Power Correction Systems, Inc.1800 S. Robertson Blvd. PMB 419, Los Angeles, CA 90035Phone: 310 247-4848 Fax: 310 273-7719 Website: www.activeharmonicfilters.com E-mail: [email protected]
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Brahm Segal
Developed by:
1800 S. Robertson Blvd. PMB 419, Los Angeles, CA 90035 Phone: 310 247-4848 Fax: 310 273-7719 www.activeharmonicfilters.com
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
• ENERGY COST
• RELIABILITY
• COMPETITION
• ENVIRONMENT
• GREENHOUSE GASES
• SOCIAL ISSUES
• SHAREHOLDRS
• EMPLOYEES
• CUSTOMERS
• SUSSTAINIBILITY
• BUSINESS ADVANTAGE
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Companies shall be committed to energy excellence to realize a competitive advantage in their businesses andestablish an energy conservation program to attain:
Efficient energy use
Reduced energy emissions
Power facilities renewal
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Community Employees Customers Shareholders
Cleaner Environment
Lower Energy Price
Energy Availability
Better Job Security
Sense of Stewardship
Increased Pride
Lower Price
Higher Quality
Better Reliability
Better Image
Improved Earnings
Competitive Advantage
Stakeholders
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Energy Organization
Strategy Team
Emissions
Renewal
Energy Use
Leadership Team
Plants
Engineering
Global
Businesses
Key Pursuits Team
Technology
Metrics
Procurement
Communications
ConstituentsConstituents
Plant Sites
Customers
Employees
Shareholders
Society
Businesses
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Employees Community Customers Shareholders
Awareness
Job Security
Ethical/Moral
What can I do?
Waste
Stability
Emissions
Environment
Natural Resources
Life-Cycle content
Value
Price
Quality
Offering
Reliability
Resources
Facilities
Costs
Earnings
Financial Score Card
Regulatory Compliance
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Energy Tool Box
• Energy Survey / Audit
• Awareness
• Lighting Standards
• Motor Standards
• Maintenance
• Recognition
• Pinch Technology
• System Monitoring
• Instruments
• Energy Technology Library
• Co-Generation
• Energy Engineering
• Efficiency Standards
• Training / Education
• Computer Programs
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Energy Initiatives
Motor Challenge Program
Sustainable Energy Vision
Multi-Company Energy Forum
Business Growth
Facilities Renewal Plans
Retail Wheeling Conference
Climate-Wise (Pacesetter)
Green Lights Program
Compressed Air Challenge Program
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Develop Program for the use of Alternative Energy
Thermal Energy Storage Systems
Solar Systems
Cogeneration
Waste Heat Recovery Systems
Ground Water Heat Pumps
Micro Turbines
Wind Power
Hybrid Cooling and Heating Systems
Fuel Cells
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Energy Project Financing
Cash purchase
Loan
Capital lease
Operating lease
Performance contract
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Energy Supply Chain
Energy Value Chain
Su
p
p
l
e
r
Customer
ELECTRICITYAND FUELS
POWERGENERATION
ENERGYCONSUMPTION
PRODUCTDISTRIBUTION
ENERGYTOOLS
ENERGYLEADERSHIP
PRODUCTLIFE-CYCLEENERGY
PRICERELIABILITYQUALITY
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Networking
NetworkRelationship
Effective
Accountable
Unpredictable
Innovates
Discovers / Evaluations
Heterogeneous
Does the right thing
Line OrganizationStructure
Efficient
Measure / Audits
Implements
Homogeneous
Discovers / Evaluations
Predictable
Does the right thing
NeedsPossibilities
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Develop an Effective Energy Management Program
Identifying Electric Use-Power Monitoring System
• Allocating and managing energy costs
• Submeter system architecture and services
• Metering instruments for collecting and
analyzing data
• Evolution of metering technology
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Develop an Effective Energy Management Program
Energy Audits a Key Management Tool
• Type of audits
• Identifying energy conservation measures
• Survey instrumentation
• Data collection and trending using a personal
computer
• Identifying baselines and variable loads
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Develop an Effective Energy Management Program
Developing a Facility Energy Index
• Utility bill analysis
• Energy accounting
• End-use profiles
• External benchmarking
• Database resources available to establish
target indices
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Develop an Effective Energy Management Program
Plant Level Energy Management Process
• Forecasting energy consumption
• How to evaluate energy management
performance
• Analysis techniques
• Benchmark data for plant efficiency
comparison
• Maintaining the effectiveness of energy
management programs
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Develop an Effective Energy Management Program
Measurements and Verification of Savings
• Standards and protocols
• Methods for measurements - engineering calculations - computer models - measurements vs. monitoring
• Practical considerations - expenses vs. benefits - accuracy
- instrumentation
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Develop an Effective Energy Management Program
Purchase of Energy Resources
• Natural gas transportation - economics, operation regulatory issues - balancing and bypass
• Electricity wheeling-obstacles
• Electric deregulation initiatives
• Cogeneration opportunities
• Water and sewer
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Power Factor Correction
Group Compensation• Eliminates kVA surcharge
• Increases service panel capacity
Substation Compensation
• Eliminates kVA surcharge• Increases service panel capacity• Partial reduction in line losses• Partial increase in plant distribution capacity
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Power Factor Correction
Individual Compensation• Eliminates kVA surcharge
• Increases service panel capacity
• Maximizes reduction of line losses
• Improves voltage unbalance between phases
• Increases life expectancy of motors
• Adds flexibility for future expansion and changes
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
• Changes in recent years including T-8 lamps, T5- lamps, electronic
ballast's, new dimming technologies, occupancy sensors, and pulse-
start HID lamps and ballast's.
