infrastructures
• Informal industrial areas may offer short-term benefits to companies in developing countries, but create long-
term problems on economic, environmental, and social development
No Yes
Investment ready park
for companies
Greenfield No exclusions Industrial park is “investment ready” for companies to locate and operate in the park
• Essential infrastructures, utilities, and services are ready to be used by companies
• No uncertainties for companies with regards to access to water, energy, roads, service corridors, etc
Yes Yes
Incentives for green
and sustainable
industries
Brownfield No exclusions Incentive system(s) in place for companies in park that perform beyond environmental and social compliance
• Financial incentives (e.g. grants, fee exemptions)
• Non-financial incentives (e.g. reduced reporting, promotion and visibility)
No Yes
CRITERIA REQUIREMENTS
Investment and
incentives
(SUB) TOPICS
Competitiveness
Micro, Small, and
Medium Enterprises
(MSME)
Economic criteria
Key components and requisites
Topic Sub-topic Greenfield and/or
brownfield?
Situations when indicator may
not be applicable
Performance indicator EIP - Silver EIP - Gold
Brownfield No exclusions All companies with significant (potential) environmental impacts and all companies with more than 250 employees in the park
to be certified by ISO 14001 Environmental Management Standard
Yes Yes
Energy management
systems
Brownfield No exclusions Companies whose total energy consumption is more than 100 Terajoules (TJ) are certified under ISO 50001 Energy
Management Standard
Yes Yes
Brownfield No exclusions Electricity use (kWh) in park management's administrative buildings per employee per year TBC TBC
Brownfield No exclusions Total renewable energy use in industrial park relation to national average energy mix 5% better 10% better
Greenfield No exclusions Park land planning to allow for development of on-site renewable energy facilities (e.g. wind, biomass, geothermal, solar,
hydro) over time to meet energy demand of companies operating in park
Yes Yes
GHG emissions Brownfield No exclusions Carbon footprint calculations have been undertaken for industrial park and reduction targets are set yearly Yes Yes
Water treatment Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of manufacturing and processing companies in park that are connected to water treatment and sewer system 70% 100%
Water circularity Brownfield Industrial parks with only light
manufacturing
Percentage of industrial efffuents from companies in park which are reused responsibly within or outside industrial park
• E.g. Reuse by other companies, surround municipalities, irrigation
15% 30%
Dangerous and toxic
materials
Brownfield No exclusions Program/mechanism in place to reduce the use of dangerous and toxious materials by companies in the park
• Explosives, gases, flammable liquids, flammable solids, oxidizing substances, toxic and infectious substances, radioactive
material, corrosives
Yes Yes
Use of locally and
responsibly produced
materials
Brownfield No exclusions Program/mechanism in place to promote and encourage the use of locally and responsibly produced materials by companies
in the park
• Process and non-process raw materials
No Yes
Brownfield No exclusions Sum of waste reuse, recovery and recycling by all companies in park is greater than disposed waste amounts
• MSW, recyclables, organic waste, industrial by-products
Yes Yes
Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of industrial by-products generated by companies in park which are reused
• Reuse by other companies, neighbouring communities or municipalities
15% 30%
Waste disposal Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of total wastes generated by companies in industrial park going to landfills
• MSW, recyclables, C&D waste, organic waste, industrial by-products, hazardous waste
10% 0%
Native vegetation Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Percentage of landscaping in industrial park utilising indigenous native vegetation 75% 100%
Reticulation Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Percentage of landscaping in industrial park utilising fit-for-purpose water sources (non-potable water) 75% 100%
Open space Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Percentage of total area of industrial park allocated to open space
• Drainage areas, biodiversity corridors, conservation areas, recreation areas
5% 10%
Building standards Brown/Greenfield No exclusions A set of guiding principles for commercial/industrial buldings in place that reflect the achievement of a level similar to a Green
Star building
• Energy and environment, indoor environmental quality, materials and resources
No Yes
Construction materials Greenfield No exclusions Program/mechanism in place to maximise feasible recycled content in road base, concrete, and other construction materials Yes Yes
Earthworks Greenfield No exclusions Program/mechanism in place to maximise use of existing land and soils (e.g. overburden, topsoil) and minimise earthworks,
and maximise reuse of excavation material
Yes Yes
Energy
Renewable energy
(SUB) TOPICS CRITERIA REQUIREMENTS
Materials use
Management and
monitoring systems
Built form
Subdivision works
Water
Environment
management systems
Climate change and
greenhouse gases
Energy efficiency
Waste
Natural
environment
Waste and by-products
reuse
Environment Criteria
Topic Sub-topic Greenfield and/or
brownfield?
