DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 100 235 HE 006 135
TITLE Governing Boards of Public Universities and Colleges:Composition, Selection, Length of Terms.
INSTITUTION California State Legislature, Sacramento. JointCommittee on Postsecondary Education.
PUB DATE Apr 74NOTE 30p.
!DVS PRICEDESCPIPTORS
ME-$0.75 HC-$1.85 PLUS POSTAGE*Educational Administration; *Governance; *GoverningBoards; *Higher Education; State Boards of Education;Statistical Data; Student Participation; Surveys;*Trustees
ABSTRACTThere are currently measures before the California
Legislature that would make changes in: (1) the composition of theboards that govern the state's public institutions of highereducation; (2) the selection process for board membenJ; and (3) thelength of terms. The Joint Committee on Postsecondary Education hasconducted a survey to determine the characteristics of highereducation governing boards in other states. A questionnaire was sentto the chief executive officer of the statewide boards of highereducation in all 50 states. Table 1 is a summary of the surveyresults. It includes information on the governing boards of majorinstitutions/systems in each state. Table 2 lists the terms of officein descending order. It is preceded in a brief discussion. Thecomposition of governing boards is then discussed. Tables 3 and 4 arelists of institutions that have student and faculty representativesserving as members of governing boards. (Author/PG)
GOVERNING BOARDS OF
PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES:
Composition, Selection, Length of Terms
U I DE PARTMENTMEAtt,ts
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A Survey Preparedby the staff of
the
JOINT COMMITTEE ON POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION
CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE
April, 1974
INTRODUCTION
There are currently measures before the California Legislature
which would make changes in: (1) the composition of the boards
which govern the state's public institutions of higher education,
(21 the selection process for board members, and (3) the length of
terms.
The Joint Committee on Postsecondary Education has conducted
a survey to determine the characteristics of higher education
governing boards in other states. A questionnaire was sent to
the chief .ecutive officer of the statewide boards of higher
education in all 50 states. Information was not requested for
statewide planning and coordinating boards or boards whose functions
are primarily advisory. Forty-one questionnaires were returned.
Additional information was obtained through telephone interviews
and from the American Council on Education's llth edition of
American Universities and Colleges and from "Higher Education in
the States" (Vol. 2, No. 4) published by the Education Commission
of the States.
Table I is a summary of the survey results. It includes
information on the governing boards of major institutions/systems
in each state.
Trustees and regents are selected in a variety of ways. Most
are appointed by the Governor, subject to legislative confirmation.
Others are publicly elected (either statewide or by districts);
elected by the legislature, other members of the board, or by
special interest groups; or selected by the Governor from a list of
nominees submitted by other agencies.
3/4/
5
INTRODUCTION, continued
Table IX lists the terms of office in descending order. It
is preceded by a brief discussion.
The composition of governing boards is discussed beginning
on page 10. Tables III and IV are lists of institutions which
have student and faculty representatives serving as members of
governing boards.
s-TATr s:AM!; 11- PrAtio_
JURISDICTION ORNAME or LTTrAMPUSsYTEM/INsTIIVTIon
8U.AAT
TABLE I
OF INFoRMATION
Nrintark orPutiLie MEMBERS
LENOTHOF TERM
Aland's. Tt *..unt. (-f Alabama ( /1). 10
)2 yrs.
Ts s,.t t! 1 Aoisirn Univ. ( /A 10 12 rf.
Ala:J
mir
ii, ..,I .All Pub, Hsqhfr rd. (7/1) 7 R y"s.
Art? ,na li.. . nt .4as A..rivens Rr.a.. q. of 8 8 Irs.
Ariz., M. Ars*. IL I Al -
Arkansas Tristo....Univ. of Arkansas ( /4) 10 10 Yril.
Callfornta Reqests Univ. of C,lit. ( /91 16 16 yrs.
st...^. Calll. St, U. is, Co)) t '14) 16K yrs.
as/errors Calif. Comm. Coll. (99/ ) 15 2 yrs.
Colorado ReeenrsUniv. of Colorado ( /l) 9 6 yrs.
TfUqt04195 State CMIlegPM 4 /SI 7
6 yrs.
Univ. f Connecticut (5 /1) 12 ''. yrs.
State Colleges ( /4) t7 6 yrs.
Delaware Trastecs Univ, of Delawaro 70 6 yrs.
Dist. -f Ciumbia Fed. of Ili.e.e,r Ed. Tea..thers Cr)).. ( /2)v.', City cell.
9
171.:Artgr I., f4t44,ttf .4 All Pub. Dinner I.J. 1 /91 4 n yrs.
DeoTg.a peqpnfN unzv. Sys. of Ga. ( /17)7 yrs.
Hawai. Peiens Univ. of ti.121 11 1/4 yrs.
All Pub. Hiohtr Ed.
