Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
DO YOU REMEMBER?DO YOU REMEMBER?
• Temperature is the measure of Temperature is the measure of how how HOTHOT or or COLDCOLD something something is.is.
• Temperature is the measure of Temperature is the measure of the particles the particles KINETIC KINETIC ENERGYENERGY..
• Temperature is the measure of Temperature is the measure of how how HOTHOT or or COLDCOLD something something is.is.
• Temperature is the measure of Temperature is the measure of the particles the particles KINETIC KINETIC ENERGYENERGY..
TEMPERATURE IS THE MEASURETEMPERATURE IS THE MEASUREOF HOW FAST PARTICLES ARE OF HOW FAST PARTICLES ARE
MOVING (KINETIC ENERGY)MOVING (KINETIC ENERGY)
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
CAN YOU FIGURE IT OUT?CAN YOU FIGURE IT OUT?
• Is it true that ____ not real?Is it true that ____ not real?
• Loss of ____ is what I feel.Loss of ____ is what I feel.
• _____ will move you need _____ will move you need to know.to know.
• _____ will flow from ____ to _____ will flow from ____ to ____.____.
• Is it true that ____ not real?Is it true that ____ not real?
• Loss of ____ is what I feel.Loss of ____ is what I feel.
• _____ will move you need _____ will move you need to know.to know.
• _____ will flow from ____ to _____ will flow from ____ to ____.____.
BrainPop Diffusion Video
cold’scold’s
heatheat
HeatHeat
lowHeatHeat highhigh
Frío No ExisteFrío No Existe
Do you know?Do you know?
Do you know?Do you know?
ExplainExplain
ExplainExplain
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
DIFFUSION AND HEATDIFFUSION AND HEAT
• DiffusionDiffusion is the is the random motion random motion that that causes particles to causes particles to spread outspread out..
• A A differencedifference of high to low is called a of high to low is called a gradientgradient, when it’s balanced it’s called , when it’s balanced it’s called equilibriumequilibrium..
• DiffusionDiffusion causes causes solutes to dissolve solutes to dissolve without stirring.without stirring.
• DiffusionDiffusion causes causes heat to travel heat to travel from from areas of areas of highhigh temperature to areas of temperature to areas of lowlow temperature. temperature.
• DiffusionDiffusion is the is the random motion random motion that that causes particles to causes particles to spread outspread out..
• A A differencedifference of high to low is called a of high to low is called a gradientgradient, when it’s balanced it’s called , when it’s balanced it’s called equilibriumequilibrium..
• DiffusionDiffusion causes causes solutes to dissolve solutes to dissolve without stirring.without stirring.
• DiffusionDiffusion causes causes heat to travel heat to travel from from areas of areas of highhigh temperature to areas of temperature to areas of lowlow temperature. temperature.
BrainPop Diffusion Video
HEAT WILL FLOW…
FROM HIGHTO LOW
Thermochemistry Video
IS IT TRUE THAT COLD’S NOT REAL?
LOSS OF HEAT IS WHAT I FEELHEAT WILL MOVE YOU NEED TO KNOW
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
HEAT FLOWHEAT FLOW
• Heat will only flow from an Heat will only flow from an area of area of HIGH TEMPHIGH TEMP to an to an area of area of LOW TEMPLOW TEMP
• Heat will only flow from an Heat will only flow from an area of area of HIGH TEMPHIGH TEMP to an to an area of area of LOW TEMPLOW TEMP
HIGHTEMP
LOWTEMP
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
HEAT FLOWHEAT FLOW
• Use these pieces to describe the following heat situations.
• Use these pieces to describe the following heat situations.
HIGHTEMP
LOWTEMP
HEAT FLOWS IN
HEAT FLOWS OUT
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
150°C
SITUATION 1SITUATION 1
• Put the juice box in the oven.• Put the juice box in the oven.
HIGHTEMP
25°C LOWTEMP
HEAT FLOWS IN
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
150°C
SITUATION 2SITUATION 2
• Put the frozen OJ in the oven.• Put the frozen OJ in the oven.