Situations when indicator
may not be applicable
Performance indicator EIP - Silver EIP - Gold
Local jobs Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of total workers employed in industrial park, who are residents of local surrounding municipalities 60% 80%
Type of employment Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of total company workers in industrial park employed through permanent contracts
• Permanent versus temporary employment
50% 75%
Housing for workers Greenfield and
brownfield
Regions where housing
quality is not a significant
issue
Presence of quality standards for housing of employees within or close to the industrial park
• Standards relates to building structure, basic facilities, space, thermal Environment, illumination, access to electricity, water
supply and effluent disposal
Yes Yes
Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of grievances handled / resolved in relation to total number of grievances submitted to companies and park
management
• Including short-term and long-term grievances
50% 90%
Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of companies in industrial park with code of conductin place to deal with grievances 50% 90%
Rest and lunch-time areas
for workers
Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Percentage of companies within 500 meters of small rest / recreational areas (e.g. lunch) 50% 90%
Gender needs Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Presence of facilities in park addressing differentiated needs of men and women and their cultures
• E.g. toiletries, praying areas, canteens
Yes Yes
Entrepreneurship Brownfield No exclusions Provision of services focusing on empowering women
• E.g. Women’s entrepreneurship, trainings, credit lines
No Yes
Maternity leave Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Provision of maturnity leave to workers in the park with minimum of 2 months Yes Yes
Park security Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Provision of fit for purpose security systems and services in park
• Appropriate lighting systems in and around park
• Visitor induction forms
• Un-authorized public access to be avoided by security control
• Appropriate fencing around industrial park
• CCTV systems
Yes Yes
Secondary social
infrastructure for workers
Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Provision of social infrastructure in or nearby park to improve working conditions of workers
• E.g. local shops, banking facilities
Yes Yes
Social infrastructure for
local community
Greenfield and
brownfield
No exclusions Provision of social infrastructure in or nearby park for local community
• E.g. Medical services, lavatories, shops, transportation access, banking facilities, child care facilities
No Yes
Community services Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of companies in park which engages in at least one (1) community service activity annually and has respective
documentation maintained
40% 60%
Heritage sites Greenfield and
brownfield
Regions where there are no
historically significant names
Percentage of retained names of historical significance (e.g. roads, suburbs, pioneers) 50% 80%
Gender equity
Security and
crime
Social
infrastructure
Culture and
heritage
Local community
well-being and
REQUIREMENTS
Employment
Working and
labour conditions
(SUB) TOPICS CRITERIA
Grievance
management
Petition and complaints
Social Criteria
Work in Progress
Specific examples on EIP indicators
Topic Criteria / indicator Bronze Level Silver Level Gold Level
Park management structure
A distinct unit is responsible for the management of the industrial park.
Yes Yes Yes
Industrial symbiosis and synergies
Percentage of companies in park which are engaged in industrial synergies (utility, by-product, service synergies)
10% 25% 50%
Renewable energyTotal renewable energy use in industrial park relation to national average energy mix
At least equal 5% better 10% better
Water circularityIndustrial effluents from companies in park which are reused responsibly within or outside industrial park
5% 15% 30%
Transformation of markets, sectors, technologies
Strategy or system(s) in place to assist industrial parks and its tenant companies with adapting to rapidly changing markets, sectors, and technologies• E.g. Industry 4.0, product service systems
No Yes Yes
Work in progress
Benefit of EIP guideline to target stakeholders
Serve as an international standard and create common understanding of Eco-Industrial Parks
Inform investment decisions, funding allocation and due diligence studies
Identify improvement opportunities in design and planning of new industrial parks and optimise existing industrial parks
Monitor and assess operational performance of existing industrial parks and tenant companies
Access subsidies or funding
Gain recognition and build market profile
Serve as a practical framework to support decision making within their own organization
Park operators and
management
Park tenants
(business)
Governments and
regulatorsFinancial sector and
funding agencies
International
development agencies
China: 1 Industrial park, 10 Companies
Colombia: 1 Industrial park20 Companies
India:4 Industrial parks40 Companies
South Africa: 2 Industrial parks40 Companies
Viet Nam: 4 Industrial parks60 Companies
Peru:2 Industrial parks20 Companies
Morocco:1 Industrial park10 Companies
Target beneficiaries:15 industrial parks200 companies
EIP Performance assessment scheme: Testing and lessons learnt from on-going projects
Conclusions
Eco-Industrial Parks offer an integrated approach to drive and scale up efforts by the private and public sectors on their sustainable industrial development efforts
To scale up, it is important to promote a common understanding on Eco-Industrial Parks and develop an international applicable and practical set of requirements
Based on international experiences, important to consider key success factors for the development of Eco-Industrial Parks:
Widespread support and participation from industries, government, community;
Sound financial and logistical planning is fundamental to meet stakeholder requirements;
Realization of successful EIPs is dependent on proven technology, convincing business case, and license to operate (e.g. government approvals).
Smail AlhilaliProgramme ManagerDepartment of EnvironmentUNIDO, Vienna, [email protected]