Essential Natural Science 1Unit 3
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 3
Contents
Living things
Common characteristics Chemical composition
Cells
HistoryOrganisationPlant and animal cellsDifferences in living things
Classification
KingdomsClassifying living thingsSpecies
Biodiversity
OriginReductionImportance
Hands on
Using a microscope to study cells.
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 3
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What do all living things have in common?
What are living things made up of?
History of cell discovery
How are cells organised?
How do animal and plant cells differ?
How do living things differ?
How are living things classified?
What are the five kingdoms?
What is a species?
What is the origin of biodiversity?
What factors can reduce biodiversity?
Hands on. Using a microscope to study cells
Why is biodiversity important?
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Animation: Eukaryotic cells
Activity: Animal and plant cells
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What is the origin of biodiversity?
Millions of years ago Today
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EVOLUTION
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What factors can reduce biodiversity?
Dams
Mining
Industry
River crab
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Destruction of habitatsPollution of
water, soil and the atmosphere
Introduction of exotic species
Waste
Uncontrolled hunting and
fishing
FACTORS
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Why is biodiversity important?
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How can it be conserved?
What are the benefits?
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Why is biodiversity important?
Iberian lynx(Lynx pardinus)
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• Creating protected areas• Assisted reproduction of endangered species
• Protecting endangered species
How can it be conserved?
Doñana National Park
What are the benefits?
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• economic• scientific• ecological• cultural
Why is biodiversity important?
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Benefits of biodiversity
How can it be conserved?
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They are born and they die.
They carry out three functions.
They have a similar chemical
composition.
They are made up of
cells.
What do all living things have in common?
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 3
What do all living things have in common?
Vital functions:
Interaction with the environment
Reproduction
HeterotrophsAutotrophs
Asexual reproduction
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Nutrition
Sexual reproduction
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Animation: Eukaryotic cells
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 3
What are living things made up of?
carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N)
Inorganic substances Organic substances
nucleic acids
PLANTS ANIMALS
vitamins
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water mineral salts glucids lipids proteins
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 3
What are living things made up of?
carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N)
Inorganic substances Organic substances
WATER
PLANTS ANIMALS
74 % 60 %
vitamins
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nucleic acidsmineral salts glucids lipids proteins
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 3
What are living things made up of?
carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N)
Inorganic substances Organic substances
MINERAL SALTS
PLANTS ANIMALS
3.2 %
vitamins
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3.4 %
nucleic acidswater glucids lipids proteins
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 3
What are living things made up of?
carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N)
Inorganic substances Organic substances
GLUCIDS
PLANTS ANIMALS
19 % 0.6 %
vitamins
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 3
What are living things made up of?
carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N)
Inorganic substances Organic substances
LIPIDS
PLANTS ANIMALS
0.8 %
20 %
vitamins
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 3
What are living things made up of?
carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N)
Inorganic substances Organic substances
PROTEINS
PLANTS ANIMALS
3.2 % 16 %
vitamins
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 3
microscope
History of cell discovery
1665
Robert Hooke
19th century
20th century
Cells are the smallest unit of life.
Cell Theory
electron microscope
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Matthias J. SchleidenTheodor Schwann
slice of cork
cells50 x
3,850 x plant cell
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 3
Plant cell
Bacteria
How are cells organised?
Animals Plants
Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells
Cell membrane Cytoplasm Genetic material Nucleus
Eukaryotic cells Yes Yes Yes Yes
Prokaryotic cells Yes Yes Yes No
cell membrane
Animal cellcytoplasm
genetic material
nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
genetic material
SEE DIFFERENCES
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How do animal and plant cells differ?
CELL WALL(rigid)
ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL
NUCLEUS
CHLOROPLASTS(photosynthesis)
VACUOLE
CYTOPLASM
CELL MEMBRANE
MITOCHONDRIA
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 3
Hands on. Using a microscope to study cells
Preparation
1
2
3
4
5
Obtain a specimen or cells.
Place on a slide.
Add a drop of water to the specimen or stain the cells.
Put the cover slip on.
Look through themicroscope.
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Plant cells Animal cells
Essential Natural Science 1Unit 3
Hands on. Using a microscope to study cells
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Plant cellsPreparation
1 Obtain a plant specimen.
4 Place the cover slip on it.
2 Place it on a slide.
3 Add a drop of water.
5 Look through themicroscope.
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Animal cells
Essential Natural Science 1Unit 3
Hands on. Using a microscope to study cells
Animal cellsPreparation
4 Put the cover slip on.
3 Add a drop of water.Stain the cells with dye.
2 Spread the cells on a slide.
1 Obtain cells.
5 Look through themicroscope.
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Plant cells
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How do living things differ?
LIVING THINGS
Unicellular
one cell
bacteria
unicellular algae
(Volvox)
Grouping of cells(specific functions)
cells
tissues
organs
systems
musculoskeletal system
bone cellmuscle cells
bone tissue
Cells work
together.
bone organ
skeletal system
muscle tissue
muscular organ
muscular system
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Multicellular
colonies
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What are the five kingdoms?
Monera Kingdom
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Protoctist Kingdom
Fungi Kingdom
Plant Kingdom
Animal Kingdom
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What are the five kingdoms?
• unicellular• prokaryotes• autotrophic or heterotrophic
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Monera Kingdom
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What are the five kingdoms?
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• unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes• autotrophic / heterotrophic
Protoctist Kingdom
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What are the five kingdoms?
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• unicellular or multicellular• eukaryotes• heterotrophic
Fungi Kingdom
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What are the five kingdoms?
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• multicellular• eukaryotes• autotrophic
Plant Kingdom
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What are the five kingdoms?
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• multicellular• eukaryotes• heterotrophic
Animal Kingdom
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How are living things classified?
18th century
Taxonomy: the science of the classification of living thingsCarl Linnaeus
KINGDOM
FamilyPhyllum
Phyllum
Phyllum
Phyllum
Class
Order
Order
Order
Family
Genus
Genus Genus
Genus
Species
Class
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What is a species?
Formation of hybrids
Species:A set of physically similar living things, usually with fertile descendants.
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Binomial nomenclature
Sexual dimorphism
What is its name? What is it?
Who’s who?
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What is a species?
Common name:Red panda
Scientific name:Ailurus fulgens
Genus
Species:A set of physically similar living things, usually with fertile descendants.
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Binomial nomenclature
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What is a species?
Formation of hybrids
Donkey Mare
Species:A set of physically similar living things, usually with fertile descendants.
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Mule GO BACK
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What is a species?
male
Species:A set of physically similar living things, usually with fertile descendants.
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Sexual dimorphism
female
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Interactive activity: Animal and plant cells
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Essential Natural Science 1Unit 3
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Biodiversity
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Cells