ECOCITY 2008
ECO-FRAMEWORKS FORLONG-TERM SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT
CITY OF THE FUTURE
STEPHEN ENGBLOM
Ecologically Engineering a Global Urban Region
— Capital of the Pacific Age —
Los Angeles 2106…like my only friend Is the city I live in the city of angel – Red Hot Chili Peppers
veimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/2574/PIA03348_lrg.jpg
People who will not sustain trees will soon live in a world that will not sustain people.– Bryce Nelson
— The City in the Forest —
Atlanta 2106
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18.5 inch rainfall deficit
IN 2007, Atlanta faced the second driest year on record
Atlanta received 31.5 inches of rainfallAverage yearly rainfall is 50 inches
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Beneath our Feet – Atlanta’s first Underworld
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1880s Construction of Atlanta’s first sewer system initiated by walling over existing streams – a combined sanitary and storm sewer is designed with cost cited as a major factor
1908 1958 2008
By 1895 58 miles of sanitary and combined sewers exist in an area roughly 10 square miles
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Atlanta’s neglected sewer infrastructure, is at the center of several lawsuits filed against the City of Atlanta for failing to meet clean water standards
1995
1908 1958 2008
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The City of Atlanta signs a Federal Consent Decree,committing the City to an accelerated program of activities designed to improve water quality in metro Atlanta streams and the Chattahoochee and South Rivers. Overall improvements to the Cities underground infrastructure are estimated to cost 3.9 BILLION dollars
1998
1908 1958 2008
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Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Tunnels, are under construction or completed in two primary watersheds to alleviate storm water quality issues during rain events.
2007
1908 1958 2008
Over 2,000 miles of sanitary and combined sewers exist in an area roughly 19 square miles
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2008 2058 2108
Who are we? In 2008 REPLACEMENT ERA OR RESTORATIVE ERA
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Water is brought to the surface…
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The forest comes backto the city…
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Stormwater runoff reduction of 20% at a value of $1.7 billion
Increasing tree cover from 29%(current) to 40% in Atlanta would have the following effect:
(source: American Forests 2001 regional ecosystem analysis of the Atlanta metro)
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Existing infrastructure finds new uses…
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People gather at the ridges…
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The forest links the larger region…
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2108 - The City in the Forest
Atlanta is the first restorative city. Nature is the model for city form and infrastructure. The City lives on the rain that falls on its land. All its energy is from the sun and wind. A web of transit connects all people. Life is in balance.
2108
WATER SENSITIVE CITY
DR. TONY WONG
1. Building flexibility & adaptability in water sources
» “Cities as water supply catchments”
2. Improving water quality and ecosystem health of urban aquatic environment
3. Building social and institutional capital (ie. community receptivity, professional capacity, creating a smart community)
A WATER SENSITIVE CITY
1. Building flexibility & adaptability in water sources
» “Cities as water supply catchments”
A WATER SENSITIVE CITY
NEWaterNEWater
USE
Potable water supply and treatment plant
Discharge
Hot water system
Shower / bathroom taps
Clothes washing
Toilet flushing
Garden irrigation
Built environment
Natural environment
Natural environment
Built environment
Kitchen
MINIMISE
MINIMISE
REUSESewerage treatment
plant (STP)
PROTECT & ENHANCE ENVIRONMENT
STORAGE & REUSE
Stormwater
treatment
Train????
