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ISO 14001 Requirement
ISO 14001 requires: the organization shall establish and maintain a
procedure to identify the environmental aspects
of its activities, products and services that it cancontrol and over which it can be expected to have
an influence, in order to determine those which
have or can havesignificant impacts on theenvironment
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Define Environment
ISO 14001 defines theenvironment as: surroundings in which
an organization operates,
including air, water, land,natural resources, flora,
fauna, humans and their
interrelation
NOTE: Surroundings inthis context extend from
within an organization to
the global system.
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What is anenvironmental aspect?
ISO 14001 defines an environmental aspect as an:
element of an organizations activities, products
or services that can interact with the environment
Aspects can be
regulated or non-regulated
natural or man-made
positive or negative
controlled or influenced by the organization
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Environmental Impacts
ISO14001 definesenvironmental impact
as:
any change to theenvironment, whether
adverse or beneficial,
wholly or partially
resulting from anorganizations activities,
products or services
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Environmental Aspects/Impacts
Process 1
Process 2
Process 3
Raw materials
Electricity
Water
Fuel
Solid wastes
wastewaster
PM, CO,
CO2, NOx,SOx
Treatment
Finished Products
Landfill
sewer
sludge Landfill
Chemical
atmosphere
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Aspects Impacts Identification
Process 1
Raw materials
Electricity Solid wastes
ASPECTS IMPACTS
1. Use of raw materials 1. Depletion of resources
2. Use of electricity 2. Depletion of resources
3. Solid waste generation 3. Soil contamination
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- CCI4 (carbon tetrachloride)
- Aerosol
- CFC (chlorofluorocarbon)
Samples of ODS:
1. depletion of ozone layer2. emission of ODS (ozone depleting substances)
- damage to kidney & central nervous system- Correction fluids
- damage to liver (prolonged exposure)- Adhesives (ie glue) - permanent markers
- headaches- Stored fuels - copiers
- nausea- Wax - disinfectants
- eyes, nose & throat irritation- Varnish - cleansers
health effects:- Paints - pesticides
2. Health hazardSamples of VOCs:
1. fire potential1. emission of VOC (volatile organic compounds)
Air
ImpactsAspects
Aspect & Impact Samples
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Air pollution8. emission of particulate, dust
Health hazard - heat stroke7. emission of heat
Health hazard6. emission of radioactive substances (ie
x-ray)
Health hazard - hearing impairment5. emission of noise
Cancer of liver and gall bladder
Health effects:- PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl)
Health hazardSample of POP:
1. releases toxic that adversely affect food web(toxic chemicals are adsorb in soil, mixed with
water and persists in air)
4. use of POPs (Persistent organicpollutants)
- Nitrous oxide
- Methane
- CO2 (carbon dioxide from fossil
fuel combustion)
Samples of GHG:
1. climate change / global warming3. emission of GHG (green house gases)
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Depletion of fossil fuel2. use of fuel / energy
Deforestation / depletion of wood products1. use of paper
Use of resources
Land / water contamination4. spillage
Land / water contamination3. disposal of toxic waste (ie chemicals)
Land / water contamination2. disposal of hazardous waste (ie used
oil, grease)
Depletion of landfill space
Eye sore
Land contamination1. disposal of solid waste (ei. sludge,
garbage)
Land and Water
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Exercise 1
Identify all environmental aspects andimpacts in the assigned activity / process.
1 Mechanical maintenance activity
1 Electrical maintenance activity
1 PDN activity
1 LOG/Warehouse activity 1 Admin activity
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OHSAS 18001 Requirement
OHSAS 18001 requires: the organization shall establish, implement and
maintain procedures for the ongoinghazard
identification, riskassessment, & determination ofnecessary controls. (HIRADC)
These shall include :
a. Routine and non-routine activities
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What is hazard & risk?
OHSAS 18001 defines HAZARD as a:
source or a situation with a potential for harm in
terms of injury or ill health, damage to property,damage to the workplace environment, or acombination of these (types of hazards)
Risk as a: combination of the likelihood & consequence(s)
of a specified hazardous event occurring
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Scope of HIRADC
b. Activities of all persons having access to theworkplace (including contractors & visitors)
c. human behavior, capabilities and other humanfactors
d. identified hazards originating outside the
workplace capable of adversely affecting the
health & safety of persons under the control of
the organization within the workplace
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Scope of HIRADC
e. Hazards created in the vicinity of the workplaceby work related activities under the control of
the organization
f. infrastructure, equipment and materials at theworkplace, whether provided by the organization
or others
g. Changes or proposed changes in the organization,
its activities, or materials
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Scope of HIRADC
h. Modifications to the OH&S managementsystem, including temporary changes, and their
impacts on operations, processes, & activities
i. Any applicable legal obligations relating to riskassessment and implementation of necessary
controls
j. The design of work areas, processes,
installations, machinery/equipment, operating
procedures and work organization, including
their adaptation to human capabilities
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Struck against a vehicle while moving an equipment
Struck against a person
Struck against person
Struck against protruding nail / rebar / bundling wire
Struck against sharp material or machine partDescription: a person forcefully
strikes an object.
