PROTEIN DIGESTION
Digestion – proteins are denatured by hydrochloric acid in the stomach
Body creates all of its proteins from 20 different amino acids
AMINO ACID ABSORPTION Amino acids are absorbed in the small intestine Amino acids are transported to the liver from the
intestines via the portal vein In the liver, amino acids are
Used to synthesize new proteinsConverted to energy, glucose, or fatReleased to the bloodstream and transported to
cells throughout the body Occasionally proteins are absorbed intact
HOW DOES THE BODY USE PROTEIN? Functions of protein
Provide structural and mechanical supportMaintain body tissuesFunctions as enzymes and hormonesHelp maintain acid base balanceTransport nutrientsAssist the immune systemServe as a source of energy when necessary
Structural protein – collagen helps build bones
- ligaments that bind them
- tendons that connect them to the muscles
New growth and repair
They make up enzymes for helping chemical reactions
They make up antibodies in the immune system
Supply energy
MUSCLES, LIGAMENTS, TENDONS, AND BONES
Without these particular structural proteins, we would look more like this….
PROTEINS
Proteins are made of long chains (polymers) made of monomers.
All proteins are made of the monomer…
AMINO ACID
Body creates all of its proteins from 22 different amino acids
13 are manufactured 9 are essential amino acids – body
needs them but cannot make them
PROTEIN QUALITY Complete proteins
Contain all nine essential amino acidsUsually animal source are complete proteinsAre considered higher quality
Incomplete proteins Low in one or more essential amino acidUsually plant sources are incomplete
Complete proteins contain amounts of all nine essential amino acids.
SOURCES INCLUDE:*Fish, meat,
poultry, eggs, milk, cheese, yogurt, and many soybean products.
Incomplete proteins
lack one or more essential amino acids.SOURCES INCLUDE:
*Beans, peas, nuts, and whole grains.
Vegetarian Diets-Reasons
HealthReligionEthicalEnvironmentalTasteVegetarians must consume adequate amounts of a variety of food and should plan meals well
TYPES OF VEGETARIAN DIETS
Vegetarian diets can be a healthy eating style that may help reduce the risk of some chronic disease
Some vegetarians abstain from all animal products
Some vegetarians eat eggs and dairy in limited amounts
Vegetarians must plan their diets carefully to meet their nutrient needs, especially Protein Riboflavin Iron Vitamin B12
Zinc Vitamin A Calcium Omega-3 fatty acids Vitamin D
VEGETARIAN VS MEAT EATERS Vegetarian reduced risk
obesitydiabeteshypertensionheart diseasedigestive disorderscancer
Meat eaters growth support during
critical times.