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Central and South America Volcanoes Monitoring
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INGV
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Contents
• INGV Experiences on Volcanoes Monitoring
• Proposed approach for Latin American
Italian Seismic and Volcanic SurveillanceItalian Seismic and Volcanic Surveillance
• Italy presents high seismicity on its territory.
• Active volcanoes are located mainly in the southern regions.
• The seismometric network has been developed over the last 20 years.
• Volcanic observatories are active in Napoli and Catania since the presence of Vesuvio-Campi Flegrei and Mt. Etna.
The Italian Volcanic The Italian Volcanic Monitoring System Monitoring System
Italy is subject to different Geohazards risks as earthquakes and volcanoes, moreover the high population density requires a constant surveilance of the volcanoes activiy level.
The permanent monitoring of active volcanic areas involve the surveilance many different phenomena related to volcanic activity
The surveilance system must be efficient on detect the signs of an impending eruption and therefore activate the Civil Protection structures.
The basic requirements are well organized ground based networks that provide continuous data to observatories and operative centres.
Satellite system may improve the monitoring capability by providing new information and a global view of the territory
The map shows the locations of Italian active volcanoes and the main tectonic features of on the central-southern Italy
ITALIAN TECTONIC ITALIAN TECTONIC AND VOLCANIC AND VOLCANIC
FEATURESFEATURES
ITALIAN TECTONIC ITALIAN TECTONIC AND VOLCANIC AND VOLCANIC
FEATURESFEATURES
Type of volcanic activity Type of volcanic activity produced by the Italian volcanoesproduced by the Italian volcanoes
Type of volcanic activity Type of volcanic activity produced by the Italian volcanoesproduced by the Italian volcanoes
• Lava Flows (Lava Flows (Etna, Stromboli, VesuvioEtna, Stromboli, Vesuvio))
• Ash Clouds, Strombolian activity (Ash Clouds, Strombolian activity (Etna, Stromboli, Vesuvio, VulcanoEtna, Stromboli, Vesuvio, Vulcano))
• Anomalous gas emissions (Anomalous gas emissions (Panarea, Colli Albani, VulcanoPanarea, Colli Albani, Vulcano))
• Lahars, land slides, debris-flows (Lahars, land slides, debris-flows (tutti i vulcanitutti i vulcani))
• Tsunami (Tsunami (Stromboli, Etna, VesuvioStromboli, Etna, Vesuvio))
• Pyroclastic Flows (Pyroclastic Flows (Vesuvio, Vulcano, Campi FlegreiVesuvio, Vulcano, Campi Flegrei))
• Caldera Collaps (Caldera Collaps (Campi Fregrei, Vesuvio, EtnaCampi Fregrei, Vesuvio, Etna))
The INGVINGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) is one of the major European research institutes in geophysics. It has many centres and 500 researchers working on seismology, volcanology, geodesy, remote sensing, geochemistry, atmospheric physics.
INGVINGV develops and controls many instrumental networks to monitor seismic and volcanic activity with a 24h surveillance of the Italian territory for the Civil Protection
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e VulcanologiaIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
INGV Departments:
• Centro Nazionale Terremoti
Roma• Seismology and Tectonophysics• Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Envorinment
Napoli• Osservatorio Vesuviano
Catania• Volcanology (Etna-Aeolian Isl.)