• Implement these new technologies with the ability to control and shed
loads on demand. This will be driven by utility deregulation's. Rate
plans will provide attractive discounts for facilities they can control
and shed loads during peak times
Improving Lighting Performance
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
• Energy cost for lighting $75 Billion in the US for commercial
buildings (Source DOE)
• Modern lighting technology and products can bring savings in energy
cost
• for commercial and industrial facilities of up to 15 to 40%
• Energy managers can lower their electrical costs without lowering the
quality of light, on quality of life
Improving Lighting Performance
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Improving HVAC Performance
Reduce Energy and Operating Cost
Improve Air Quality Standards
Improve Comfort Requirements
Reduce Maintenance Cost
Develop Program for Measurements ofHVAC Equipment Energy use andPerformance
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
• Heat Recovery
• Reduce Scale and Corrosion
• Load Management
• Select Optimum Prime Mover / Fuel
• Improve Characteristics of Working Fluid
• High Efficiency Motors
• Variable Speed Drives
• Energy Management Monitoring Program
Improving HVAC Performance
Develop Program to Reduce HVAC Generating Costs
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
• Heat Recovery
• Reduce Scale and Corrosion
• Load Management
• Select Optimum Prime Mover / Fuel
• Improve Characteristics of Working Fluid
• High Efficiency Motors
• Variable Speed Drives
• Energy Management Monitoring Program
Improving HVAC Performance
Develop Program to Reduce HVAC Generating Costs
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
• Control Chilled Water Flow Rate
• Control Chilled Water Temperature
• Improve Cooling Tower Performance
• Control Condenser Water Temperature
• High Efficiency Chillers
• Improve Pumping Performance
• Tower Free Cooling
• Control Air Flow
Improving HVAC Performance
Develop Program to Reduce HVAC Generating Costs
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
• Control Outside Air
• Control Ventilation
• Balance Air Handling Systems
• Insulate
• Control Supply Air Temperature
• Avoid Simultaneous Heating / Cooling
• Use Economizer Control
• Use Air Quality Sensors
• Use Air Pressure Control
Improving HVAC Performance
Develop Program to Reduce HVAC Distribution Costs
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Energy Benchmarks
Heating BTU/SQFT
Cooling BTU/SQFT
Cooling TON/SQFT
Heating cost per square foot
Cooling cost per square foot
Electrical cost per square foot
Total Utility cost per square foot
Lighting cost per square foot
Water & sewer cost per square foot
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
• Investigate and reduce point-of-use pressure requirements
• Determine actual air quality requirements and treat air appropriately
• Investigate and address high-volume, intermittent applications
Improving Compressed Air Performance
Develop a system block diagram
Create a system pressure profile
Address point-of-use issues
Develop a compressed air system maintenance program
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Improving Compressed Air Performance
Analyze existing compressor(s) and system control, and implement an effective control strategy
Align supply-side with demand-side operation
Implement strategies to maintain system alignment
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
• Perform a plant wide air leakage survey, using an ultrasonic leak detector device
• Develop a compressed air load management system
• Study compressed air distribution piping for pressure drops
• Develop an education and training program for all employees
• Investigate whether supply air pressure can be lowered
• Check and analyze the operating pressure requirements for each system
• Evaluate changing the specification for new equipment to a lower operating pressure
Improving Compressed Air Performance
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
• Develop a plant wide computerized energy accounting management
program
• Replace standard V-belts with high efficiency type V-belts
• Develop an automatic shutdown capability for utility and process
equipment not in use
• Develop a plant wide survey program for lighting levels
• Develop a program for annual performance, efficiency and capacity
testing for process and utility equipment
Additional Recommendations for Energy Management Improvements
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Assumptions; 1. 12 Hr Burn cycle for all lamps. 2. FT40DL operated on Rapid Start Ballast. F32T8/ADV841 operated on Instant Start Ballast. 3. Base up operation of Metal Halide lamps.