2. Struck Against
Struck by metal chips
Struck by running vehicle
Struck by tools
Struck by materials sharp edge
Struck by collapsed unstable stockpile
Struck by a part of exploded pressure vessel
Struck by wrench while flipping
Struck by dropped material from top of stockpile
Struck by flying cobblesDescription: a person is forcefully
struck by an object
1. Struck by
ExamplesHazard Types
Hazards & Risk Samples
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Hazards & Risk Samples
- fire
Contact with harmful chemicals- toxic substances
Contact with dust and smoke- noise
Contact with noise in shear and cooling bed area- caustics
Contact with flares from welding- radiation
Contact with hot material or machine part- cold
Contact with hot bars- heat
Contact with live wires- electricity
4. Contact with:
Caught between sharp blades
Caught between moving or rotating machines
Caught in by closing door
Caught in by OHC chain while rigging
Caught in open drawer
Caught in by running OHC
Caught in by moving or lifted material
Caught in by moving or rotating machine part
Caught in by rolled loose materialsDescription: a person or part of a
person is caught on an object, caughtin or trapped in an opening, or crushed
or caught between a moving or
stationary object
3. Caught on, in or between
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Hazards & Risk Samples
9. Foreign body in the eyes
8. Hit by hand tool
stroke
Sprain
Heart attack
Collapse7. Overexertion (over-load)
Fall on the same level from unstable or damaged
floor
Fall on the same level from running
Fall on the same level from imbalance
Fall on the same level from slipping or tripping6. Fall on the same level
Fall from top of machine or equipment
Fall from ladder, stair or elevated stairway5. Fall
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Hazards & Risk Samples
- Skin burn
- skin irritation
- Laceration
- Bruise
- Avulsion
- Fracture
- Property damage
- fire
- eye injury
- death
- abrasion
- puncture
- incision
-respiratory illness
- nausea , dizziness
- eye irritation
- hearing impairment / loss
- health effects specified in the MSDS Material Safety Datasheet
RISKS (Effect)
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Aspect/Impact &Hazard/Risk Example
Bar paintingat evacuation
paint
paintbrush Empty paint can
worn out brush
leg fracturefall from platform
skin burnContact with hot rebar
Fire hazardAccumulation of paintdroppings
skin irritationskin contact with paintheadache, nauseainhalation of paint odor
riskhazard
land contaminationgeneration of used brush
land contaminationgeneration of used paint candepletion of natural resourcesuse of brush
depletion of natural resourcesuse of paint
impactaspect
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Exercise 2
Identify all hazards and risk in the assignedactivity / process in Exercise 1.
1 Mechanical maintenance activity
1 Electrical maintenance activity
1 PDN activity
1 LOG/Warehouse activity
1 Admin activity
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EHS Risk Assessment Formused in Meycauayan Works
E
HS
CURRENT CONTROL
(specify documented WI,
guidelines, standards or
references if any)
IMPACT / RISK
Condition?:
Normal/Abnorm
al/
Emergency
Legal
Requirement?
(Y)
DEPT./ AREA
ASPECTS / HAZARD
RoutineorNon-
Routine
REV. NO. / DATE
ACTIVITIES
Category
ASSESSED BY
ENVIRONMENTAL, H
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EHS Risk Assessment Form
Knowledge&
Skills
EHSAwareness
Competence
Knowledge&
Skills
EHSAwareness
Competence
Risk Level
Likelihoodof
Exposure
Effectivenessof
CurrentControls
Likelihoodof
Occurrence
Probabilityof
Occurrence
Severityof
Consequence
Personnel
Risk Level
Severityof
Consequence
Likelihoodof
Exposure
Effectivenessof
CurrentControls
Likelihoodof
Occurrence
PAGE OF
Personnel
Probabilityof
Occurrence
New/Additional Control
to Reduce the
Risk(consider the
hierarchy of control)
DEPARTMENT HEAD
EALTH AND SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT
REVIEWED BY
Safety Engineer PCO
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EHS Risk Assessment
excellent commendable fully competentmeets minimal
expectation
does not meet
minimal
expectation
1 2 3 4 5
master 1 1 1 2 2 3
expert 2 1 2 2 3 3
senior 3 1 2 3 3 4
intermediate 4 2 3 3 4 4
basic 5 3 3 4 4 5
EHS AWARENESS
KNO
WLEDGE&SKILLS
ability to adhere to all EHS safety rules & perform work in an environmentally sound,
healthy & safe manner
TABLE 1
OUTPUT :COMPETENCE to be
used for Table 3
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High degree of
control
Medium degree
of control
Moderate
degree of
control
Slight degree of
control
Negligible or
no control
1 2 3 4 5
Very Rare
(yearly or
less)1 1 1 1 2 2
Rare (few
per year)2 1 1 2 2 3
Unusual (atleast 1x a
month )3 1 2 3 3 3
Occassional
(at least 1x a
week)4 1 2 3 3 4
Frequent
(daily) 5 1 3 3 4 5
EFFECTIVENESS OF CONTROLS
LIKELIHOODOFEXPOSURE
TABLE 2
OUTPUT :LIKELIHOOD OFOCURRENCE tobe used for Table 3
Rating Description
5 - Negligible
or no control
Control of the aspect/hazard is nonexistent or totally ineffectual. There are no controls
and knowledge of the environmental, health & safety impact is negligible
4 - Slightdegree of
control
There are some controls in place (either procedures or physical) and there is someawareness of a control requirement. Such controls only have limited effect on
reducing the relevant environmental impact and health & safety risk.