Milano• Engineering Seismology
Palermo• Geochemistry
Pisa• Volcanology and modeling
Bologna• Seismology• Climatology
INGV LOCATIONS IN ITALYINGV LOCATIONS IN ITALYINGV LOCATIONS IN ITALYINGV LOCATIONS IN ITALY
Italian seismic and GPS
Network (2009) :
150 BB stations
110 CGPS
60 Strong Motions
Out of ~250 real time stations
3 central hubs:Grottaminarda, Roma and
Catania, each with two receiving antennas
ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
Quasi real-time Quasi real-time data streamdata stream
Re-transmission Re-transmission of lost packets of lost packets
Autonomy from Autonomy from AC powerAC power
EconomyEconomy
Distribution of Permanent NetworkDistribution of Permanent Networkon Volcanic Areason Volcanic Areas
Distribution of Permanent NetworkDistribution of Permanent Networkon Volcanic Areason Volcanic Areas
Monitor Ground Networks in Neapolitan Monitor Ground Networks in Neapolitan Area Area
Monitor Ground Networks in Neapolitan Monitor Ground Networks in Neapolitan Area Area
Ground properties derived developing original remote sensing algorithm:
• Lava flow effusion rate• Reflectance, Emissivity, Ground temperature• DTM • Ground deformation by InSAR techniques
Volcanic plumes parameters derived developing original remote sensing algorithm:
- SO2 content and flux in volcanic plumes- Water content in volcanic plumes- Optical depth- CO2 content in volcanic plumes
Periodic Filed Campaign to Validate algorithm retrievals
EXTRACT THE EXTRACT THE INFORMATION/PARAMETER FROM INFORMATION/PARAMETER FROM
REMOTE SENSED DATAREMOTE SENSED DATA
EXTRACT THE EXTRACT THE INFORMATION/PARAMETER FROM INFORMATION/PARAMETER FROM
REMOTE SENSED DATAREMOTE SENSED DATA
Satellite monitoring facilities Satellite monitoring facilities Satellite monitoring facilities Satellite monitoring facilities
- The INGV Remote Sensing Group has 15 years of experience in the application of SAR Interferometry techniques (authors of the first studies in Italy in 1997) to earthquakes studies and volcanoes monitoring.
- INGV RS Group develops algorithms to extract volcanic parameters from Optical data to monitor temperature, gas emissions and ash clouds.
-The INGV RS Group has a wide experience in SAR data time series generation in volcanic areas from different processing techniques.
- The PSI (Permanent Scatterers Interferometry), the IPTA (Interferometric Point Target Analysis), Small Baselines Subsets (SBAS) and StaMPS (Stanford Method for Persistent Scatters) techniques are currently available at INGV RS Group.
- INGV RS Group has also experienced the project and development of corner reflectors to be installed in volcanic areas to be reference points for SAR Interferometry products.
The INGV RS Group is author of recent studies over the Colli Albani and Etna volcanoes showing the slow deformation of the caldera.
Satellite monitoring activitiesSatellite monitoring activitiesSatellite monitoring activitiesSatellite monitoring activities
locationlocation vulcanovulcano Multitemporal Multitemporal DinSAR DinSAR
Optical Optical sensorssensors SAR sensors usedSAR sensors used
LazioLazioColli Albani X LANDSAT, SPOT,ASTER ERS-ENVISAT
CampaniaCampaniaVesuvio X LANDSAT, SPOT,ASTER,
MODIS, VHRV ERS-ENVISAT
Campi FlegreiX LANDSAT, SPOT,ASTER,
MODIS, AVHRR, VHRV ERS-ENVISAT
Ischia X LANDSAT, SPOT,ASTER ENVISATSiciliaSicilia
Etna
XLANDSAT, SPOT,ASTER, MODIS, AVHRR, MSG,
VHRV
ERS-ENVISATALOS
COSMO-SkyMed TerraSAR-X
Stromboli XLANDSAT, SPOT,ASTER, MODIS, AVHRR, MSG,
VHRVERS-ENVISAT
Vulcano LANDSAT, SPOT,ASTER ERS-ENVISATPanarea LANDSAT, SPOT,ASTER
Pantelleria LANDSAT, SPOT,ASTER
Satellite Monitoring SystemSatellite Monitoring Systemadapted to INGV functionalityadapted to INGV functionalitySatellite Monitoring SystemSatellite Monitoring System
adapted to INGV functionalityadapted to INGV functionality
Hot spot detection Thermal anomalies analysis
INGV has a gained experience in monitoring of volcanoes with an integrated approach employing both Remote Sensing and Ground data.