LAMP MORTALITY CHARACTERISTICS(Source: Venture Lighting, Philips Lighting, Osram Sylvania)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000 24000 30000
HOURS OF OPERATION
PE
RC
EN
T S
UR
VIV
OR
S
F32T8/ADV841
FT40DL/841/RS
400W M/H Standard
350W M/H Pulse Start
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Scotopic / Photopic Comparison
2.47
2.28
1.96
1.62
1.5
1.49
1.46
0.8
0.62
0.23
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Sun + Sky
Sun
5000o K
4100o K
Quartz Halogen
Metal Halide
Cool White
Clear Mercury Vapor
HPS
LPS
Photopic Lumen Multiplier
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
VSComparison of Fluorescent T8 216 Watt Fixture
Metal Halide with Pulse Start 360 Watt
LampMortality
Characteristic% Survivors
@Hours
Type ColorRendering
Index
Lamp LumenDepreciationMaintenance
Total HoursLife
Expected
LuminairePerformance
Including LightLoss
50% @ 19200
Metal Halide350 Watt
Includes 30Watt Pulse
StartBallast
60 70 2400015750 Lumens@12000 Hours
Max
85%@24000
Fluorescent T84100 Degree K
4 X4 Foot216 WattsIncludes
ProgrammedStart Ballast
85 93 3000013500 Lumens@24000 Hours
Max
Metal Halide On Time =15 Minutes From Cold - 20 Minutes Restrike From Hot If Power FailsFlourescent On Time =Instant OnMetal Halide: Ballast Life=10 To 15 YearsFlourescent Ballast Life:=35 Years Alternating Ballasts In Fixture During Unoccupied Mode NOTE: Eye Sensitivity Doubles At Scotopic Frequencies At Night , Light Meter Does Not Double Sensitivity.
Therfore Light Appears Brighter Than Meter Indicates. At 80% of life, the light level of the T8 is 85% of the metal halide light level, this difference is barely percepatable by the eye
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
0
5
10
15
20
25
Per
ce
nt
Chilled Water Cooling Water Steam Compressed Air Hot Oil
Plant Utilities
Potential Annual Energy Savings
Potential Minimum Potential Maximum
After Implementation of Energy Conservation Program
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
Per
ce
nt
Chilled Water Cooling Water Steam Hot Water Lighting
Institutional Buildings & Facilities
Potential Annual Energy Savings
Potential Minimum Potential Maximum
After Implementation of Energy Conservation Program
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
940
4460
13070
36570
500
5500
10500
15500
20500
25500
30500
35500
40500
Mil
lio
ns
of
KW
h
Solar Wind Geothermal Biomass
Type of Energy Sources
Electricity Generated by Renewable Energy Sources
Source: DOE Energy Information Administration, 1999
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Annual Operating Expenses in PercentData based on 2000 BOMA Exchange Report
Average Cost of Urban & Suburban Non-Government Buildings
Cleaning19%
Grounds/Security10%
Utilities30%
Repair/Maintenance23%
Administrative18%
Annual Operating Expenses in Percent
Data based on 2000 BOMA Exchange Report
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
12
34
56
7
S1
S2
$2.27 $2.61$3.13
$3.91
$5.08
$6.86
$2.10 $2.42 $2.90 $3.62 $4.71$6.36
$0
$1
$2
$3
$4
$5
$6
$7
Mil
lio
ns
Year
With Energy Management
Existing
$1,800,000 Savings over 7 Years
Energy Costs
Manufacturing Facility
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
19971998
19992000 *
Imports
US Consumption
18.62 18.68 19.2319.66
9.169.64 10.03 10.63
0
5
10
15
20
Mill
ion
s o
f B
arr
els
pe
r D
ay
Years
U.S. Petroleum Consumption and Imports
Imports
US Consumption
Source: DOE Energy Information Administration
Values for Year 2000 Projected
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Natural Gas28%
Electricity17%Coal
24%
Petroleum31%
Energy Source
Source: Energy Information Administration
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Commercial15%
Transportation27%
Industrial38%
Residential20%
End-Use Sector
Source: Energy Information Administration
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Energy88%
Recycling1% Labor
5%
Material6%
Typical Fluorescent Lamp Life Cycle Cost
One 4 Foot 2-Lamp T-8 Electronic Ballast Fixture (59 Watts)Typical 4000 Hours of Operation per YearAnnual Operating Cost $10.62 at ($0.045/kWh)
5 Year Lifetime Operating Cost $60.36
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Motor Life Cycle Cost - 5HP
Continuous Operating 90.2% EfficientInitial Purchase Price of Motor $234.00Annual Operating Cost $1,666 at ($0.046/kWh)
20 Year Lifetime Operating Cost $33,320
Motor Price0.68%
Labor Cost2.33%
Energy Cost96.99%
$800
$33,320
$234
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Thank You !
For your time and interest in
Power Correction Systems
1800 S. Robertson Blvd. PMB 419, Los Angeles, CA 90035 Phone: 310 247-4848 Fax: 310 273-7719
Brahm Segal; E-mail:[email protected]