1.1.1 RiAvnt,i univ. 'f friary, ( '4) 7r, VT
Tt :st.-. 4 Univ. Ili. (
Tt . S.,. 111 . /.1
t
7
4 yr.i.
itlE.T19 or stlx= -EElec. by mthmr meft's Cott
t b4./Sen. cont.
Olv,/Smn. ,-mrt, Ott%
CeiV 1 . 41f. Pri
Gov./Sen. ennf. Cloi
Pu
Onv-/ Sen. conf. Own/
Gov. /S.-n. cant. CoOfPuMrStOf
Gov./Sen. vont. GoofPuCO
Gov./Sen. Conf.
Statewide elec.
Cuv./5en. cant.f.
lq by now..by alumni
Govrnut
A by 0v.. 10golf oPrpet.
May r-
Gov,/Sen. and Rd.et' Education cont.
anv./Sen. ronf.
Governor
4.1. nr
Unv./SH. con!
's by I.
Pa
Bc
GCPt
P1
TARL t t1.' yr. .i l: 4 yr. 0°11.)
Ati -.ARV t*" IMF.,RMA'"IOR
NUMMI( cif"PUBLIC MEMBERS
1t?
lir
LV1i611tof SI tM MTH ,ASeLE'.'TION EX.tiFFIClo MEMBERS .!1.111147 riputRS FA413TY MEMBERS1: yrs. Ly thr merib'rs Gov.. Supt. c t Ed.
ft 1.0..Nen.
12 .;(11. "..r.t.
1 niwIting. 1 fromci. Set. bystudent.;
, A ry t . f Ed. 1 n,vottsq. set. byStudent Senate
04 Vm. 6 v L. {. Pre4.,U. cf A1.10 1 votsnq. ea. eamm.sleks l'Gc. set.1 t:cla atat
A ,ts. ,Ifw. gen. c^fif. Onv. & Sqrt. nfInstf.
10 10 yr n. (Iy. Sen. DU,. Afft. ()fir.b 4.. $t inn
lb irS. GOv, . n. vont. C Lt
Pub. (mat.. Pres. ofMech. Inst.. Pres. ofSt. Bd. *f Aq.. Pres.ot Univ.
'141 14
1?
44
1 yrs.
4. '7
A yrs.
yra.
C yrs.
Sen. ,1t. Gov.. Spk.of Assembly. Supt. ofPub. foot.. Chant. ofCSI1C
Statewide elec. Pres. "f Uaiv.
, "Sen.
11 t,y n .? Gov.. Commr. Aq..Alumr11 Ste. /St. Bd. f Ed.
anvemot
7A 4 yrs. A Lyfie(f ot,rpot.
4 4. .?.f. q G-t. ":4en. ann 114.f.f Udtvath:tn ,-..7.tit.
!..14. e,...!R..,%. .-nt.
4 yrs. nf-.( t.rr
Gov. Pre,. of U.,Pfert.ig.. Rd. of Ff..Pros. Matt arange
5ant.. att. '1 11.4ner ri.
awied by se.'..of 900,A of 0:'e ic:a
I voting, by Gve.(not req. b
2 nfuntle14. Wwnting, sat.by faculty
If,. P I 4 Oo.. SUpt. .1
Inatruction ,-.adents
7I
r.t f Pur. t A:.. -*;
7 a. t .it.._,,
JURISDICTION ORmAmr or MULTICAMWS
STATP NAME or WARD _SYSTCMIKSTITUTIoN
Trustees rthrdue UhAV. ( /51
Iowa Regents All Pub. Higher Fd. ( /4)
Kansas Regents All 4-yr. Pub. Inst. t /61
Kentucky Trustees Univ. of Ky. /Comm. (3/11Coil. Sys.
Louisiana Supervisors La. State Univ. 0/21
St. 84. of Ed. St. Coil. 6 Univ. ( /10)
Maine Trustees Univ. cif Maine (2/61
Marylant Regents Univ. of Md. t /4)
Trustees 6 State Colleges ( /61
Massschusetts Trustees Univ. of Mass. ( /2)
Trustees 9 State College, t /91
Michigan Regents Univ. of Mich.( /11
Trustees Mich. St. Univ.
Oswrrnors Wayne St. Univ.
Minnesota .- Regents Univ. of Minn.
State Colleges ( /7)
Mississippi Trustees All Pub. 4-yr. Inst. ( /4)
Missouri (''craters Univ. of Missouri t /41
Montana Regnts Montana univ. Sys. (1/6)
Sebraeka Regents Univ. of Neb. ( 12)
Nevada Regents Univ. of NevaJa (3/2)
New Hasmishsro Trustee% Unr. of New Homo. t /IISys.
New Jersey Olvernor% Rutgers. the State( /3;Univ.
a.
New Mexico R*.ti tsf Univ. rtt New fitrwIre
NUMBER mrPPUSLyjitMe8Eilit
:.r1M111
4'. THEM METScii aLLICTION
0 tot. arm... t rte,.
