EducationTwo Types:
a) Informal Education: People learn skills from
their family members Usually follow in same job
tracks as their parents Ex: Farming societies
b) Formal Education: People learn skills from
experts in various fields Have potential to be
smarter than their parents Ex: College
EconomyThere are three ways to
categorize economies:
1. Amount of Government Control
2. Type of Economic Activity
3. Level of Development
1. Amount of Government ControlCapitalism
People own their own businesses and property and must buy services for private use, such as healthcare
Aka Free-Market Economy
Socialism Government owns many of the
larger industries Provides health, education,
welfare Allows citizens some economic
choices
Communism Government owns all
businesses and farms and provides its people’s healthcare, education, and welfare
2. Type of Economic Activitya) Traditional (Primary)
Economies
b) Industrial (Secondary) Economies
c) High Tech/Service (Tertiary) Economies
Traditional (Primary) Economies1) Foraging
Nomadic scavenging/hunting and gathering
Still practiced in remote parts of Brazil and Papua New Guinea
2) Pastoralism Nomadic herding Still somewhat common in
parts of Asia
3) Subsistence Agriculture Simple farming and ranching to
raise enough for personal/family survival
4) Commercial Agriculture Selling or trading surplus crops
5) Extraction Mining or drilling for natural
resources
Industrial (Secondary) EconomiesNations buy natural
resources from Primary Economies and use them to manufacture goods
Industrial Revolutions cause countries to move from textile manufacturing to heavy industry to higher tech manufacturing
Education usually increases at the same time
High Tech/Service/“Idea” (Tertiary) Economies
Wealthiest nations come up with ideas for things
They then build factories elsewhere to make those things
Once manufactured, it is shipped back to the nation that designed it
In tertiary, education is directly related to earning potential The smarter you are, the richer
you’ll be “Idea” jobs pay well
3. Level of DevelopmentDuring Cold War, there were
three categories: First World
United States and wealthiest allies
Second World Soviet Union and wealthiest
allies Third World
Rest of the world Usually poor US and Soviet Union competed
for control of these countries
Today, we divide the world up as follows:
Very Developed Countries Wealthiest nations in the world Very high levels of health care
and education Ex: US, UK, Japan, Germany
More Developed Countries Most people doing well in these
countries Also have very poor people Eastern European countries
such as Poland and Russia are examples
Developing Countries Poor countries that are starting
to improve Still have low income and
literacy rates, but numbers are getting better
Ex: Brazil and Mexico
Underdeveloped Countries Poorest of the poor Few resources, schools,
hospitals Impoverished populations living
on less than $1 per day Ex: Haiti
FamilyNuclear Family
Two parents and 2.35 kids
Extended Family Three or more
generations living together
Monogamy Marrying one person 135 out of 554 cultures
Polygamy Marrying two or more
people Polygyny
One man marries more than one woman
415 out of 554 cultures Polyandry
One woman marries more than one man
4 out of 554 cultures