HIGHTEMP
-5°C LOWTEMP
HEAT FLOWS IN
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
150°C
SITUATION 3SITUATION 3
• Put the coffee in the oven.• Put the coffee in the oven.
200°C
LOWTEMP
HEAT FLOWS OUTHIGHTEMP
DO YOU ALREADY KNOW?
• How does a refrigerator work to How does a refrigerator work to keep food cold?keep food cold?
• Which gas law do fridges use?Which gas law do fridges use?
Play Fridge Video Play Miele Fridge Video
HEAT FLOWHEAT FLOW
LOWTEMP
HIGHTEMP
HEAT
OUT
HEAT
OUT
HIGHTEMP
LOWTEMP
HEAT OUT
HEAT OUT
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
HOW REFRIGERATORS WORKHOW REFRIGERATORS WORK
• A fridge A fridge absorbsabsorbs the heat out of the heat out of food and food and releasesreleases it out the back. it out the back.
• Refrigerators use the Refrigerators use the Combined Combined Gas LawGas Law to create lower to create lower temperatures.temperatures.
• Increase the volumeIncrease the volume, the , the pressure pressure will decrease will decrease and the and the temperature temperature will decrease will decrease also.also.
• A fridge A fridge absorbsabsorbs the heat out of the heat out of food and food and releasesreleases it out the back. it out the back.
• Refrigerators use the Refrigerators use the Combined Combined Gas LawGas Law to create lower to create lower temperatures.temperatures.
• Increase the volumeIncrease the volume, the , the pressure pressure will decrease will decrease and the and the temperature temperature will decrease will decrease also.also.
TT
CombinedCombined
PP
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
5°C
SITUATION 4SITUATION 4
• Put the juice box in the fridge.• Put the juice box in the fridge.
25°C
LOWTEMP
HEAT FLOWS OUT
HIGHTEMP
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
5°C
SITUATION 6SITUATION 6
• Put the frozen OJ in the fridge.• Put the frozen OJ in the fridge.
-5°C
LOWTEMP
HIGHTEMP
HEAT FLOWS IN
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
5°C
SITUATION 5SITUATION 5
• Put the coffee in the fridge.• Put the coffee in the fridge.
200°C
LOWTEMP
HEAT FLOWS OUT
HIGHTEMP
Candy Video
HEAT FLOW
ENDO = INENDO = IN EXO = OUTEXO = OUT
RELEASERELEASEABSORBABSORB
Temperature Curve of Water
Heat (J)
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-400 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MELTING
VAPORIZATION
ENDOTHERMIC
MELTINGPOINT
BOILINGPOINT
Thermochemistry Video
Temperature Curve of Water
Heat (J)
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-400 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
FREEZING
CONDENSATION
EXOTHERMIC
FREEZINGPOINT
CONDENSINGPOINT
Temperature Curve of Water
Heat Added (kJ)
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
ENDOTHERMICENDOTHERMIC
EXOTHERMIC
MELTINGPOINT
BOILINGPOINT
LIQUID
VAPOR
SOLID
MELTINGMELTING
VAPORIZATIONVAPORIZATION
CONDENSATIONCONDENSATION
FREEZINGFREEZING
Temperature Curve of Water
Heat Added (kJ)
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
ENDOTHERMICENDOTHERMIC
EXOTHERMIC
MELTINGPOINT
BOILINGPOINT
LIQUID
VAPOR
SOLID
MELTINGMELTING
VAPORIZATIONVAPORIZATION
CONDENSATIONCONDENSATION
FREEZINGFREEZING
States of Water Video
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Learn It?Did You Learn It?
• What does EXOTHERMIC mean?A. EXO means inB. EXO means out
• What does EXOTHERMIC mean?A. EXO means inB. EXO means out
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Learn It?Did You Learn It?
• When a liquid turns into a solid, it is called…A. freezingB. condensationC. vaporizationD. melting
• When a liquid turns into a solid, it is called…A. freezingB. condensationC. vaporizationD. melting
????