The Project SRV (Sistema Rischio Vulcanico http://srv1.rm.ingv.it/srv/srv) funded by ASI (the Italian Space Agency), is an example of such a system, developed according to the Italian DPC (Civil Protection Department) requirements, using COSMO-SkyMed data provided by ASI and downloaded through dedicated receiving antennas, under specific agreement.
SISTEMA RICHIO VULCANICO (SRV)SISTEMA RICHIO VULCANICO (SRV)SISTEMA RICHIO VULCANICO (SRV)SISTEMA RICHIO VULCANICO (SRV)
Etna Etna Ash and lava distribution map productAsh and lava distribution map product
Etna Etna Volcanic thickness productVolcanic thickness product
EtnaEtnaDeformation Map from DinSAR product (time Deformation Map from DinSAR product (time series)series)
Post Crisis PhasePost Crisis Phase
Etna Etna Volcanic Plumes and Clouds analysis productVolcanic Plumes and Clouds analysis product
EtnaEtnaThermal Flux, Effusion RateThermal Flux, Effusion Rate
EtnaEtnaDeformation Map from DinSAR produsc (time Deformation Map from DinSAR produsc (time series) series)
EtnaEtnaDeformation Map from InSAR product (sin Deformation Map from InSAR product (sin eruptive)eruptive)
Crisis PhaseCrisis Phase
EtnaEtnaDegassing Plumes analysis productDegassing Plumes analysis product
Etna, Campi Flegrei, VesuvioEtna, Campi Flegrei, VesuvioSurface temperature and Thermal flux Surface temperature and Thermal flux
Etna and Vesuvio – Campi FlegreiEtna and Vesuvio – Campi FlegreiDeformation Map from DinSAR product (time Deformation Map from DinSAR product (time series)series)
Etna and Vesuvio – Campi FlegreiEtna and Vesuvio – Campi FlegreiMultiparametric Analysis product Multiparametric Analysis product
Knowledge and Knowledge and PreventionPrevention
GEOGRAPHICAL AREAGEOGRAPHICAL AREAEO PRODUCTSEO PRODUCTSPHASEPHASE
SRV Products for end usersSRV Products for end usersSRV Products for end usersSRV Products for end users
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Proposed Approachfor Latin American
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System Concept
• The Volcano Monitoring System will be made of the following elements:
– Ground Network, dedicated to collect primary information from volcanoes with Seismic and GPS systems
– Multi-Satellite Reception Centre, devoted to enrich Ground Network information with processing chain for deriving specific products from optical and radar (SAR) data
– Regional Analysis Platform, representing the centre where both Ground Network and Optical and Radar (SAR) data are analysed and integrated for deriving specific information on monitoring
– Local Delivery Platform, representing the part of the system deployed near the Volcanological observatory where the information is interpreted and make available to Local Authorities and Decision Makers
– Satellite Link System, represent the framework for broadcasting the information especially from the Ground Network to the Regional Analysis Platform and Local Delivery Platform via satellite telecommunications. The use of this network to other communications needs within the system will be evaluated during the feasibility study activities.
• The deployment of these elements depends on the feasibility study result
– It is expected one (or two) multi-satellite reception centre, a regional analysis platform for each country and several local delivery platform.
