Digital Cinema Revolution
Presented byKen Dozier
USC Viterbi School of EngineeringWestern Research Application Center
July 27th, 2006
Digital Cinema Resolutions
“HD Video ”
Old vs. New“Roadwarrior” connected to Internet and to a
projector is a cinema
Today’s setup is a Digital Projector (2K) and Surround Sound system
Moral of the Story
• Billions of dollars in defense R&D technology will eventually find their way to entertainment markets
• Computers, projectors, cameras are all examples of this trend
• Digital Cinema will be transformed as a result
Where it all started….
1980’s• Hughes Aircraft• F-18 Flight Simulator• Two 40 Foot Domes
– Air-to-Air Combat– 60 Frames per second
• Discovered IMI Design• 6 Projectors• Not less than 32 different
processing units– 14 CPU’s– 18 GPU’s
Visual System Engineer….
The Hollywood Connection
The Last Starfighter, 1984
1 Cray XMP Supercomputer
2 DEC VAX 11780
120 Workstations Images Courtesy of Universal Pictures
Digital Productions, Inc.Vice President of Operations….
Digital Productions, Inc.
Won an Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Scientific and Engineering Award in 1984
“For the practical simulation of motion picture photography by means of computer generated images”
For the Company’s work onThe Last Starfighter
National Science Foundation’s Supercomputing Center for Western U.S.
Learned at DP
• Brought Computer Graphics into normal production schedules and budgets – IMI’s used to invent Pre-Visualization
– Used a Supercomputer to render complex images quickly
• Single-point-of-failure was a problem• Finite amount of computing was restrictive
– A factory with fixed capacity
Interactive Machines, Inc. (IMI)
• Lockheed Skunkworks Stealth Fighter Simulator (F-117)
• Built Instructors Console and GraphicsEngines
• Raised Venture Capital and listed in Fortune Magazine’s “Companies to Watch”
• Entertainment Clients included: Universal Studios, Disney Studios, Cranston/Csuri, Pacific Data Images, Digital Productions, Bo Gehring, Mr. Film, Japan Computer Graphics Lab, and ComputerFX London.
President and CEO..
Technology Innovation: The Transition from Analog to Digital Platforms
Phase I 1996 – 2001 Creation of Digital Formats
Phase II 2002 - 2006 Technology Integration Web Services, Grid Computing, Distributed Computing and Improvements in Phase I
Phase III 2006 – Beyond Transformation
Computing Advances Transform Value Creation: business intelligence, economies of scale, partnerships, and increased productivity
Source: IBM Institute for Business Value analysis, 2004
Source: 1999 Fall Meeting, Community Development Council, Chuck MatthewsINFOWORLD, Sept. 2000
Distribution Media Bandwidth 11
B01-017
DSL/ Cable
IEEE 1394 / Firewire
Gigabit Ethernet
LASER / Fast Ethernet
10BaseT / CAT 5
Microwave / Ethernet
G2 Wireless
G3 / Wireless LAN
Async. Transfer Mode 54 Gbps (ATM)
G1 Wireless
4 Gbps Fibre Channel
120 Gbps 12X QDR InfiniBand
Old School
Source: “A Data-Centric Approach to Cinema Mastering” Thomas J. True, SGI
New School
Source: Sony (http://www.sony.com) Source: Digital Vision (http://www.digitalvision.se) Source: Dalsa Inc. (http://www.dalsa.com)
Projection• Digital Light Processing (DLP)
Developed at Texas Instruments (Used my Christie) max resolution (2048 x 1080)
• Ultra-high frame rate.• Adjustable white point• Support XYZ color space (Director’s Gold standard)
Direct Drive Image Light Amplifier (D-ILA)Developed at JVC (Licensed by Sony)
• max resolution (4096 x 2160)• Adjustable white point• Support XYZ color space (Director’s
Gold standard)
Image courtesy of JVC
Image courtesy of TI
Computer
• Nucoda PC-based workstations• HyperTransport internal busses
@ 64 Gbps• Up to 8 AMD processors dual
core equivalent to 16 processors
• Feeds NVIDIA GPU, which are programmable with up to 24 pixel shaders.
• Machines today have no fewer than 40 processing units
Source: Digital Vision (http://www.digitalvision.se)
Acquisition Camera: Dalsa OriginOutput: 4:2:2 16-bit linear (12-bit log) CIF format (4096 x 2048)
Capture:
Codex Digital RecorderHUGE MediaVault
Source: Dalsa Inc. (http://www.dalsa.com)
Source: HUGE and Codex
Digital Cinema
Mars Rover Animation- Rendered in Pixar RenderMan- 1080p Windows Media Player, 5.1 Surround Sound