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Learn It?Did You Learn It?
• During freezing...1. Energy is absorbed2. Energy is released
• During freezing...1. Energy is absorbed2. Energy is released
????ABSORBABSORBABSORBABSORB RELEASERELEASERELEASERELEASE
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
FREEZING (FUSION)FREEZING (FUSION)
• Going from a liquid to a solid is called Going from a liquid to a solid is called freezing, or fusionfreezing, or fusion..
• The particles The particles release (lose) energyrelease (lose) energy..• ReleasingReleasing energy causes particles to energy causes particles to
slow downslow down..
• Going from a liquid to a solid is called Going from a liquid to a solid is called freezing, or fusionfreezing, or fusion..
• The particles The particles release (lose) energyrelease (lose) energy..• ReleasingReleasing energy causes particles to energy causes particles to
slow downslow down..
RELEASEENERGY
RELEASEENERGY
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Learn It?Did You Learn It?
• What does ENDOTHERMIC mean?A. ENDO means outB. ENDO means in
• What does ENDOTHERMIC mean?A. ENDO means outB. ENDO means in
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Learn It?Did You Learn It?
• When a liquid turns into a gas, it is called…A. freezingB. condensationC. vaporizationD. melting
• When a liquid turns into a gas, it is called…A. freezingB. condensationC. vaporizationD. melting
????
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Learn It?Did You Learn It?
• During vaporization...1. Energy is absorbed2. Energy is released
• During vaporization...1. Energy is absorbed2. Energy is released
????ABSORBABSORBABSORBABSORB RELEASERELEASERELEASERELEASE
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
BOILING (VAPORIZATION)BOILING (VAPORIZATION)
• Going from a liquid to a gas is called Going from a liquid to a gas is called boiling or vaporizationboiling or vaporization..
• The particles The particles absorb (gain) energyabsorb (gain) energy..• AbsorbingAbsorbing energy causes particles to energy causes particles to
speed upspeed up..
• Going from a liquid to a gas is called Going from a liquid to a gas is called boiling or vaporizationboiling or vaporization..
• The particles The particles absorb (gain) energyabsorb (gain) energy..• AbsorbingAbsorbing energy causes particles to energy causes particles to
speed upspeed up..
ABSORBABSORBENERGYENERGYABSORBABSORBENERGYENERGY
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Learn It?Did You Learn It?
• When a solid turns into a liquid, it is called…A. freezingB. condensationC. vaporizationD. melting
• When a solid turns into a liquid, it is called…A. freezingB. condensationC. vaporizationD. melting
????
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Learn It?Did You Learn It?
• During melting...1. Energy is absorbed2. Energy is released
• During melting...1. Energy is absorbed2. Energy is released
????ABSORBABSORBABSORBABSORB RELEASERELEASERELEASERELEASE
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
MELTINGMELTING
• Going from a solid to a liquid is called Going from a solid to a liquid is called meltingmelting..
• The particles The particles absorb (gain) energyabsorb (gain) energy..• AbsorbingAbsorbing energy causes particles to energy causes particles to
speed upspeed up..
• Going from a solid to a liquid is called Going from a solid to a liquid is called meltingmelting..
• The particles The particles absorb (gain) energyabsorb (gain) energy..• AbsorbingAbsorbing energy causes particles to energy causes particles to
speed upspeed up..
ABSORBABSORBENERGYENERGYABSORBABSORBENERGYENERGY
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Learn It?Did You Learn It?
• When a vapor turns into a liquid, it is called…A. freezingB. condensationC. vaporizationD. melting
• When a vapor turns into a liquid, it is called…A. freezingB. condensationC. vaporizationD. melting
????
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Learn It?Did You Learn It?
• During condensation...1. Energy is absorbed2. Energy is released
• During condensation...1. Energy is absorbed2. Energy is released
????ABSORBABSORBABSORBABSORB RELEASERELEASERELEASERELEASE
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
CONDENSATIONCONDENSATION
• Going from a gas to a liquid is called Going from a gas to a liquid is called condensingcondensing..
