Diagnostic Method
Diagnosis means `through knowledge` and entails acquisition of data about the patient and their complaints using the
senses:
Observing
Hearing
Touching
Smellingsometimes
Diagnostic MethodThe purpose of diagnosis
is to be able to offer the most:
* Effective and safe
treatment
* Accurate prognosticatio
n
Diagnostic Method
•Is to distinguish, to identify a disease by an investigation of the signs & symptoms.
Diagnose
•Is the process of evaluating the patient’s health, as well as the resulting opinions formulated by the clinician
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Method• Is the ART of using scientific
knowledge to identify oral disease process & to distinguish one disease from another.
Oral Diagnosis
• Is concerned with diagnosis & treatment, consultation, referral & other phases of patient management.
• It deals especially with the relation between oral & systemic diseases.
Oral Medicine
Diagnostic Method Accurate diagnosis depends on systemic approach to unique diagnostic change posed by every patient.
The most effective approach is by applying scientific method to clinical decisions.
Diagnostic Method
Diagnostic Method
Diagnostic Method1- Collection of Information
a) Detailed verbalization by the patient.
b) Features determined by the clinician’s examination
c) Data derived from adjunctive diagnostic procedures.
(Laboratory tests)Clinician must stay objective.
Diagnostic Method
1- Collection of Information
It is Diagnostic Data Base
It provides basis for comparison of:
Disease Progress
Effectiveness of treatment
Diagnostic Method
1- Collection of Information
Data Base consists of:
Patient History
Physical Examination
Adjunctive diagnostic procedures
Diagnostic Method
Diagnostic Method2- Evaluation of Information
Organize & Compare with past experience
Correlate unusual findings to identify disease
Assess the accuracy of information & resolve contradiction by:
a- Testsb- Repeat tests
Clinician must stay objective.
Diagnostic Method- Clinicians searches for association & pattern among the data collected.
2- Evaluation of Information
Diagnostic Method
2- Evaluation of Information
Diagnostic Method
2- Evaluation of Information
Diagnostic Method
* If comparison does not support preliminary decision
* Incorrect Diagnosis
* Re-evaluate history
* Re-evaluate Examination
2- Evaluation of Information
Diagnostic Method3- Diagnostic Decisions
A hypothesis that may be correct OR not
Diagnostic Method* Systemic: Don’t confuse physical assessment with
systemic diagnosis. “ confirm by medical
consultation”.
* Dental abnormality, e.g, caries, gingivitis,
periodontitis.
* Non-dental abnormality.
3- Diagnostic Decisions
Diagnostic Method* Non-dental abnormality: seen less common
less experience.
- Signs & Symptoms shared by many diseases.
- Compare with other disease producing the same
abnormality
Differential Diagnosis
3- Diagnostic Decisions
Diagnostic Method4- Re-assessment
Testing the hypothesis:a) Additional tests
b) An appropriate treatment
Predict response
Diagnostic Method* After management Re-evaluate symptoms
* Re-examine the affected region hypothesis
testing * Accurate Diagnosis + appropriate
treatment
Good Response
4- Re-assessment
Diagnostic MethodDiagnosis is made by the clinical
examination, which comprise the:
History, this offers the
diagnosis in about 80% of
cases
Physical examination
InvestigationsSometimes
Types of Clinical Examinations
1- Comprehensive Dental Diagnosis
2- Re-call Diagnosis
3- Diagnosis of specific problem
(SOAP)
4- Emergency Diagnosis
5- Screening Diagnosis
1- Comprehensive Dental Diagnosis
* Intra & Extra oral examination + adjunctive procedures.
* It serves for the following purposes:- Initial status
- For comparison in later assessment.- Protect the clinician later if complication
took place.- It takes time.
- It provides sound diagnostic foundation for comprehensive treatment.
Types of Clinical Examinations
2- Re-call Diagnosis
Types of Clinical Examinations
3- Diagnosis of specific problem (SOAP) evaluation
* Indicated if consultation is requested from other clinician & re-assessment of recent treatment
SOAP.
1- The reason for the evaluation is briefly stated.2- “S” Subjective information.
3- “O” Objective or physical findings.4- “A” Analysis or clinical impression of the
condition by the clinician.5- “P” Plan or recommend management for the
problem.
Types of Clinical Examinations
4- Emergency Diagnosis* Manage a chief complaint. e.g, pain, bleeding that requires immediate attention.
* Clinicians explores most aspects of history but limit examination to chief complaint.
Types of Clinical Examinations
5- Screening Diagnosis* It answers a specific question about the patient.
* The evaluation is limited to obtaining the information needed to answer this question only,
e.g, cancer screening clinic.
Types of Clinical Examinations
Systemic
Medical consultation
Modify dental Tx Plan & Tx
Dental
Diagnosis
Tx Plan & Tx
Non-dental
DDx
Dx (clinical impression)
Tx
Initial clinical management
Re-assessmen
t