DEVELOPMENT OF SMART MUG WITH
CHARGING COASTER USING A PELTIER
MODULE AND RECHARGEABLE BATTERY
MUHAMMAD HANIF IKHWAN BIN RAZALI
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
(ELECTRICAL) WITH HONOURS
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG
iii
DEVELOPMENT OF SMART MUG WITH CHARGING COASTER USING A
PELTIER MODULE AND RECHARGEABLE BATTERY
MUHAMMAD HANIF IKHWAN BIN RAZALI
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering Technology in Electrical with Honours
Faculty of Engineering Technology
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG
DECEMBER 2017
iv
STATEMENT OF AWARD FOR DEGREE
1. Bachelor of Engineering Technology
Thesis submitted in fulfilmentof the requirements for the award of the degree
of Bachelor of Engineering Technology in Electrical with Honours.
v
SUPERVISOR’S DECLARATION
We hereby declare that we have checked this thesis and in our opinion, this thesis is
adequate in terms of scope and quality for the award of degree of Bachelor of
Engineering Technology in Electrical with Honours.
Signature:
Name of Supervisor: NURUL NADIA BINTI HAMRAN
Position: LECTURER, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY ,
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG
Date: DECEMBER 2017
Signature:
Name of Supervisor: DR. MOHAMMED HAYYAN ALSIBAI
Position: SENIOR LECTURER, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY,
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG
Date: DECEMBER 2017
vi
STUDENT’S DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is my own except for quotations and
summaries in which have been duly acknowledged. The thesis has not been accepted
for any degree and is not concurrently submitted for award of other degree.
Signature:
Name: MUHAMMAD HANIF IKHWAN BIN RAZALI
ID Number: TB14024
Date:
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am sincerely grateful to ALLAH “S.W.T” for giving me wisdom, strength,
patience and assistance to complete my project work. Had it not been due to His will
and favour, the completion of this study would not have been achievable. I have taken
efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind
support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my
sincere thanks to all of them.
I respect and thank to my advisor, Madam Nurul Nadia Binti Hamran for
giving me an opportunity to do the project work in smart mug with charging coaster
and providing us all support and guidance which made me complete the project on
time. Besides that, I also thank to Dr. Hayyan Alsibai as our co-supervisor that help us
to finish our project. I am extremely grateful to him for providing such a nice support
and guidance though he had busy schedule. Here, I also like to convey thanks to the
faculty (FTEK) for providing the laboratory facilities for doing the fabrication and give
us the budget to finish the project.
Besides that, I feel a deep sense of gratitude for family member, who formed
part of my vision and taught me good things that really matter in life. Their infallible
love and support has always been my strength. Their patience and sacrifice will remain
my inspiration throughout my life.I am also very much grateful to all my family
members for their constant inspiration and encouragement.
Lastly, I want to thank my classmates, friends and team member for giving me
a valuable comment and suggestions on this project which gave us an inspiration to
improve the project. I thank all the people for their help directly and indirectly to
complete this final year project.
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
SUPERVISOR’S DECLARATION v
STUDENT’S DECLARATION vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
viii
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS x
LIST OF TABLES xiii
LIST OF FIGURES xiv
LIST OF SYMBOLS xvi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xvii
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO SOLAR DESALINATION
1.1 Background Of Study 1
1.2 Problem Statement 4
1.3 Objectives
1.4 Project Scope
5
5
CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Thermoelectric Effect 6
2.2.1 Seedback Effect 7
2.2.2 Peltier Effect 8
2.2.3 Selected Technique of Thermoelectric Effect 10
2.2 Electronic Controlling Units
2.2.1 Types of MCU
2.2.2 Comparison of MCU
2.2.3 Selected MCU
10
11
12
14
xi
2.3 Arduino
2.3.1 Arduino Nano
2.3.2 Arduino Uno
2.3.3 Arduino Mini
2.3.4 Arduino Micro
2.3.5 Selected Arduino
15
16
17
18
19
20
2.4 Rechargeable Battery
2.4.1 Types of Rechageable Battery
2.3.2 Lead Acid Rechageable Battery
2.3.3 Lithium Polymer Rechageable Battery
2.3.4 Lithium Ion Rechageable Battery
2.4.2 Selection of Rechgeable Battery
2.5 Mechanism Of Smart Mug With Charging Coaster
20
21
22
24
26
29
30