• The particles releaseThe particles release (lose) energy(lose) energy..• ReleasingReleasing energy causes particles to energy causes particles to
slow downslow down..
• Going from a gas to a liquid is called Going from a gas to a liquid is called condensingcondensing..
• The particles releaseThe particles release (lose) energy(lose) energy..• ReleasingReleasing energy causes particles to energy causes particles to
slow downslow down..
RELEASEENERGY
RELEASEENERGY
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Learn It?Did You Learn It?
• When a solid turns into a vapor, it is called…A. vaporizationB. condensationC. sublimationD. melting
• When a solid turns into a vapor, it is called…A. vaporizationB. condensationC. sublimationD. melting
????
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Learn It?Did You Learn It?
• During sublimation...1. Energy is absorbed2. Energy is released
• During sublimation...1. Energy is absorbed2. Energy is released
????ABSORBABSORBABSORBABSORB RELEASERELEASERELEASERELEASE
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
SUBLIMATIONSUBLIMATION
• Going from a solid to a gas is called Going from a solid to a gas is called sublimationsublimation..
• The particles The particles absorb (gain) energyabsorb (gain) energy..• AbsorbingAbsorbing energy causes particles to energy causes particles to
speed upspeed up..
• Going from a solid to a gas is called Going from a solid to a gas is called sublimationsublimation..
• The particles The particles absorb (gain) energyabsorb (gain) energy..• AbsorbingAbsorbing energy causes particles to energy causes particles to
speed upspeed up..
ABSORBABSORBENERGYENERGYABSORBABSORBENERGYENERGY
Temperature Curve of Water
Heat Added (kJ)
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
ENDOTHERMICENDOTHERMIC
EXOTHERMIC
MELTINGPOINT
BOILINGPOINT
LIQUID
VAPOR
SOLID
MELTINGMELTING
VAPORIZATIONVAPORIZATION
CONDENSATIONCONDENSATION
FREEZINGFREEZING
SUBLIMATIO
N
SUBLIMATIO
N
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Learn It?Did You Learn It?
• As ice As ice meltsmelts or or freezesfreezes, , the temperature does the temperature does not change.not change.
• TRUETRUE, the energy, the energyis used to breakis used to breakthe bonds.the bonds.
• As ice As ice meltsmelts or or freezesfreezes, , the temperature does the temperature does not change.not change.
• TRUETRUE, the energy, the energyis used to breakis used to breakthe bonds.the bonds.
Temperature Curve of Water
Heat Added (kJ)
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
No Temp ChangeBond Breaking
MELTINGMELTING
FREEZINGFREEZING
No Temp ChangeBond Forming
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Learn It?Did You Learn It?
• As water As water vaporizesvaporizes or or condensescondenses, the , the temperature increases.temperature increases.
• FALSEFALSE, the energy, the energyis used to breakis used to breakbonds, so the tempbonds, so the tempdoesn’t change.doesn’t change.
• As water As water vaporizesvaporizes or or condensescondenses, the , the temperature increases.temperature increases.
• FALSEFALSE, the energy, the energyis used to breakis used to breakbonds, so the tempbonds, so the tempdoesn’t change.doesn’t change.
