DigCCurr Professional Institute: Curation Practices
for the Digital Object Lifecycle
Digital Curation Program Development
Nancy Y McGovernResearch Assistant Professor, ICPSR
Topics
• Scope of a digital curation program• Community context• Three-legged stool for digital curation• Stages of program development
Data CurationDigital Preservation
Digital Curation
+
Program Scope
COMMUNITYCONTEXT
Community Documents
Trusted Digital Repositories: Attributes and Responsibilities (RLG/OCLC)
http://www.oclc.org/programs/ourwork/past/trustedrep/repositories.pdf
OAIS Reference Model (CCSDS) [ISO 14721]http://public.ccsds.org/publications/archive/650x0b1.pdf
More Community Documents
ISO Digital Archive Audit and Certification Working Group – public draft pending
http://wiki.digitalrepositoryauditandcertification.org/bin/view
Builds on:Trustworthy Repositories Audit & Certification
(TRAC): Criteria and Checklist, 2007 http://www.crl.edu/content.asp?l1=13&l2=58&l3=162&l4=91
The Three-Legged Stool for a Digital Curation Program
Organizational Infrastructure
Technological Infrastructure
Resources Framework$$$$
Adapted from: Kenney and McGovern, 2003
(how)
(what)
(how much)
Adapted from: Kenney and McGovern, 2003
Organizational Infrastructure
• Best framework: TDR• Best reflected in:
– mission – policy development and implementation– long-term planning– institutional commitment– participation by Producers and Consumers
Adapted from: Kenney and McGovern, 2003
Attributes of TDR
• OAIS Compliance• Administrative Responsibility• Organizational Viability• Financial Sustainability• Technological and Procedural Suitability• System Security• Procedural Accountability
Role of Policies
Developing policies:• Defines institutional commitment • Demonstrates compliance• Manages expectations• Defines issues and challenges • Raises awareness• Identifies roles and responsibilities
Organizational
Technological
High-level organizational policies
Lower-level organizational policies
Individual policy statements
Encoded policy statements
Reflect the intentions of the organization
Document the decisions of the organization
Regulate the actions of the organization
Translate organization’s policies into actions
Policy Continuum
Source: McGovern, 2008
TechnologicalInfrastructure
• Most comprehensive framework: OAIS• Combination of:
– hardware and software– packaging and re-packaging– network, security, and services– functions and workflow– procedures, protocols, documentation– technical and curation skills
Adapted from: Kenney and McGovern, 2003
OAIS Reference Model
Source: version of high-level OAIS diagram designed for DPM workshop, 2003
Avoid Technology Pogo Stick
Source: McGovern, DPM Workshop, 2005
ResourcesFramework
• No community-based articulation comparable to TDR or OAIS – yet…
• Includes:– staff, training, and development– technology and related developments– outreach and designated community support– other
$$$$
Adapted from: Kenney and McGovern, 2003
Blue Ribbon Task Force on Sustainable Preservation and Access
LIFE² Cost Model
Resource Planning Steps
1. Identify cost categories2. Identify common cost centers3. Calculate costs4. Secure resources
Secure Resources
• Get additional funding• Recover costs• Reduce expenses• Reallocate
Example: ICPSR Model
…with virtually all activities tied to curation
Connecting the 3 LegsSource: McGovern, 2005
Transparency and Compliance …
Source: McGovern, 2005
Five Organizational Stages
1. Acknowledge: understanding that digital curation is a shared concern
2. Act: initiating digital preservation projects
3. Consolidate: segueing from projects to programs
4. Institutionalize: incorporating the larger environment and rationalizing programs
5. Externalize: embracing inter-institutional collaboration and dependency
Source: Kenney and McGovern, 2003
Stage 1: Key Indicators
Organizational infrastructure: often non-existent; implicit policy, or very high level
0101 Technological infrastructure: non-existent or heterogeneous and decentralized; disparate elements
$$$$ Resources: generally low, finite, ad hoc financial commitment
Source: Kenney and McGovern, 2003
Stage 2: Key Indicators
Organizational infrastructure: implicit policy or expressed in general terms, increased evidence of commitment
0101 Technological infrastructure: project-specific and reactive; ad hoc location
$$$$ Resources: often project-based funding
Source: Kenney and McGovern, 2003
Stage 3: Key Indicators
Organizational infrastructure: development of basic and essential policies
0101 Technological infrastructure: assessment of technology investment and requisite infrastructure, shift to proactive mode
$$$$ Resources: some funding and support beyond projects, but limited
Source: Kenney and McGovern, 2003
Stage 4: Key Indicators
Organizational infrastructure: consistent, systematic management; comprehensive policy framework
0101 Technological infrastructure: technology planning anticipates needs; infrastructure investments planned/implemented
$$$$ Resources: sustainable funding identified for core program areas and enhancement
Source: Kenney and McGovern, 2003
Stage 5: Key Indicators
Organizational infrastructure: virtual organizations complement institutional ones; collaboration inherent feature in resource planning
0101 Technological infrastructure: distributed and highly integrated; extra-organizational features and services
$$$$ Resources: varying levels of investment, but sustainable funding; possibly distributed financial management
Source: Kenney and McGovern, 2003
Using the Stages
The 5 Stages: • identify steps for developing an organization’s
digital (defines a maturity model)• provide a way of communicating about digital
preservation development• enable measuring progress towards programmatic
digital preservation goals
Source: Kenney and McGovern, 2003
Types of Planning and Review
• Durable Access Planning (ongoing)• Self-assessment (internal process)• Audit (external review by peers)• Development plans (result of audit)• Certification (future option?)
Source: DPM Workshop, 2003