Environmental analysis applying inner-shell spectroscopies and the
molecular orbital theory
Jun Kawai
Kyoto University
Acknowledgements
S. Kunimura, N. Sasaki
Asahi Glass Foundation
MTA-JSPS Joint Resaerch Project
Portable TXRF with Hamamatsu Photonics tube (1W)
www.fisichem.com
http://www.x-ray.co.jp/imp_pico.html
http://www.rigaku.co.jp/products/p/xfex0015/
37kg
70kg
5 kg
http://www.technos.co.jp/products/index.html
Non-mono X-ray tube
1 WDetection li
mit 1 ng August 2007
XRF
X-ray
TXRF
XRF + Scat.X-ray
Non-TXRF
K: 6 ngCa , Sc , Ti , V , Cr , Mn ,Fe: 8 ngNi: 24 ngS: 435 ng
TXRF : Yoneda & Horiuchi (1971)
TXRF Yoneda & Horiuchi (1971)
April, 2007
HoriuchiKunimura
9 ng of V
Blank
20 x 7 L
Vanadium containing mineral water
K: 6 ngCa, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe: 8 ng, Ni: 24 ng S: 435 ng
20 L x 0.5 ppm Cr
20 mm
0.8 m1 mm
5 mm
100 mm
Si waferSi wafer
Al stripsAl strips
Egorov: X-Ray Spectrom. 33 (2004)360
Detector
Sample
Reflectors
www.fisichem.com
Conventional XRF TXRF
H.J. Sanchez: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B 194 (2002) 90
Waveguide Mode Formation
Air
MoBeMo
Substrate
2 3
Ca - Fe 4 ng, Ni 12 ng
Si50 m W
X-ray
X-rays 50 m
~150 m
…
…
~25 m
Music plate lens
X-ray wave guide
Detection limit for various TXRF spectrometers
Donau
Kamogawa Kyoto
0 5 10 15 20 25
Rh KRh KC
Fe K
Fe KIn
tens
ity
Energy (keV)
10 11 12 13 14
As K Fe K+K
Pb L
Fe K+KSe K
As KPb L
Inte
nsity
Energy (keV)
50 kV X-ray tube
zoom
Standard soil sample (KKS)Pb 1077 ppmAs 408 ppmSe 314 ppmCd 614 ppmHg 72 ppm
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
1
2
3
4
L/L
Accelerating voltage (kV)
Conclusions• Non-mono X-ray tube 1 W, TXRF: Detecti
on limit 1 ng at August 2007• X-ray optics: wave guides, music lens, di
scharge X-ray tube, …• Quantum chemistry-Pb La/Lb ratio…