Temperature Curve of Water
Heat Added (kJ)
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
VAPORIZATIONVAPORIZATION
CONDENSATIONCONDENSATION
MELTINGMELTING
FREEZINGFREEZING
No Temp ChangeBond Breaking
No Temp ChangeBond FormingMELTINGMELTING
FREEZINGFREEZING
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONENDOTHERMIC REACTION
• Energy is Energy is absorbedabsorbed by reactionby reaction• HEATHEAT is a reactant (is a reactant (left sideleft side))• NHNH44NONO3 3 + H+ H22O + O + HEAT HEAT NHNH44
+ + + NO+ NO33--
• Energy is Energy is absorbedabsorbed by reactionby reaction• HEATHEAT is a reactant (is a reactant (left sideleft side))• NHNH44NONO3 3 + H+ H22O + O + HEAT HEAT NHNH44
+ + + NO+ NO33--
LOWTEMP
HIGHTEMP
HEAT FLOWThermochemistry Video
Energy Diagram
Reaction Progress
Pot
entia
l Ene
rgy
reactant
product
ENDOTHERMICENDOTHERMIC
ABSORBABSORBABSORBABSORB RELEASERELEASERELEASERELEASE
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
EXOTHERMIC REACTIONSEXOTHERMIC REACTIONS
• Energy is Energy is releasedreleased by reaction by reaction• HEAT HEAT is a product (is a product (right sideright side))• NaClONaClO3 3 NaCl + ONaCl + O2 2 + + HEATHEAT
• Energy is Energy is releasedreleased by reaction by reaction• HEAT HEAT is a product (is a product (right sideright side))• NaClONaClO3 3 NaCl + ONaCl + O2 2 + + HEATHEAT
Play Gummi Bear Video
Play Flaming Gummi Bear Video
LOWTEMP
HIGHTEMP
HEAT FLOW
Thermochemistry Video
Energy Diagram
Reaction Progress
Pot
entia
l Ene
rgy
reactant
productEXOTHERMICEXOTHERMIC
ABSORBABSORBABSORBABSORB RELEASERELEASERELEASERELEASE
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
ENERGY GRAPHSENERGY GRAPHS
• The The productsproducts in an in an endothermicendothermic reactions have reactions have higher energy higher energy because because energy was absorbedenergy was absorbed..
• HeatHeat is a is a reactant (left side)reactant (left side) in in endothermicendothermic reactions. reactions.
• The The productsproducts in an in an exothermicexothermic reaction have a reaction have a lower energy lower energy because because energy was releasedenergy was released..
• HeatHeat is a is a product (right side)product (right side) in in exothermicexothermic reactions. reactions.
• The The productsproducts in an in an endothermicendothermic reactions have reactions have higher energy higher energy because because energy was absorbedenergy was absorbed..
• HeatHeat is a is a reactant (left side)reactant (left side) in in endothermicendothermic reactions. reactions.
• The The productsproducts in an in an exothermicexothermic reaction have a reaction have a lower energy lower energy because because energy was releasedenergy was released..
• HeatHeat is a is a product (right side)product (right side) in in exothermicexothermic reactions. reactions.
How a Catalyst Works Thermochemistry Video
Energy Diagram
Reaction Progress
Pot
entia
l Ene
rgy
reactant
productEXOTHERMICEXOTHERMIC
Can I speed upthe reaction?
Add a CatalystAdd a Catalyst
Lowers Activation
Energy
Lowers Activation
Energy
Energy Diagram
Reaction Progress
Pot
entia
l Ene
rgy
reactant
product
ENDOTHERMICENDOTHERMIC
Can I speed upthe reaction?
Add a CatalystAdd a CatalystLowers Activation
Energy
Lowers Activation
Energy
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
CATALYSTSCATALYSTS
• You can You can speed up speed up a reaction by a reaction by adding a adding a catalystcatalyst..
• CatalystsCatalysts lowerslowers the the activationactivation energy energy (energy to get the reaction started).(energy to get the reaction started).
• Your body uses Your body uses catalystscatalysts called called enzymesenzymes to to break down food break down food faster.faster.
• CatalystsCatalysts are written are written above the arrowabove the arrow in a reaction.in a reaction.
• You can You can speed up speed up a reaction by a reaction by adding a adding a catalystcatalyst..
• CatalystsCatalysts lowerslowers the the activationactivation energy energy (energy to get the reaction started).(energy to get the reaction started).
• Your body uses Your body uses catalystscatalysts called called enzymesenzymes to to break down food break down food faster.faster.
• CatalystsCatalysts are written are written above the arrowabove the arrow in a reaction.in a reaction.
How a Catalyst Works Hydrogen Peroxide & Yeast