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MULTI-SATELLITE RECEPTION CENTREMULTI-SATELLITE RECEPTION CENTRE
LOCAL MONITORING INTERFACELOCAL MONITORING INTERFACE
NATIIONAL ANALYSIS PLATFORMNATIIONAL ANALYSIS PLATFORM
Ground or SatelliteLink System
Seismic and GPS data from Ground Monitoring Network
(External Interface )
COSMO-SkyMedSAC-D
SENTINELTERRA/AQUA
…
Ground Network data analysis
EO Data Analysis
Analyst
SAR dataProcessing
Chains
DATA INTEGRATION
Optical data Processing
Chains
Back-up Ground Network Data
Local Authorities and Decision Makers
Operation
Volcanological Observatories
Ground or Satellite Link
Ground or Satellite Link
EUMETSAT Satellite Link
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• The Multi-Satellite Reception Centre will be the centralized ground station for receiving and processing, in near real-time, multi-satellite data over the area of interest
• The Multi-Satellite Reception Centre will operate processing chains for Level 1 and 2 products (SAR and Optical) for volcanic activity monitoring
• The Multi-Satellite Reception Centre will also receive the ground data coming form the local networks which will trigger the acquisition in near real time and real time from the satellites
• The Multi-Satellite Reception Centre will also act as security centre for the ground data storage
• The Multi-Satellite Reception Centre will use satellite link to receive and send data to the regional centers to ensure the timing of the information to the “Decision Makers”
MULTI-SATELLITE DATA CENTRE
MULTI-SATELLITE RECEPTION CENTREMULTI-SATELLITE RECEPTION CENTREMULTI-SATELLITE RECEPTION CENTREMULTI-SATELLITE RECEPTION CENTRE
SAR Processing
Chains
Optical data Processing
Chains
Back-up Ground Network Data
Operation
COSMO-SkyMedSAC-D
SENTINELTERRA/AQUA
…
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• The Regional Analysis Platform may serve more than one volcanic area
• The Regional Analysis Platform will receive ground network data to perform specific analysis
• The Regional Analysis Platform will receive level 1 and 2 data generated by the Multi-Satellite Data Centre
• The Regional Analysis Platform will integrate satellite derived products with ground data
• The Regional Analysis Platform may also contain modules for the volcanic source modeling
• The integrated products will be make available data
Analyst REGIONAL ANALYSIS PLATFORMREGIONAL ANALYSIS PLATFORMREGIONAL ANALYSIS PLATFORMREGIONAL ANALYSIS PLATFORM
EO Data AnalysisEO Data Analysis
DATA INTEGRATIONDATA INTEGRATION
Ground NetworkGround Network data analysisdata analysis
REGIONAL ANALYSIS PLATFORM
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• The Local Delivery Platform represents the portal for the Volcano Observatories to access the Satellite integrate products
• The Local Delivery Platform will use a WEBGIS architecture which will permit the download of the product in vectorial format in order to use them for further integration in legacy systems related with volcanological analysis
LOCAL DELIVERY PLATFORMLOCAL DELIVERY PLATFORMLOCAL DELIVERY PLATFORMLOCAL DELIVERY PLATFORM
Volcanological Observatories
LOCAL DELIVERY PLATFORM
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• The Ground Network will be designed depending from the local existing infrastructures and need in order to optimize the data integration with satellite measurements
• Seismic and GPS systems will represent the prime infrastructure
• Acoustic instruments could also be used. Correlating infrasonic and seismic events provides better eruption detection that ground system will detect and trigger the spatial acquisition systems
GROUND NETWORKGROUND NETWORK(MAINLY Seismic and GPS)(MAINLY Seismic and GPS)
GROUND NETWORK
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• The Satellite Link System will be designed in order to support broadcasting of the information from the Ground Network to the Regional Analysis Platform and Local Delivery Platform.
• The Satellite Link System will consist of a telecommunication satellite broadband that will allow the distribution of any data using fixed and mobile stations.
• The architecture will be based on a Network Operation Centre with a master antenna and remote terminals.
• This network will allow the customer to have a complete broadband infrastructure that could be used to disseminate either Ground Network data (such as IP Multicast Internet Access, Web applications IP, Private Networks Sensor and network monitoring, Terrestrial Backup e disaster recovery, VoIP Video communications, Telemedicine and e-learning).
SATELLITE LINK SYSTEM
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Possible structure for the ground monitoring and the links Possible structure for the ground monitoring and the links with the Data Centers and Local Observatorieswith the Data Centers and Local Observatories