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PAPER PRESENTATION
ON
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
(ROBOTIC SPACECRAFT)
BY
K.VENKATESH S PRASANNA KUMAR
B.TECH: III YEAR B.TECH: III YEAR
E.C.E E.C.E
[email protected] [email protected]
ph no: 9505022637 ph no: 9866866192
KSHATRIYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
NH-16, CHEPUR-ARMOOR -503224
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]8/2/2019 Embedded System r.s
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INDEX
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCION
3. ROBOTIC SPACE CRAFT
a) HISTORY
b) DESIGN
c) CONTROL
d) LIST OF SPACE PROBES
5. CONCLUSION
6. BIBILIOGRAPHY
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ABSTRACT
An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform
one or a few dedicated functions, sometimes with real-time computingconstraints.
It is usually embedded as part of a complete device including hardware and
mechanical parts. In contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal
computer, can do many different tasks depending on programming. Some embedded
systems are mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale. For example,
Handheld computers share some elements with embedded systems such as the
operating systems and microprocessors which power them but are not truly
embedded systems, because they allow different applications to be loaded and
peripherals to be connected.
Here we have highlighted Robotic spacecraftwhich comes under the category
of Embedded system. In this Robotic spacecraft different lists of space probes are
discussed.
So, Embedded systems have become very important today as they control many
of the common devices we use.
INTRODUCTION:
The embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can
optimize it, reducing the size and cost of the product, or increasing the reliability and
performance. Physically, embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital
watches and MP3 players, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory
controllers, or the systems controlling nuclear power plants. Complexity varies from low,
with a single microcontroller chip, to very high with multiple units, peripherals and
networks mounted inside a large chassis or enclosure.
A robotic spacecraftis a spacecraft with no humans on board, that is usually under
telerobotic control. A robotic spacecraft designed to make scientific research
measurements is often called aspace probe.
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An artist's interpretation of theMessengerspacecraft at Mercury.
HISTORY :
The first space mission, Sputnik 1, was an artificial satellite put into Earth orbit
by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957. On 3 November 1957, the Soviets orbited
Sputnik 2, the first to carry a living animal into space a dog.
The United States achieved its first successful space probe launch with the orbitof Explorer I on 31 January 1958. Explorer I weighed less than 14 kilograms compared to
83.6 kg and 508.3 kg for Sputniks 1 and 2 respectively.
Only six other countries have successfully launched missions using their own
vehicles: France (1965), Japan (1970), China (1970), the United Kingdom (1971), India
(1981) and Israel (1988).
DESIGN :
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In spacecraft design, the United States Air Force considers a vehicle to consist of
the mission payload and the bus (or platform). The bus provides physical structure,
thermal control, electrical power, attitude control and telemetry, tracking and
commanding.
CONTROL :
Robotic spacecraftuse telemetry to radio back to Earth acquired data and vehicle
status information. Although generally referred to as "remotely-controlled" or
"telerobotic", the earliest orbital spacecraft -- such as Sputnik 1 and Explorer I -- did not
receive control signals from Earth. Newer probes such as Cassini-Huygens is an agency
of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program
established in 1974, is an inter-governmental organisation dedicated to the exploration of
space, established in 1974, is an inter-governmental organisation dedicated to the
exploration of space, currently with 17 member states.
List of space probes :
Lunar probes
Luna program Soviet Lunar exploration (19591976).
Ranger program US Lunar hard-landing probes (19611965).
Zond program Soviet Lunar exploration (19641970).
Surveyor program US Lunar soft-landing probe (19661968).
Lunar Orbiter program US Lunar orbital (19661967).
Lunokhod program Soviet Lunar Roverprobes (19701973).
Muses-A mission (Hiten and Hagoromo) Japanese Lunar orbital and hard-
landing probes (19901993).
Clementine US Lunar orbital (1998).
Lunar Prospector US Lunar orbital (19981999).
Smart 1 European Lunar orbital (2003).
SELENE Japanese lunar orbiter (2007).
