Health: Substance AbuseDanielle Kern
Tobacco
The BeginningWhy people start smoking:
- Peer pressures
- Family pressures
- Glamorous images
- Advertisements
Addiction Nicotine- habit forming drug found only in tobacco
The body builds up tolerance, a resistance, to the drug
Stages of Addiction:
Pleasure Smoker- social smoker; user likes the taste, the lift, the relaxation
Negative Effect Smoker- uses to relieve stress becomes psychologically dependent
Habitual Smoker- addiction (person’s body has become dependant on a chemical to function normally) also known as physical dependence
Heavy Smoker- chain smokes and may experience withdrawal (discomfort and sickness people suffer when they stop taking a drug to which they are addicted to)
Long Term RisksHeart Disease
Lung Cancer
Oral Cancer
Chronic Lung Disease
Others- asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, sinusitis, peptic ulcers
Alcohol
What is Alcohol?Ethanol is a kind of alcohol found in alcoholic
drinks, safe in small doses otherwise poisonous.
Ethanol in beverages is produced by fermentation (the process by which yeast changes sugar into carbon dioxide and alcohol).
Distillation- wines and beers are evaporated to gases and then cooled back down to liquids after allowing some of the water vapor to escape. The resulting liquor has a greater percentage of alcohol.
What is Alcohol? Cont.Alcohol is a depressant (slows down
important nerve activity)
Inhibitions- are checks on emotion when weakened no self-control
Reflexes- automatic muscle responses to pain or danger
IntoxicationIntoxication - set of bad effects that alcohol
has on the body and mind
Toxic- poisonous
Measuring intoxicationBlood Alcohol Content (BAC)- measures the
number of milligrams of ethanol in each milliliter of blood.
Expressed as a percentage of total blood content.
The higher the BAC, the greater the alcohol’s effect on the body and mind
BAC 0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Over
0.5
Effects Dulls intelligence, sensory perceptions and motor
skills; lowers inhibitions
Inhibits clear thinking, memory, balance; slows movements
Impairs function of all sense organs; slurs speech; inhibits judgment of distances
Reduces mental functions; inhibits control of body movements; uncontrolled vomiting and urination; may cause unconsciousness
unconsciousness; little to no reflexes; reduces blood pressure, breathing, and heartbeat; inactivates brain function
Usually causes death
Types of drinkers: Social Drinkers - socially, who can stop at any time
Problem Drinkers - heavy, regular drinkers who are psychologically dependent
Alcoholics - psychologically and physically dependent
Alcoholics go through withdrawal when without the substance.
Delirium Tremens (D.T.’s) - described as the uncontrollable trembling that alcoholics suffer during withdrawal – life threatening reaction of the central nervous system
Hallucinations - seeing, smelling, or feeling things that are not real
Damages to the body: shrinkage of brain
oral cancer
widened blood vessels
damages the muscles of the heart
liver cannot process nutrients from the blood
various stomach disorders, including gastritis and ulcers
women who drink during pregnancy increase the risk of damaging their unborn child
Recovery from alcoholism: physical damage should be treated before the behavior
patterns causing the problem can be changed
Detoxification - the removal of all alcohol from the body
Psychotherapy - treatment of mental, emotional, and nervous disorders (help to understand their behavior patterns and change them)
Aversion therapy - treatment that changes behavior by connecting it with unpleasant feelings
Supportive organizations - friendship and group help very effective
Just Say No!
Works CitedGetchell, Bud, and Jill W. Houghton Mifflin
Health. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1991. 342-83. Print.
Meeks, Linda. Merrill health: focus on you. Merrill Pub Co, 1990. 198-221. Print.
Richmond, B. Julius, Elenore T. Pounds, Charles B. Corbin, Scott, and Foresman. Health for life. 1992. 440-59. Print.
Images Cited no smoking sign seen on slide 1 found at:
http://www.clker.com/clipart-2767.html
no drinking sign seen on slide 1 found at:
http://www.designofsignage.com/application/symbol/building/largesymbols/no-alcohol.html
picture of cigarettes seen on slide 2 found at:
http://www.which.co.uk/consumer-rights/rip-offs-and-scams/spotting-fake-goods/counterfeit-cigarettes-and-alcohol/
picture of cigarette ingredients on slide 6 found:?
http://zero-nicotine.com/
picture of alcohol seen on slide 7 found at:
http://www.planningelegance.com/dilemma-of-the-open-bar/
picture of drinker seen on slide 9 found at:
http://www.oregon.gov/DAS/PEBB/news/Wellness/Alcohol.shtml