4 6 yrs. Gov./Sen. cont.
9 4 yrs. Gov./Sen. conf.
14 4 yrs. Governor
14 14 yrs. Governor
11 6/P yrs. Elec. by diets.
15 7 yrs. Gov./Exec. Course.cont.
12 5 yrs. Gov./Sen. cont.
9 9 yrs. Governor
IS 7. yrs. Governor
I/ s yrs. Governor
8 R yrs. Statewide elec.
7 S yrs. Statewide elec.
S R yr*. Statewide elec.
12 6 yrs. Legislature
a 6 yrs. Gov./Son. cont.
13 12 yrs. Gov./Sen. conf.
9 6 yrs. Gov./Sen. Cont.
7 .7 Yrs. Gov./Sen. cont.
H 6 yrs. Elec. by Met.
9 6 yrs. Public elec.
11 4 yrs. Gov./conf. by Gov#Exec. Council
6 6 yrs. Gov./Sen. rnnf.
6 yrs. Gov.!Son.
/6)
191
/31
/3)
ROMP nP ;;;111Int
MOW MCMHER.:; I. Still! 1,111! I' rx-prFtctcmmarlls
9
4
14
14
ti
I
9
15
17
8
7
S
1:
ii
S
6
b yrs.
4 yrs.
4 yrs.
14 yrs.
ft P yrs.
yrs.
` yrs.
yre.
yrs.
yrs.
A yrs.
R yrs.
A yrs.
yrs.
6 yrs.
12 yrs.
4 yrs.
yr4.
6 yrs.
4 yrs.
4 7r5.
. yrs.
Gov., Sen. cant.
Gov.; en. cont.
Governor
Governor
tier. by dims.
Gov.:Psee.cent.
Gov...Sen. conf
Governor
Governor
Governor
Statewide elec.
Statewide elec.
Statewide 0100.
Leotslature
Ono. /Sera. cont.
Gov./Sen. cont.
(;env. /Son. conf.
Gov.'Son. nnf.
Elec. by Dist.
Public elec.
Of,v.'ennf. by dmv'sExec.. Council
nr,v.,Sen. onnf.
i. yr 4. i:.
'Governor
Governor
Supt.
Iser. of Ed. &Jliural Services
Sec. of Ag.
Supt. of Schools
(%emorn. of Al.. Ed.Pub. Health & MentalHealth! Chi nt./Sol. of Selectmen(Amherst,
Chen. /St. Rd.of Higher Ed.
Pres. of Univ.
Pres.
Pres.
Pres.
at Univ.
of Univ.
of Univ.
Sec. of Rd.
tire.., Supt. of Put..Comr. rat
higher Ed.
Gov., :nstmrs. of Ed.and Ag., Pres. ofUniv., of N.H.,Keene St. & PlymouthSt.
'Pres. of Unlv..Cherie. of Author Ed.
...firyD.,yr lit. ilB!RS_
I T. _ Tr i. es.tt rat
I voting, studentgovernment reo.
Kern. of systemwidestudent organ. onall standing comm.
Login. pending toadd 2 students
2 n/vnting. studentsenate pros, atAmherst, Boston
1 vnting. 04v.selects
_FA'ULTT pirorsr1 11,votrff4. rhrom,of ic:44. Elartt.
2 voting. elec.by faculty
Reps. of systemwidefaculty organ. onall standing coma.
n /vat. en stndg. comma.
Legis. pending
1 voting, Gov./Sen. conf.
I voting by Gov./cent. by 'Nee.enuncil
1 n/voting. elec.by Univ. Sen..1 year term
I nivottng. elec.By Univ.I year term
SPATE
he York
Mirth Carolina
NAME RuAkb
Regents
Trustees
Rd. otHigher Id.
-et not 6
JURIRDICTIMe noNAtil cF sott;.'AMPI'r:
(1s7:7:'''t A
Gen 41n AtteN erAll Public 4 Priv. Ed.
St. Univ. 4 N.V. (14/761
tniy Univ. of N.Y. (n/111
Univ. of N. Carolina/ ( /141all senior inst.
Nveltrli .4,4: 147 aura.:?
J1
LEttimu
Tv.KM
7 rm.
10 yrs.
4 yrs.
yrs.
%Mil) 411Ellialge
Legislature
Gov./Sen. conf.
6 by Mayor. 3 byGcm./Kwn. conf.
O else'. by Leg.every 2 yrs. (Ba.class of 8 must incl.a min. of I woman. 1Neb. of a Min. race,
I mem. of the min.Patty in the Leg.
!forth Dakota St. Rd. NigherEducation
111 public inst. (1/7) 7 7 yrs. Gov fr. a list of 3nom. submitted byChief Jun., Supt. ofPub. Instr.. and Pres.St. Ed. Assoc. /Senateeonf.
