Toxoplasmosis gondii
Dubey, J. P. 2006. http://www.parasitology.com.cn/UploadFile/200957135243451.JPG
A Euglenoid: Euglena gracilis
Ex. EuglenaHas algal and protozoan characteristics.Has a primitive mouth.Does not have a cell wall.Has an eyespot.Has flagellum.
Foraminiferans and Radiolarians
Heterotrophic single cells with chalky or glassy shells live in great numbers in the world’s oceans; cytoplasm extends through many pores
Slime Molds Have both fungal
and protozoal characteristics.
May be cellular or acellular.
Found in soil and on rotting logs.
www.genome.gov
Acellular Slime Molds
Also called plasmodial slime mold. Also produce a stalk and spores. Haploid cells fuse to form diploid cells.
forms large masses of motile, multinucleated protoplasm.
Cellular Slime Molds
Begin life as ameba-like organisms. If harsh conditions ensue, individual
organisms will fuse together to form a motile, multicellular form that is called a slug.
Slug becomes a fruiting body which consists of a stalk and spore cap.
Spores released and are airborne. If suitable habitat is found, a spore
becomes an ameba.
Protozoan Reproduction Asexual reproduction
Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells.
Schizogony Multiple nuclear divisions before cytoplasmic
divisions. Results in more than 2 daughter cells.
Sexual reproduction Gametocyte production
2 haploid gametes which fuse to form a diploid zygote.
Protozoan Classification Based on method
of locomotion. Major groups
Amoebae Pseudopodia
Flagellates Possess
flagella Ciliates
Possess cilia Nonmotile
protozoa Called
sporozoa
Amoeba. Naegleria fowleri. classes.midlandstech.edu
Flagellate. Giardia lamblia. www.pathobio.sdu.edu.cn
Cilate. Balantidium coli. www.tulane.edu
Nonmotile. Plasmodium vivax. www.dpd.cdc.gov
Fungi
Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes. Reproduce asexually and sexually. 5 phyla
based on their mode of sexual reproduction. Lack chlorophyll. Have a cell wall made of chitin. Are saprophytes
“garbage disposers” of nature.
Unicellular Yeast
3-8 µm in diameter. Found in soil and water and on
skin of many fruits and vegetables.
Reproduce by an asexual process called budding.
Results in the production of a type of asexual spore called a blastospore.
Responsible for beer, wine, leavened bread.
Some species are human pathogens (i.e. Candida albicans).
Yeast cells budding. immunenhance.com
Multicellular Fungi Possess
hyphae A hypha is a
tube-like cell. A mass of
hyphae forms a mycelium.
Septate hyphae have cross walls or septations.
Non-septate hyphae lack cross walls or septations.
Hyphal structure with septae. www.fungionline.org.uk
Multicellular Fungi Reproduction
Sexual or asexual reproduction. Can produce sexual or asexual spores. Sexual spores form by the fusion of 2
gametes. Asexual spores form in many different
ways.
Molds Consists of many
types of multicellular fungi.
Have great commercial importance.
Consists of many antibiotic producing molds like Penicillium.
Used to make many different kinds of cheese.
Penicillium, a genus of green mold, attacks many fruits and is the source of the antibiotic drug penicillin. www.britannica.com
Moldy bagel. www.sciencedaily.com
Fungi and Disease Are responsible for
diseases in humans, animals, and plants.
In humans, infections could be superficial affecting the skin,
hair, fingernails, toenails.
Some of these fungal infections can be more internal and thus be more severe.
Ringworm. Tinea corporis. www.research.usf.edu
Madura foot.
Lichens Mutualistic
relationship between an alga and a fungus.
Are tough and self-sufficient.
Can inhabit inhospitable habitats such as deserts, newly formed volcanic islands, the Arctic, bare rock.
Grow slowly Arctic colonies grow 1-
2 inches every 1000 years.
Some thought to be over 4000 years old.