DesalinationDesalination
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Rainfall (mm/week)
Run
off (
mm
/wee
k)
Higher surface temperatures will result in drier catchments and lower runoff – catchment yield likely to diminish
RUNOFF INTO WARRAGAMBA DAM
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Rainfall (mm/week)
Run
off (
mm
/wee
k)
Higher surface temperatures will result in drier catchments and lower runoff – catchment yield likely to diminish
RUNOFF INTO WARRAGAMBA DAM
MARINA MARINA BARRAGEBARRAGE
URBAN STORMWATER HARVESTING MARINA BAY RESERVOIR
1. Building Flexibility & Adaptability in its water sources
» “Cities as water supply catchments”
2. Improving water quality and ecosystem health of urban aquatic environment
A WATER SENSITIVE CITY
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
Source: Ishida 1993 (AIJ)
» Building social and institutional capital (i.e., community receptivity, professional capacity, creating a smart community)
A SOPHISTICATED CITY
• Community receptive to a ecologically sustainable lifestyle
• Industry skilled at sustainable urban water management
• Government policies underpinnng inter-agency collaboration and public/private engagement
A WATER SENSITIVE CITY
• Linked to broader sustainability policies
• Protection of Marina Bay Reservoir
• Catchment Planning Policy
• Precinct & Regional stormwater management plans
• Performance Targets
• Rating Tool & Compliance Validation
Technology Developmentand Implementation
Building Industry Capacity
Design Guidelines & Standards
Demonstration Projects
Operation & Maintenance
Technical Tours
Regulatory and Administrative Framework
Tertiary Education
Engagement with Other Professionals
Training
Research & Development
Field Experiments &
Monitoring
Local Catchment
characterisation
Singapore Stormwater Quality Research Initiative
SINGAPORE STORMWATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
INNOVATIVE ENERGY
CLAIRE BONHAM-CARTER
BENEFIT OF THE ECO-GRID FOR ENERGY
ZERO CARBON -- HOME BY HOME?
ZERO CARBON - DISTRICT HEATING / COOLING / POWER
IMPORTANCE OF DENSITY
Occupiers
“We would like to have environmentally efficient
buildings, but there are very few available.”
Investors“We would fund
environmentally efficient buildings, but there is no
demand for them.”
Developers“We would ask for
environmentally efficient buildings, but the investors
won’t pay for them.”
Constructors“We can build
environmentally efficient buildings, but the
developers don’t ask for them.”
HOW DO WE GET THERE?
Occupiers
“We would like to have environmentally efficient
buildings, but there are very few available.”
Investors“We would fund
environmentally efficient buildings, but there is no
demand for them.”
Developers“We would ask for
environmentally efficient buildings, but the investors
won’t pay for them.”
Constructors“We can build
environmentally efficient buildings, but the
developers don’t ask for them.”
PLANNING POLICY
CSR / BRANDINGBUILDING
REGULATIONS
HIGHER FUEL BILLS;
MARKETING/IMAGE
HOW DO WE GET THERE?
UK POLICY AND PLANNING REGULATION
UK: ZERO CARBON DEVELOPMENT BY 2016
“provide a framework … to focus substantial new development …where energy can be gained
from decentralized energy supply systems,
or where there is clear potential …;”
PLANNING AND CLIMATE CHANGE:
SUPPLEMENT TO PLANNING POLICY STATEMENT 1
…utilizing existing decentralised and renewable low-carbon energy supply systems
… supply proposed and existing development
… co-locating potential heat customers and heat suppliers
…expect proposed development to connect to an identified system, or be designed to be able to connect in future
…set specific requirements to facilitate connection
PLANNING AND CLIMATE CHANGE:
SUPPLEMENT TO PLANNING POLICY STATEMENT 1
5000+ homes, hotels, retail,
new aquarium
EXAMPLE: LINKING SITES WITH DISTRICT HEATING NETWORKS
Our site 1000 homes (4.5 acres)
3500 homes
Ten small new towns of 5,000 – 20,000 homes
To achieve zero carbon development and more sustainable living
30-50% affordable housing, mix of uses including schools, retail, business and leisure
Public transit, cycling and pedestrian links
5 to be built by 2016, the rest by 2020
ECO TOWNS
BENEFIT OF THE ECO-GRID FOR ENERGY
SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT
DIANA MENDES
1908 WAS A BIG YEAR
DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS
TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN
TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN
PROCESS IMPROVEMENT
CULTURAL VALUES
?? QUESTIONS ??
ECO-FRAMEWORKS FOR LONG-TERM SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT
STEPHEN ENGBLOM
DR. TONY WONG
LISA FISHER
www.edaw.com
DIANA MENDES
www.dmjmharris.com
CLAIRE BONHAM-CARTER
www.dmjmhn.aecom.com
THANK YOU