Oftio Trustees Ohio St. Univ. (4/11 9 9 yrs. Ocs./Sen. roof.
Oklahoma Regents Univ. of Oklahoma 7 7 yrs. Gov./Sen. conf.
Regents Oklahoma St. Univ.and State Coll.
B S yrs. Gst./Sen. cont.
Regents 6 St. Coll. a 9 yrs. Gov./Sen. cont.
Oregon of Nighereducation
All 4-yr. Pub. /7)Institutions
7 4 yrs. Gov. /Sen. conf.
Pennsylvsnia Trustees Penn. St. Univ. (18/21 27 1 Isis. 6 by Gov., e byalumni. 6 by cnty.aq. societies
Trustee* Mansfield St. Coll. 9 6 yrs. Governor
Rhode Island Regent* Univ. of Rh, Island (1/2) Ii 1 yrs. Gov./Sen. conf.
South Carolina Trustees Univ. of So. Caroling WI) 16 4 yr*. Elegy by Leg.from Wilts.
Trustees State Colleges ( /31 16 4 yrs. Elev. by Leg,from Diets.
Trustees Winthrop College 9 C 7 pier. by Leg..1 elec. by alumni
f,uth Dekrits Regents Univ. of S. Dakota 4 ( /61 7 1, yrs. Gov./Sen. conf.7 other institutions
Tennessee Trustees Univ. of Tennessee t 'SI 16 4 yrs. Governor
Regents Regional Univs. 4 ( /6) 12 4 yrs. GovernorComm. Colleges
1
17 t
Siyitint.
Mi4141,
4
t in1 )1
1 1.1RM 4111
7 y494, Legislature
-;v.14TYI"N EX7: 4') 1 1 r941714
td yrs. Gev.iften,
c, yrs. A by fitayr. 1 by Chmle. of CityG"v./Sen. - -.int. shoot Dist.
0 yrs. L etre. by Loq.every 2 yrs. (Ea.elass of R must incl.a min. of 1 woman. 1
mem. of a min. race.6 1 mem. of the min.party in the Leq.
' yrs, Gew. tr. 4 list of )
nom. submitted byChief due.. Supt. ofPub. Instr., and Pres.St. Ed. Assoc./Senatecont.
0 ' yrs. Go-./Sen. cont.
7 t yrs. Gov./Sen. Conf.
1% 4 yrs, G-,v, 110n. eonf. Pres.. St. Bd. of Ag,
41-1.tit.Wt 1aliMAEX6 1.TY _qt:Sh41:st
Each campus haskcal board withstudent member
8 9 yrs. G,Ar./Sen. conf. Supt. of Schools
7 4 yrs. Gov./Sen. cont. 2 voting. amt. bynov./Sen. ronf.
2) 27 1 yrs. A by Gmv.. 0 byalumni, 6 by enty.aq. societies
Goy., Sock. of A4..Ed., & Env,rou.Resources
t voting, appt. byGov. (not req.by law)
A yrs. Governor Sec. of Ed. 1 riftovtanq, SS 2 n/voting. tac.
(112) I t i yrs. olv,,sen. -onf, 1 Legislators
Pres,
1 vrtinsp. appt.by Gov. Snot req.by law)
00~11 chant.
a (7/1) 16 I yrs. Elec. by Leq.iron
any.. Supt. 0-Ed., 2 Legislators
16 4 yr-. by 1,04.tr m Drsts.
9 r.. 7 -lue. by Leg.,,' to. El. alumni
clov Supt, of Ed.2 Legislators
2 votsmg, PrElk.of student govt.
1 voting. view.by f.w'ilty
/tiptoe.
t /61 7 yrs. I ,v.,50.n.
14 q yrs. C1smrs. of Ed. &Aq., Dir. of HigherEd. COMM., Pres. (.fUntse. of Tennessee
IA, l2 4 yrq. Guy. , Commrs. of Ed.& Act.. Dir. of HigherEd. rnmmissioh
TodA
NAME OF _HOARD
Pegentit
J111SPICTION ORMAteok/IMTICARPtIR_$Y...9112LUEELEE2122_
cnik. it Tex. Sys. 0/41bds. tor Tex.
fltddliFS o4.
PURI. ill MIMEStFge2M1
?rs.
METHOD oF sturnes
Gov./Sen. wont.
Utah St. WI. Regent ,a
A&M Univ. Sys.. Univ.of Houston Sys., Tex.Ada Syd. f St, Sen. Coils.
All Public Higher Ed. 14 ' yrs. Gov./Sen. cont.
Vermont Trustees Univ. of Vermont El yrs. 4 by Lug.. 3 by00v.. 9 sett-potpetuating
Trustees Vermont St. 0011s. ( 111 9 it yrs. Gov./Sen. cnnf.