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The Luna programme (from the Russian word "Luna" meaning "Moon"),
occasionally called LunikorLunnik, was a series ofrobotic spacecraft missions sent to
the Moon by the Soviet Union between 1959 and 1976. Fifteen were successful, each
designed as either an orbiter or lander, and accomplished many firsts in space
exploration. They also performed many experiments, studying the Moon's chemical
composition, gravity, temperature, and radiation. The estimated cost of Luna Program
was about $4.5 billion.
Achievements
The major achievement of the Luna programme, with Luna 16, Luna 20 and
Luna 24 spacecrafts, was the ability to collect samples oflunar soil and return them to
Earth, by 1970. The program returned 0.326 kg oflunar samples.
SELENE (moon), better known in Japan by its nickname Kaguya is the second
Japanese lunarorbiter spacecraft. Produced by the Institute of Space and Astronautical
Science and NASDA, the spacecraft was launched September 14, 2007 UTC.
The name stands forSelenological and Engineering Explorer; Selene was a lunar
deity in Greek mythology. After the successful release of its sub-satellites Rstar and
Vstar, they were named Okina and Ouna, also from folklore. SELENE launched at
01:31:01, September 14, 2007UTC on an H-IIA (Model H2A2022) carrier rocket from
Tanegashima Space Centerinto a 281.55 km (perigee) / 232960 km (apogee) geocentric
parking orbit. The total launch mass was 3020 kg
Mars probes
Zond program failed Soviet flyby probe
Mars probe program Soviet orbiters and landers
Viking program Two US orbiters and landers (1974)
Mars Pathfinder Lander and wheeled robot (1997)
Mars Express (Mars Express Orbiter and Beagle 2) European orbiter and
failed lander 2003
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Mars Exploration Rovers US rovers (2004)
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter US, launched 2005
Phoenix launched August 3, 2007
Mars Science Laboratory US, to be launched 2009
The Mars Pathfinder was launched on December 4, 1996 by NASA aboard a
Delta II just a month after the Mars Global Surveyor was launched. After a 7-month
voyage it landed on Ares Vallis, in a region called Chryse Planitia on Mars, on 4 July
1997. It was the second project from NASA's Discovery Program, which promotes the
use of low-cost spacecraft and frequent launches under the motto "cheaper, faster and
better" promoted by the then administrator, Daniel Goldin.
Mars Pathfinder
Organization: NASA - JPL
Mission type: Lander, rover
Orbital insertion
date:Landed 04 July 1997 UT 16:57
Launch date: 4 December 1996 at 06:58:07 UTC from ESMC / launch
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complex 17B
Mass: 264 kg (lander), 10.5 kg (rover)
Power: 35 W (lander) 13 W (rover)
The Mars Science Laboratory is a NASA rover scheduled to launch in
September 2009 and perform a precision landing on Mars in July-September 2010.
Mars Science Laboratory
2007 Mars Science Laboratory concept
Organization: NASA
Mission type: Rover
Orbital insertion date: July-September 2010
Phoenixis a robotic spacecraft on a space exploration mission to Mars under the
Mars Scout Program.Phoenix launched successfully on August 4, 2007, and is scheduled
to land on Mars on May 25, 2008.
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Phoenix spacecraft as it will look on Mars
Organization: NASA
Mission type: Lander
Launch date: August 4,2007
Mission duration: 90 sols, 92.46 days
Venus probes
Pioneer Venus project US Venus orbiter
Venus Express ESA probe sent for the observation of the Venus's weather in
2005.
The US Pioneer program ofunmanned space missions was designed for planetary
exploration. While he was at a briefing, the spacecraft was described to him as a "lunar-
orbiting vehicle with an infrared scanning device.".
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Pioneer 10, undergoing construction in 1971.
Venus Express is the first Venus exploration mission of the European Space
Agency. It is currently in orbit around Venus and collecting scientific data.
