Embedded Systems for Beginners
Electro8
Agenda
• Session objectives• Computing systems overview• Embedded Systems!! .. What does it mean ??• Microprocessors and Microcontrollers• Micro-controllers and it's applications• How to start your Graduation ‘embedded
project’
Session Objectives
Computing systems overview
Computer sizes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_size_categories
Computer sizes
http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/
Computer functions
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classes_of_computers
Embedded systems.., what does it mean ?!
Embedded systems.., what does it mean ?!
• In Arabic ( مدمجه .( أنظمه• A control system designed using a micro-
computer to perform a specific tasks.• Consists of Mechanical parts in addition to
electrical.
Robotics…
Robotics…
Real life Examples
Example…
General Block Diagram
Microprocessorsand
Microcontrollers
Microprocessors
• In 1971 Intel 4004 microprocessor released
• and Intel 8008 in 1973
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor
Microprocessor system BD
http://files.myopera.com/vysakhtb/operamini/Image%20block%20diagram.jpg
Microcontrollers
• In 1977 Intel made the Myth … Intel 8048• MCS-48 family• They combined RAM and ROM on the same chip
ROM (read only memory) Types
• PROM - Programmable ROM• EPROM - Erasable PROM• EEPROM - Electrical EPROM• Flash memory
Intel MCS-51 family (8051)
• 8-bit ALU, Accumulator and 8-bit Registers• 8-bit data bus – It can access 8 bits of data in one operation• 16-bit address bus – It can access 216 memory locations –
64 KB (65536 locations) each of RAM and ROM• On-chip RAM – 128 bytes (data memory)• On-chip ROM – 4 kByte (program memory)• Four byte bi-directional input/output port• UART (serial port)• Two 16-bit Counter/timers• Two-level interrupt priority• Power saving mode (on some derivatives)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_MCS-51
PIC family
• Small instruction set to learn• Built in oscillator with selectable speeds• Easy entry level, in circuit programming plus in
circuit debugging units• Inexpensive microcontrollers• Wide range of interfaces
including I²C, SPI, USB, USART, A/D, programmable comparators, PWM, LIN, CAN, PSP, and Ethernet
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIC_microcontroller
PIC 16F877 Pin diagram
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIC_microcontroller
AVR family
• USB controller support• LCD controller support• Low-voltage devices operating down to 1.8 V• Watchdog timer (WDT)• 8-bit and 16-bit timers• Analog comparator• 10 or 12-bit A/D converters, with multiplex of up to 16 channels• 12-bit D/A converters
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmel_AVR
• Microprocessor– CPU is stand-alone,
RAM, ROM, I/O, timer are separated
– designer can decide on the amount of ROM, RAM and I/O ports.
– general-purpose– Ex. 8085,8086 mp,
Motorola 6800, Intel’s 8086
• Microcontroller– CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and
timer are all on a single chip
– fix amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, I/O ports
– single-purpose– Ex. 8051, PIC mc, Atmel,
Phillips
Microprocessor vs. microcontroller
Applications
What do you think ??Robotics automation security remote-sensing audio-mixers and moooooooooooooooooooooooreeeeeeee
How to start… ????!
• You need little hardware knowledge with your software.
• Select the family and chip according to your application.
• Learn how to program your device using its datasheet• Start to use its IDE and development tools and join the
embedded world .
How to start… with PIC????!
• PIC has its IDE (called MPLAP) used to write your code and debug it and to generate your .HEX file
• Download it from here http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=81
• Use the .Hex file to simulate your project, Proteus 7 is the best for this case
• Every thing goes in the right way ?? Burn the code to your chip and enjoy your project, you will need
a programmer in this step
MPLAB
Protus
How the .hex file looks????!
Thank you …
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