Virginia Tr istees William 6 Mary 11/21 17 4 yrs. Gov./3 rec, byalumni
Vssitors Univ. of Virginia 1 /41 IS I yrs. Governor
Washington Regents Univ. of Washington 7 6 yrs. Gov./Lee. cont.
Regents Wash. St. Univ. 6 yrs. Gov./Sen. eonf.
West Virginia Regents All Pub. Higher Ed. 11/101 9 yrs. Gov./Sen. cont.
Wisconsin Regents Merged Wie. St. Univ. 114/111 16 7 yrs. Gov./Sen. cont.& Univ. of Wis. Sys.
Wyoming Trustees Univ. of Wyoming 12 Governer
12
St 40PP `1. 711141-1..4
rarTli1' Tr kir? mrsynn !vjgrAtilleTlott rx.!. Pr lk t131E11..4
S/4) # of P 'hen +nf.
7011s.
it. yrs. c;..v./Sen. cont.
y t . q by Leci.. .1 by
(Icy.. 9 self-petpett..atiny
/4} 4 yr%. Gkv. Sen. cont.
1' 4 yrs. ree. byalumns
/4)
3/1M) 4
(14/11t 16
I yrs. Governor
h yrs.
*. yrs,
Gov.. Pres. 'q
Gov. `Ley. cof. Pres. at alums.assoc.
Gov./Sen. cont. Pres. of Unsv.
'4 y.q. new./Sen. conf.
7 y o env.15en. cont.
Supt. of Pub. Instr.
Supt. 'f Pub. Instr..Pres./Bd. ofTech. 6 Adult 1d,
1.tDESIT 14114pEas Aolj,ty qtr M!* K.
n'votInct. ores-f undergrad. and}ta. Sc's
I n/vortfna. pres.a faculty senate
12 Governor Gov.. Pres. cf Untv.. 1 n!vottng. Pres. I n/vctsfufgupt. of Instr. tt SB
13
14LENGTH OF TERMS
The length of term ranges from two years (University of
Hawaii) to sixteen years (University of California). See
Table II.
The public institutions most often compared to the University
of California are Michigan, Wisconsin, and Illinois. The trustees
and regents for these institutions serve terms of six to eight
years.
The Carnegie Commission on Higher Education has classified
institutions on the basis of educational functions and the
characteristics of students and faculty. Twenty-four stcAtes
have public institutions listed by the Commission as among the
fifty leading research universities in terms of federal financial
support of academic science. 1
Of the twenty-four boards responsible for the governance of
these institutions, only the University of California Regents
serve terms longer than nine years. Thirty-three percent serve
six to seven years; twenty-one percent have terms of five years
or less.
The Regents of the University of the State of New York have
general supervisory authority over all public and private education
in that state. Governor Wilson has recently signed a measure--given
bipartisan approval by both houses in the legislature--reducing
the length of regental term from fifteen years to seven years.
Senator Thomas McGowan (R-Buffalo) stated the need frit- keeping the
state's education governing body reasonably contemporary and aware
of the rapidly changing problems in public education.2 The New
and regents for these institutions serve terms of six to eight
years.
The Carnegie Commission on Higher Education has classified
institutions on the basis of educational functions and the
characteristics of students and faculty. Twenty-four states
have institutions listed by the Commission as among the
fifty leading research universities in terms of federal financial
support of academic science. 1
Of the twenty-four boards resnonsible for the governance of
these institutions, only the University of California Regents
serve terms longer than nine years. Thirty-three percent serve
six to seven years; twenty-one percent have terms of five years
or less.
The Regents of the University of the State of New York have
general supervisory authority over all public and private education
in that state. Governor Wilson has recently signed a measure--given
bipartisan approval by both houses in the legislature--reducing
the length of regental term from fifteen years to seven years.
Senator Thomas McGowan (R-Buffalo) stated the need for keeping the
state's education governing body reasonably contemporary and aware
of the rapidly changing problems in public education.2 The New
York Regents, themselves, last year recommended a reduction to
ten years in the interest of greater public responsiveness and
accountability.
15
16TABLE II
LENGTH OF TERM (Descending_ Order)
NOTE: The underlined boards are those with governance responsibilitiesfor research universities identified by the Carnegie Commission onHigher Education as the leading public universities in terms of federalfinancial support of academic science. The enrollment range for thesepublic institutions is 5,546 (Univ. of California, San Diego) to60,852 (Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis-St. Paul).
NUMBER OF YEARS
16
14
12
10
10
10
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
NAME OF BOARD
Regents
Supervisors
Trustees
Trustees
Trustees
Trustees
Regents
Trustees
Trustees
Trustees
Regents
Governors
Resents
Trustees
Trustees
Regents
Regents
Regents
Trustees
Bd. of Higher Ed.
Regents
Regents
JURISDICTION OR NAME OFMULTICAMPUS SYSTEM/INSTITUTION
Univ. of California
Louisiana State Univ.