Venus Express
Venus Express in Venus orbit
Mission type: Orbiter
Satellite of: Venus
Launch date: November 9, 2005
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Mission
duration:
Cruise Earth to Venus: 150 days; in-orbit around Venus: 1000
days
Mass: 1270 kg
Gas giant probes
Pioneer program US Jupiterand Saturn flybys
Voyager program US Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune flyby and study of
interstellar space
Galileo probe US Jupiter orbiter and atmosphere probe
Cassini-Huygens US-European Saturn orbiter and Titan lander Huygens
(1997present)
Galileo was an unmanned spacecraft sent by NASA to study theplanet Jupiterand its
moons. It arrived at Jupiter on December 7, 1995, a little more than six years later, via
gravitational assist flybys ofVenus and Earth.
Galileo Orbiter
Galileo is prepared for mating with the IUS booster
Organization: NASA
Mission type: Orbiter, fly-by
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Satellite of: Jupiter
Launch date:October 18, 1989 by Space Shuttle Atlantis on STS-34
mission
Mission duration: September 21, 2003 (deorbited)
Mass: 2380 kg
Comet and asteroid probes
Giotto mission European flyby ofComet Halley (1986)
NEAR Shoemaker US asteroid lander, launched 1996
Deep Space 1 US comet/asteroid flyby, 19982000 Stardust probe US comet flyby and sample return, launched 1999, returned
January 15, 2006
CONTOUR US comet flyby mission; launch failure in 2003
Hayabusa Japanese asteroid orbiter, lander and sample return, launched 2003
Rosetta European comet orbiter and lander (Philae); launched 2004
Deep Impact successful US comet impactor, launched 2005
Stardust is an American interplanetary spacecraft, whose primary purpose was to
investigate the makeup of the cometWild 2 and its coma. It was launched on February 7,
1999 by NASA, travelled nearly 3 billion miles (5109 km), and returned to Earth on
January 15, 2006 to release a sample material capsule. It is the first sample return mission
to collect cosmic dust and return the sample to Earth.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giotto_missionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_Halleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEAR_Shoemakerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Space_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stardust_probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONTOURhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta_space_probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philae_landerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Impact_(space_mission)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_Wild_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma_(cometary)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000000000_(number)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_return_missionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_dusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(planet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giotto_missionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_Halleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEAR_Shoemakerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Space_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stardust_probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONTOURhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta_space_probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philae_landerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Impact_(space_mission)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_Wild_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma_(cometary)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000000000_(number)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_return_missionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_dusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth8/2/2019 Embedded System r.s
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Artist's conception of the Stardust spacecraft
Organization: NASA
Mission type: Fly-by, sample collection
Satellite of: Sun
Launch date: February 7, 1999 21:04:15 UTC
Mission duration: 7 years
Mass: 300 kg
Power: 330 W
Deep Impactis an ongoingNASA space probe launched on January 12, 2005 that
was designed to study the composition of the interior of the comet 9P/Tempel by
colliding a section of the spacecraft into the comet. At 5:52 UTC on July 4, 2005, the
impactor of theDeep Impactprobe successfully impacted the comet's nucleus, excavating
debris from the interior of the nucleus. Consequently, Deep Impact flew by Earth on
December 31, 2007 on its way to an extended mission called EPOXI with a dual purpose
to study extrasolar planets and comet Hartley 2.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9P/Tempelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPOXIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrasolar_planethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/103P/Hartleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Stardust_-_Concepcao_artistica.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_probehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9P/Tempelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPOXIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrasolar_planethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/103P/Hartley8/2/2019 Embedded System r.s
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Illustration of the Deep Impactspace probe after impactor separation (artist's
conception).
Organization: NASA
Mission type: Flyby, Impactor
Launch date: January 12, 2005
Mission duration: 3 months 22 days
Mass: 650 kg (1,430 lbs)
CONCLUSION :
Robotic spacecraftuse telemetry to radio back to Earth acquired data and vehicle
status information. So, Embedded systems have become very important today as they
control many of the common devices we use.
REFERENCES :
1 .www.google.com
2 . Magazines : ELECTRONICS FOR YOU , ELECTRONICS TODAY
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemetryhttp://www.google.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Deep_Impact.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemetryhttp://www.google.com/8/2/2019 Embedded System r.s
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