CHAPTER 3 : PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION & METHODOLOGY
3.1 Theory
3.1.1 Peltier Module
3.1.1.1 Cooling Process
3.1.1.2 Heating Process
3.1.2 Transistor As A Switch
3.1.3 Battery Connection
31
31
32
33
33
34
3.2 Methadology
3.2.1 Working Priciple
3.2.2 Flowchart
36
36
38
3.3 Project Implementation 39
3.3.1 Arduino Nano 39
3.3.2 Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) Relay 40
3.3.3 DS18B20 Waterproof Temperature Sensor 40
3.3.4 Peltier Module 41
3.3.5 Lithium Ion Battery 42
3.3.6 Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) Switch 42
3.3.7 RGB Light Emitting Diode (LED) 43
xii
3.3.8 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
3.3.9 DC Fan and Heatsink
3.3.10 Circuit Design
43
44
45
CHAPTER 4 : RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Problem Faced In Circuit Design 46
4.2 Performance Of Peltier Module In The Smart Mug
4.3 Battery Lifespan For Smart Mug
47
49
CHAPTER 5 : CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion 51
5.2 Recommendations For The Future Research 52
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
A CODING FOR SMART MUG WITH CHARGING COASTER
B COST ANALYSIS
C CIRCUIT PRODUCTION
C DS18B20 WATERPROOF TEMPERATURE SENSOR DATASHEET
E TEC12706 DATASHEET
53
56
60
61
63
65
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page
2.1 The technical specification of Aduino Nano 16
2.2 The technical specification of Aduino Uno 17
2.3 The technical specification of Arduino Mini 18
2.4 The technical specification of Arduino Micro 19
2.5 Technical specification for Lead Acid Battery 24
2.6 Technical specification for LiPo Battery 26
2.7 Technical specification for LIB 29
4.1 Time Taken for Water Heating Process up to 50 47
4.2 Time Taken for Water Cooling Process up to 20 48
4.3 The usage of the Li-Ion rechargeable battery for the Smart Mug 50
xiv
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Title Page
1.1 The demand of caffeine by age group in 2010-2011 2
1.2 The type beverages demand per capita consumption 2
(gallons) of 2003 and 2013
1.3 The Starbuck’s sales by product category in 2013 3
2.1 The Seedback Effect circuit configured as a thermoelectric 8
heater
2.2 Setup of observing Peltier Effect 8
2.3 The Peltier Effect circuit configured as a thermoelectric 9
cooler
2.4 Illustration of instructions from a program is processed. 10
2.5 Comparing the three platforms of ECU 12
2.6 An ilustration of the rechrageable battery 21
2.7 Charge stages of a lead acid battery 22
2.8 Capacity loss on standby 23
2.9 An example of Lead Acid Battery 23
2.10 An example of Lipo Battery 24
2.11 Test Curve at Different T, 1C current` 25
2.12 How a lithum-ion battery produce electricity 26
2.13 Recharging a lithium-ion battery 27
2.14 Comparison graph of discharge voltage curves 28
3.1 The illustration of mechanism for the Peltier Module 32
3.2 Illustration process of Cooling 32
3.3 Illustration process of Heating 33
3.4 A sample of connection of a transistor as a switch 33
xv
3.5 Illustration of Series connection for battery 34
3.6 Illustration of parallel connection for battery 35
3.7 Illustration of series-parallel connection for battery 35
3.8 A sequence of the working principle for the Smart Mug 37
3.9 The process of the system in the Arduino Nano 38
3.10 Arduino Nano 39
3.11 Pinout Diagram of Arduino Nano 39
3.12 Pinout Diagram of SPDT Relay 40
3.13 Pinout Diagram of DS18B20 waterproof temperature sensor 41
3.14 An illustration of Peltier module and its part 41
3.15 SPST Switch Symbol 42
3.16 RGB LED pinout diagram 43
3.17 LCD pinout diagram 44
3.18 An example of DC Fan and Heat sink 44
3.19 Circuit design for the Smart Mug with Charging Coaster 45
4.1 Time vs Temperature Graph for Water Heating Process 48
4.2 Time vs Temperature Graph for Water Heating Process 49
xvi
LIST OF SYMBOLS
$ Dollar
% Percentages
A Ampere
Degree Ferenheit
H Hours
I Current
J Joule
KB Kilobyte
mA Milli-Ampere
mAh Milli-Ampere-hours
mg Milligram
MHz Megahertz
Min Min
ml Millilitre
mm Millimeter
ºC Degree Celcius
R Resistor
s Second
S Seedback Coefficiet
T Temperature
V Voltage
Δt Delta Time
Ω Ohm
xvii
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
3D Three-Dimensional
AREF Analog Reference
CDC Communications Device Class
COM Communication
CRT Cathode Ray Tube
DC Direct Currect
ECU Electrocnic Controlling Unit
EMF Electromotive Force
GND Ground
IC Integrated Circuit
ICSP In-Circuit Serial Programming
IDE Integrated Development Enviroment
IoT Internet of Things
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LED Light Emitting Diode
LIB Lithium Ion Battery
Li-Ion Lithium Ion
Li-Po Lithium Polymer
MCU Microcontroller Unit
NASDAQ National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations
PWM Pulse Width Modulation
RGB Red Green Blue
RX Receive