All 4-yrs. public institutionsin Mississippi
Univ. of Alabama
State Univ. of New York
Univ. of Arkansas
Al] public higher ed. in WestVirginia
Univ. of Tennessee
Ohio State Univ.
Purdue Univ.
All public higher ed. in Florida
Univ. of North Carolina
Univ. of Michigan
Michigan State Univ.
Calif. State Univ. & Colleges
All public higher education in Alaska
Univ of Arizona, Arizona State Univ.
Univ. of Wisconsin System
Univ. of Oklahoma
All public higher education inNorth Dakota
General supervisory authority overall public & private education inNew York
Montana Univ. System
14
12
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
S
7
7
7
Viii .. LOA.
Supervisors Louisiana State Univ.
Trustees All 4-yrs. public institutionsin Mississippi
Trustees Univ. of Alabama
Trustees State Univ. of New York
Trustees Univ. of Arkansas
Regents All public higher ed. in WestVirginia
Trustees Univ. of Tennessee
Trustees Ohio State Univ.
Trustees Purdue Univ.
Regents All public higher ed. in Florida
Governors Univ. of North Carolina
Regents Univ. of Michigan
Trustees Michigan State Univ.
Trustees Calif. State Univ. & Colleges
Regents All public higher education in Alaska
Regents Univ of Arizona} Arizona State Univ.
Regents Univ. of Wisconsin System
Trustees Univ. of Oklahoma
Bd. of Higher Ed. All public higher education inNorth Dakota
7 Regents General supervisory authority overall public & private education inNew York
7
7
7
7
6
6
Regents Montana Univ. System
Trustees Univ. of Massachusetts
Trustees Univ. of Maine
Regents Univ. System of Georgia
Regents Univ. of Washington
Regents Univ. of Colorado8
18TABLE II
LENGTH OF TERM (Descending Order)
(Continued)
JURISDICTION OR NAME OFNUMBER OF YEARS NAME OF BOARD MULTICAMPUS SYSTEM/INSTITUTION
6 Regents Washington State Univ.
6 Trustees Univ. of Vermont
6 Regents All public higher education
6 Regents Univ. of Texas System
6 Regents Univ. of South Dakota
6 Regents Univ. of New Mexico
6 Trustees Univ. of Illinois
6 Governors
6 Regents Univ. of
6 Regents Univ. of
6 Curators Univ. of
6 Regents Univ. of
6 Regents All public higher education
6 Trustees Univ. of Delaware
5 Trustees Univ. of Connecticut
5 Bd. of Higher Ed. City University of New York
5 Regents Univ. of Maryland
5 Regents Univ. of Idaho
4 Visitors Univ. of Virginia
4 Trustees Univ. of South Carolina
4 Bd. of Higher Ed. All 4-yr. public institutions in
in Utah
Rutgers, the State Univ. (New Jersey)
Nevada
Nebraska
Missouri
Minnnsota
in Iowa
4
4
4
4
3
Trustees
Trustees
Regents
Governors
Regents
Oregon
Univ. of New Hampshire System
ITSryilvt; ofm
All 4-yr.Kansas
Kentucky-Community College
public institutions in
Calif. Community Colleges
Univ. of Rhode Island
6 Trustees Univ. of Illinois
6 Governors Rutgers the State Univ. (New Jersey)
6 Regents Univ. of Nevada
6 Regents Univ. of Nebraska
6 Curators Univ. of Missouri
6 Regents Univ. of Minnesota
6 Regents All public higher education is Iowa
6 Trustees Univ. of Delaware
5 Trustees Univ. of Connecticut
5 Bd. of Higher Ed. City University of New York
5 Regents Univ. of Maryland
5 Regents Univ. of Idaho
4 Visitors Univ. of Virginia
4 Trustees Univ. of South Carclina
4 Bd. of Higher Ed. All 4-yr. public institutions inOregon
4 Trustees Univ. of New Hampshire System
4 Trustees Univ. of Kentucky-Community CollegeSystem
4 Regents All 4-yr. public institutions inKansas
4 Governors Calif. Community Colleges
3 Regents Univ. of Rhode Island
3 Trustees Pennsylvania State University
3 Trustees Indiana Univ.
2 - 4 Regents 19University of Hawaii
9
COMPOSITION
A 1973 Department of Health, Education, and Welfare report
discusses four characteristics of higher education board members.
The University of California Board of Regents and California
State University and Colleges Board of Trustees generally reflect
national characteristics with respect to sex, race, age, and
income. However, the Regents tend to be older and the appointed
members are 100 percent white.
Nationally, between 86 and 89 percent of governing board
members are male. 4For the UC Regents and CSUC Trustees the
3
figures are 88 percent and 75 percent respectively.