3 - Moderate
degree of
control
There is recognisable control on the aspect. This may include procedures,
management controls or physical controls, but they are not totally effectual and
implementation / use of them are not comprehensive.
2 - Medium
degree of
control
There is significant control on the aspect/hazard through procedures, management
control and physical controls. Relevant parties are aware of such controls and they
are generally affectively applied.1 - High
degree of
control
All (or practically all) necessary procedures, management controls and best practice
have been implemented and compliance with such procedures and best practice is
high. The impact/risk has been minimised to very significant extent.
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EHS Risk Assessment
1 2 3 4 5
1 1 1 2 3 3
2 1 2 2 3 4
3 2 2 3 3 4
4 2 3 3 4 5
5 3 3 4 5 5
TABLE 3
LIKELIHOOD OF OCCURRENCE
COMPETENCE combination
of knowledge
& skills and
EHS
awareness
combination of exposure and effectiveness of controls
OUTPUT :PROBABILITY OFOCURRENCE tobe used for Table 4
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EHS Risk Assessment
Insignificant /Positive
Minor Moderate Major Severe
1 2 3 4 5
1 no risk no risk low risk low risk low risk
2 no risk low risk low risk moderate risk moderate risk
3 low risk low risk moderate risk moderate risk high risk
4 low risk moderate risk moderate risk high risk intolerable risk
5 low risk moderate risk high risk intolerable risk intolerable risk
combination
of
competence &
likelihood of
occurrence
SEVERITY OF OCCURRENCE
PROBABILITYOFOCCURREN
CE
TABLE 4
OUTPUT :LEVEL OF RISK
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EHS Risk Assessment
Risk Level
3
moderate risk
4
high risk
If it is impossible to reduce the risk, work has to remain prohibited
No additional controls required
Monitorings are required to ensure existing controls are effectivelyimplemented
Efforts should be made to reduce the risk
Risk reduction measures should be implemented within a defined
timeframe
Work must not start or work must be suspended immediately5
Intolerable
Work should not commence until the risk has been reduced
Considerable resources may have to be allocated to reduce the risk
Where work has commenced, urgent interim measures must be taken
Risk Control Action and Timescale
No action is required
No monitorings are necessary
1
no risk
2
low risk
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HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
Control: the measures we take to eliminateor reduce the risk to an acceptable level.
Hierarchy of Control: The order in whichcontrols should be considered when selecting
methods of controlling a risk.
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HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
Elimination Substitution Engineering Controls Administrative Controls Personal Protective Equipment
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HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
ELIMINATION
The Best method of dealing with a hazard is to
eliminate it. Once the hazard has been eliminated thepotential for harm has gone.
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HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
SUBSTITUTION
This involves substituting a dangerous processor substance with one that is not as dangerous.This may not be as satisfactory as elimination as there maystill be a risk (even if it is reduced).
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HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
Separate or isolate the hazard from people by providing
Mechanical aids, barriers, machine guarding, ventilationOr insulation. This method has its problems in that thehazard has not been removed. The guard or separationdevice is always at risk of being removed or circumvented.
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HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
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HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
ADMINISTRATION
Administrative solutions usually involve modificationof the likelihood of an accident happening. This can bedone by reducing the number of people exposed to thedanger reducing the amount of time exposed and providingtraining to those people who are exposed to the hazard.
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HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Provision of personal protective equipment should only beconsidered when all other control methods are impractical,or to increase control when used with another method higherup in the Hierarchy of Control.
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Exercise 3
Using the provided template and guidelinesto assess the identified aspect-impact and
hazards-risks in your Exercises 1 & 2.
Consider the hierarchy of controls inproviding new/additional controls for those
aspect or hazard with significant risks.
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Types of Hazards
Chemical : toxic , flammable, corrosive
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Types of Hazards
Explosion : chemical reaction or overpressure
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Types of Hazards
Electrical : Inadequate insulation, broken electricallines or equipment, lightning strike, staticdischarge
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Types of Hazards
Ergonomics : strain, human error
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Types of Hazards
Excavation : collapse
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Types of Hazards
Fall : slip, trip
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Types of Hazards
Fire : Oxygen, heat & fuel are required for fire to
occur
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Types of Hazards
Mechanical : Pinch or sharp points and edges,
weight, rotating parts, stability, ejected partsand materials, impact
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Types of Hazards
Noise : >85 dB 8 hr exposure
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Types of Hazards
Radiation : ionizing or non-ionizing
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Types of Hazards
Extreme temperature : heat or cold
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Types of hazards
Visibility : lack of lighting or obstruction
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Types of Hazards
Weather : rain, wind, flood
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Types of Hazards
Biological: Primarily airborne and blood borne
viruses.