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• The creation of Pakistan on 14 th Aug. 1947 was the culmination of a
struggle that began in 1857 to overthrow ritish rule over thesubcontinent.
• The ritish came to subcontinent in 17 th centur! for the "ur"ose of tra#e
an# merchan#ising.
•$oon the! #is"lace# the %ughal %uslim rulers& who ha# been in the "ower of '5( !ears.
• Prior to %uslim rulers& the )in#us an# ritish rulers the original tribes
an# *ravi#ians& were ruling the region.
• %an! cultures an# races have been involve# in sha"ing the #estin! of
this region.• )ence& its im"ortant to un#erstan# the histor! of the subcontinent in
or#er to a""reciate how an# how Pakistan was create#.
%aking of Pakistan
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attle of 1857
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+oot ,-ar of n#e"en#ence 1857
• Preaching of /hristianit!• 0ar# %acuaul!s e#ucation s!stem
• $e2 was consi#ere# in civil law rather then in criminal law
• The title of 3ing after aha#ur $hah afar was abolishe# b!
ritish.• +ules were #ictate# b! ritish
• nem"lo!ment
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Ancient Times
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Ancient Time
• The histor! of sub6continent starte# off wa! back to $tone
Age.
• This was an age of hunting an# gathering
• Though there was some elementar! agriculture.
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n#us alle! /iviliation
• The $tone age is followe# b! n#us valle! civiliation :((( to :5((/;
• Thousan#s !ears ago the "art of n#ia was calle# the n#us alle!civiliation
• The n#us +iver is the site of one of the earliest a""earances of
civiliation.
• t containe# two ma
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• /otton is known to have been grown in n#ia as earl! as :&(((/& but was almost certainl! grown much earlier.
• Ancient n#ians are known to have worn brightl! colore#clothes. The earl! n#us +iver culture is the least stu#ie# of
the five great river valle! cultures
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Urban Centers
• The civiliation encom"asse# about =&((( towns an# villages&man! of which were mathematicall! "lanne#.
• These are the worl#>s first "lanne# cities. The largest cit! was%ohen
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n#us Priest@3ing $tatue
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o# an# o##ess
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$eals
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Economy
• The basis of the econom! as the other river valle! civiliationswas agriculture.
• The n#us "eo"le use# irrigation to water their fiel#s. The maincro"s were barle!& wheat& an# a variet! of vegetables an# fruits.
• Animals& inclu#ing the long6horne#& hum"e# bull& were
#omesticate#. /otton a""ears to have been the "rinci"al "lantuse# for clothing. t was woven an# #!e#.
• -heel6ma#e cla! was ma#e an# #ecorate# with animal an#geometric motifs. llustration of fish on the seals suggest thatfishing was an im"ortant "art of the econom!.
• The long6horne# bull was a central image in the n#us culturean# interestingl! remains im"ortant in subseBuent n#ianiconogra"h!
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Bronze Age culture
• The n#us "eo"le were a brone Age culture. /o""er an# brone were in use. The! use# brone tools.
• $ome scholars believe that the! ma! have acBuire# bronetechnolog! from the $umerians.
• The! #i# not& however& #evelo" iron technolog!. The n#us "eo"le were also tra#ers& tra#e was carrie# out through the sea.
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The *ravi#ians
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The *ravi#ians
• This ver! civiliation was followe# b! the n#us alle!
civiliation.
• t was sai# that this civiliation was coe2iste# within the n#us
alle! civiliation
• The! ha# high #egree of culture& with a religion an#
establishe# $ocial nstitutions.
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The Ar!ans
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The Ar!ans
• The Ar!ans inva#e# subcontinent aroun# 15(( /. Criginall! fromcentral Asia an# entere# from $ubcontinent from the Dorth6-est.
• Travele# from $a"ta $in#hu or the $even +ivers& in the area from 3abul
to Eumna +ivers.
• Ar!ans continue# their a#vance eastwar#& conBuering a large "art of the
anges Plain an# later crossing the in#i!as to enter the *eccan Plateau.• Ar!ans referre# to conBuering *ravi#ians an# native tribe of n#us
civiliation
• The! were farmers b! nature
• The! worshi"e# natural "henomena
• The religious rituals of Ar!ans were #erive# from *ravi#ians an# later it
resulte# in )in#uism
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)in#uism
• Pol!theistic religion• The! believe in cast an# categories
• That all cast are #etermine from birth not through onesachievement in life.
•At that time subcontinent was #ivi#e# into #ifferent sub6 "olitical units. %an! king#om;
• The largest )in#u king#om was establish #uring the regime of3ing Ashoka =5( ./;
• At the battle of 3alinga it was thought that Ashoka embrace
u##hism.• ?ven at that time )in#uism wasnt #ominant religion.
• 'th centur! , ntro#uction of new religion Fu##hismG
• This religion was contrar! to )in#uism believes of cast s!stem
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• Thought the! establishe# their own in#e"en#ent regions in
subcontinent but coul#nt survive.
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?volution of %uslim societ! in$ubcontinent
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• The establishment of %uslim societ! in subcontinent was #ue to :
elements.
Arab Traders:
• Arab ha# tra#e an# business relations with the inhabitants of subcontinents
• %an! Arab tra#ers ha# their own resorts an# "ro"erties in subcontinentsfor the "ur"ose of tra#e
• After a#vent of slam in '1( entire Arab converte# to slam
• Arab tra#ers also converte# to slam.
• ts being sai# that& their humble behavior was one of the reason that wh!
"eo"le in subcontinent converte# to slam
• The inhabitants of %alabar 3aralla;& 3olaam TraBuor;& u
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• Dewl! converte# "rofessor T.- Arnol# wrote in his book that&
$amari The last 3ing of %alabar; got ins"ire# from the grou"
of %uslims on the visit to $ri 0anka
• )owever the a#vent of %uslim societ! in $in#h was initiate#
b! %uhamma# in Hasims invasion
• 1. Root cause of invading Sind
! After the successful invasion of ran #uring the 3hilafat of
)arat mer +.A; the Arabs came across to the rulers of
$in#h.
6 ntil the con#ition of Arabs n terms of tra#e; weren>t
#eteriorate# the i#ea of attacking $in#h was not given serious
consi#eration.
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The root cause of inva#ing $in#h
• The rule of $in#h +a
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". Te #lunder of Arab$s by inabitants of Sind
• n $ri 0anka& the Arab tra#ers; resi#ents #ie#. n con#olence&
the 3ing sent gifts to or"hans& wi#ows to )i
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%uhamma# in Hasim '956715; 6 The
$uccessor • %uhamam# in Hasim #efeate# +a
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• )e rule# $in#h for about : !ears.
• t was sai# that he gave religious rights to all "eo"les.
• The civil securit! an# religious rights were guarantee#& as he
sai# that !our tem"les will be safe an# secure as all othersreligious grou"s.
• t was sai# that his humble behavior was the reason locals
converte# to slam even though the! were free to s"ent their
life accor#ing to their religion.
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$ultan %ehmoo# anawi , 997 , 19:(;
• n his :: !ears tenure he molest subcontinent 17 times with
immaculate success.
• *efeate# the rulers of 3ang#ra& %ithar& Thanseer& 3anoo< an#
$omnaat
• n 1(=7 Pun
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Pakistans fabricate# histor!
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• )istor! written in Pakistan ha# been F#ictate#G b! the ruling
establishment
• The nation coul# not ho"e to make an! real "rogress& unless
#istortion were remove#.
• -e "ro
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• en A!ub in fact re"lace# the sub