A second national characteristic of governing board members
is their racial complexion. Ninety-six percent of the trustees
examined in a 1969 survey were white: less than 2 percent were
black.5
As noted above, the composition of the appointive members
of the UC Regents is totally white. Eighty-eight percent of the
CSUC Trustees are white.
Figures suggest that, nationally, only 70 to 85 percent of
trustees are over 50 years of age.6
Yet all* of the UC Regents
are 50 or older. Information regarding birth years was available
for 11 of the 16 appointed CSUC Trustees. Eighty-two percent
are at least 50 years of age and 18 percent are 70 or older.
The final characteristic of college trustees to be examined
::eats with their income bracket. Between 53 and 70 percent of
the trustees examined made over $20,000 annually. 7We do not have
information on the income levels of California Regents and Trustees.
However, it can be assumed that they are at least at the level
noted above. Members of the Board of Regents include prominent
attorneys, successful businessmen, ald presidents of corporations.
*The birth year of one of the 16 appointed Regents is not knownto us.
22
COMPOSITION, continued
Ex-officio members
Forty-three of the 75 boards included in this survey have at
least one ex-officio member. The most common ex-officio members are
governors, superintendents of public instruction, and presidents
of the institutions. The complete list of ex-officios is in-
cluded in Table I.
Student and Faculty Membership
In 1973, the Center for Research and Development in Higher
Education published a report on the decision patterns of boards
of trustees. The report concluded that:
The practice of designating for board membershipmembers of the institution's faculty or studentbody with voting, limited voting, or nonvotingmemberships is increasing every year. While manyof these memberships have been added by state law,a larger number of boards have by their own actioninvited students and faculty members to sit withthe boards and participate in discussions. Inmost cases these are nonvoting memberships butin a number of cases the boards have extendedlimited voting privileges--in committee meetingsbut not in the full board meetings, or with voteslimited to issues in certain designated subjectareas. The extension of these privileges tostudents is more common than to faculty members.Some boards or their state legislatures havedecided that including members from their ownfaculty would constitute a conflict of interest.In at least one case a faculty organizationdeclined the invitation to select one of theirmembers for voting board membership. There islittle question that trustee boards are en-couraging greater participation in their affairsby faculty members and students. This is illus-trated by the fact that 14 of the 19 institutionsincluded in the study have developed eitherformal voting representation or extended somekind of informal type of representation tofaculty memkers or students within the lastfive years.'
Tables ITT and IV give a breakdown of those states and public
instit.acions with student and faculty members on governing hoards.
COMPOSITION, continued
Two of the four public institutions which the University of
California uses as comparison institutions for the purpose of
determining faculty sal4ries have nonvoting student participants
in the governance process. Three students, nine public members
and two ex-officios govern the University of Illinois. There
are two student members on all standing committees of the
University of Minnesota Regents.
We have verified that at least 20 states have student
members on governing boards. In at least three states--Connecticut,
Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island--student trustees have been appointed
by Governors. However, there is no statutpry requirement for
student representation.
Governing boards in Oregon, Alaska, Kentucky, Massachusetts,
Montana, New Hampshire and South Carolina have voting student
members. The states of Wyoming, Washington, Alabama, Illinois,
Indiana, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania--and the District of
Columbia--have nonvoting student members. In Maine and Minnesota,
students are represented on all standing committees. Not all
institutions have waited for governors and legislators to
mandate student representation. For instance, many individual
boards have added students on their own initiative.
The Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges
added a nonvoting student representative by resolution in 1969. 9
The CCC administration and members of the Board have told us
that student participation has been beneficial and worthwhile.
The University of Kentucky was the first institution to
gain a student as a full voting member on its governing board.
The President of the University of Kentucky wrote last March:
In summation, the experience of the Universityof Kentucky with a student member on the Boardof Trustees has been good and the input ofstudent opinion into the deliberations pw theBoard has been valuable and worthwhile.
26
COMPOSITION, continued
Several states have faculty trustees or regents by viture
of their public election to the board. However, we know at
Least nine states have specific faculty representatives. We
have verified that six states have nonvoting faculty members
and two have faculty with full voting membership.
27
TABLE III
GOVERNING BOARDS WITH STUDENT mEtspa
NUMBER OFSTUDENT MEMBERS
NUMBER OFSTATE PUBLIC MEMBERS
ALABAMA
Univ. of Alabama
Auburn Univ.
ALASKA (Statewide board)
10
10
7
CONNECTICUT (State colleges) 12
DIST. OF COLUMBIA 9
ILLINOIS
Univ. of Illinois 9
So. Illinois Univ. 7
INDIANA (Purdue Univ.) 9
KENTUCKY (Univ. of Ky.) 14
MAINE (Univ. of Maine) 15
MARYLAND (Univ. of Md.)
MASSACHUSETTS
12
Univ. cf Mass. 15
State Colleges 12
MINMESOTA (Univ. of Minn.) 12
MONTANA (Statewide) 7
NEW HAMPSHIRE (Univ. of N.H.) 12
NEW JERSEY (Rutgers) 6
OREGON (Statewide) 7
PENNSYLVANIA
Penn. State Univ. 27
Mansfield State Coll. 9
RHODE ISLAND (Univ. of Rh. Is.) 13
SOUTH CAROLINA (Winthrop Coil.) 9
WASHINGTON (Univ. of Wash.) 7
Three nonvoting; students selectone from each campus
One nonvoting member; selected bystudent senate
One voting; each campus nominatestwo students/Gov. selects from list
One voting (one of Governor's12 public appointments)
Two nonvoting; selected by students
Three nonvoting; selected bystudents
One nonvoting; selected by students
One nonvoting; elected by students
One voting; student gov't. rep.
Representatives on all standingcommittees
Legislation pending to add twostudents
Two voting; student senate pres-idents at Amherst and Boston
One voting; appointed by Governor
Two nonvoting on standing comms.
One voting; appointed by Governor
One voting; appointed by Governor
One nonvoting; elected by Univ. Sen.
Two voting; appointed by Governor
One voting (one of Governor's 6public appointments)
One nonvoting; SB president
One voting (one of Governor's 13public appointments)
One voting; president of studentgovernment association
Two nonvoting; presidents ofundergraduate & graduate student
DIST. OF COLUMBIA
ILLINOIS
Univ. of Illinois
So. Illinois Univ.
9
9
7
INDIAN; (Purdue Univ.) 9
KENTUCKY (Univ. of Ky.) 14
MAINE (Univ. of Maine) 15
MARYLAND (Univ. of Md.) 12
MASSACHUSETTS
Univ. of Mass. 15
State Colleges 12
MINNESOTA (Univ. of Minn.) 12
MONTANA (Statewide) 7
NEW HAMPSHIRE (Univ. of N.H.) 12
NEW JERSEY (Rutgers) 6
OREGON (Statewide) 7
PENNSYLVANIA
Penn. State Univ. 27
Mansfield State Coll. 9
RHODE ISLAND (Univ. of Rh. Is.) 13
SOUTH CAROLINA (Winthrop Coll.) 9
WASHINGTON (Un...v. of Wash.) 7
WYOMING (Univ. of Wyoming) 12
Note: NORTH CAROLINA - Althoughthe systemwide board does not include -
students, each of the 19 campuses hasa governing board with studentrepresentatives
12 public appointments)
Two nonvoting; selected by students
Three nonvoting; selected bystudents
One nonvoting; selected by students
One nonvoting; elected by students
One voting; student gov't. rep.
Representatives on all standingcommittees
Legislation pending to add twostudents
Two voting; student senate pres-idents at Amherst and Boston
One voting; appointed by Governor
Two nnnvoting on standing comms.
One voting; appointed by Governor
One voting; appointed by Governor
One nonvoting; elected by Univ. Sen.
Two voting; appointed by Governor
One voting (one of Governor's 6public appointments)
One nonvoting; SB president
One voting (one of Governor's 13public appointments)
One voting; president of studentgovernment association
Two nonvoting; presidents ofundergraduate & graduate studentbodies
One nonvoting; SB President
2814
29
TABLE IV,
GQVERNING BoAAD6 WITH FACULTY skium
NUMBER OFSTATE PUBLIC MEMBERS
District of Columbia 9
Indiana (Purdue Univ.) 9
Kentucky (Univ. of Kentucky) 14
Maine (Univ. of Maine) 15
New Jersey (Rutgers) 6
Pennsylvania (Mansfield State) 9
South Carolina (Winthrop) 9
Washington (Univ. of Washington) 7
Wyoming (Univ. of Wyoming) 12
NUMBER OFFACULTY MEMBERS
Two nonvoting; selected byfaculty
One nonvoting; chairman ofAcademic Senate
Two voting; elected byfaculty
Representatives on allstanding committees
One nonvoting; electedby University Senate
One nonvoting; facultycouncil chairman
One voting; elected byfaculty
One nonvoting; presidentof faculty senate
One nonvoting
30
NOTES
1A Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, CarnegieCommission on Higher Education, 1973, pp. 1, 9 - 10.
2"Shorter Regents' Terms," Buffalo Evening News, March 11, 1974.
30n the Nature and Scope of Student Participation on Boards ofTrustees, 0 fice o Yout an Student A a rs, Department ofEiiTTE7Education, and Welfare, January 1973, pp. 5 - 7.
4Ibid.
sIbid.
67bid.
7Ibid.:.
8James G. Paltridge et al Boards of Trustees: Their Decision Patterns,Center for Research and Development in Higher Education, 1973, p. 18.
9Minutes: October, 1969, Board of Governors of the CaliforniaColleges, p. 6.
10Letter from Otis A. Singletary to Mr. Jim Gitz dated March 23, 1973.