Onno van Nijf
Christina Williamson
CRASIS Annual Meeting 2012 “Cultures of Networks in the Ancient Mediterranean – 9 & 10 February, 2012
FESTIVAL NETWORKS IN THE HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN WORLDS
Agenda
1. Introduction – Greek cities in the Hellenistic world
2. Network models and festivals – the case of Stratonikeian network building through the festival of
Hekate at Lagina
3. Network agents at festivals – the role of theoroi, athletes, and associations
4. Conclusion – building a ‘small world’ through festivals?
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FESTIVAL NETWORKS IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD
The Classical periodos: Olympia, Delphi, Nemea, Isthmia
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FESTIVAL NETWORKS IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD
Stratonikeia and the sanctuary of Hekate at Lagina
Agenda
1. Introduction – Greek cities in the Hellenistic world
2. Network models and festivals – the case of Stratonikeian network building through the festival of
Hekate at Lagina
3. Network agents at festivals – the role of theoroi, athletes, and associations
4. Conclusion – building a ‘small world’ through festivals
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3
4
FESTIVAL NETWORKS IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD
FESTIVAL NETWORKS IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD
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Some useful literature
Archibald, Z.H. (2000) 'Making the most of one's friends. Western Asia Minor in the early Hellenistic age', in Z.H. Archibald and L.A. Hall, ed. Hellenistic economies, London, 245-270
Brughmans, T. (Forthcoming) 'Facebooking the past. A critical social network analysis approach for archaeology', in A. Chrysanthi et al., eds, Thinking beyond the tool. Archaeological computing and the interpretative process, Oxford
Chwe, M.S.-Y. (2000) 'Communication and coordination in social networks', The Review of Economic Studies 67(1), 1-16
Collar, A. (2007) 'Network theory and religious innovation', Mediterranean Historical Review 22(1), 149-162 Gould, R.V. (1993) 'Collective action and network structure', American Sociological Review 58, 182-196 Horden, P. and N. Purcell (2000) The corrupting sea. A study of Mediterranean history, Oxford Kowalzig, B. (2007) 'Mapping out communitas. Performances of theoria in their sacred and political
context', in J. Elsner and I. Rutherford, ed. Pilgrimage in Graeco-Roman and early Christian antiquity, Oxford, 41-72
Ma, J. (2003) 'Peer polity and interaction in the Hellenistic age', Past and Present 180, 9-39 Malkin, I. (2005) 'Networks and the emergence of Greek identity', in I. Malkin, ed. Mediterranean
paradigms and classical antiquity, London, 56-74 Malkin, I., C. Constantakopoulou, et al. (2007) 'Preface: Networks in the Ancient Mediterranean',
Mediterranean Historical Review 22(1), 1-9 Meijers, E. (2007) 'From Central Place to Network model. Theory and evidence of a paradigm change',
Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 98(2), 245-259 Rutherford, I. (2007) 'Network theory and theoric networks', Mediterranean Historical Review 22(1), 23-37 –
and other contributions in this issue! Watts, D.J. and S.H. Strogatz (1998) 'Collective dynamics of 'small-world' networks', Nature 393(4 June
1998), 440-442
The world seen from Magnesia on the Maeander
FESTIVAL NETWORKS IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD
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Magnesia on the Maeander
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Stratonikeia in Karia
FESTIVAL NETWORKS IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD
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(Stratonikeia - demes) The five older communities known from demotics: - Hiera Kome (ΙΕ) - Koranza (ΚΖ) - Koliorga (ΚΟ) - Koraia (ΚΩ) - Lobolda (ΛΟ) (Cousin and Diehl 1887; Şahin 1976, 1-15; Debord 1994)
Koranza
Koliorga
Koranza
Koraia/Lobolda
Koraia/Lobolda
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Hekate and Lagina
Tridrachm, 160-130 BC – Zeus & Hekate (Meadows 2002 Group 1, specimen 1a)
Temple architrave frieze – Hekate in a gigantomachy
Sanctuary complex – late 2nd c. BC
FESTIVAL NETWORKS IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD
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(Stratonikeia - demes)
STRATONIKEIA
LAGINA Koranza
Koliorga
Koranza
Koraia/Lobolda
Koraia/Lobolda
The five older communities become the demes of Stratonikeia with Lagina as common sanctuary and ‘central’ node of the polis
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(wider Stratonikeian territory after SC)
Stratonikeia becomes one of the largest poleis in Karia after the territorial annex granted in the Senatus Consultum of 81 BC
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The world according to Stratonikeia
LAGINA
Map of the 57 cities that recognized the asylia (inviolability) of Lagina granted by Rome after the Mithridatic wars (80s BC), and participated in the Hekatesia-Romaia festivals (I.Stratonikeia 505-508)
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The regional festival network of Stratonikeia List of places in which an athlete from Kos was victorious, including the Hekatesia at Lagina (Iscrizioni di Cos EV 203)
LAGINA
Agenda
1. Introduction – Greek cities in the Hellenistic world
2. Network models and festivals – the case of Stratonikeian network building through the festival of
Hekate at Lagina
3. Network agents at festivals – the role of theoroi, athletes, and associations
4. Conclusion – building a ‘small world’ through festivals
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3
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FESTIVAL NETWORKS IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD
FESTIVAL NETWORKS IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD
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Network specialists at agonistic festivals
1. Theoroi & theorodokoi
2. Athletes
3. Associations of artists
Theoroi jJoint sacrifice
Points
mean prizes
Association (SYNODOS) in Hierapolis
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Network agents #2 – Prize-winning Athletes
FESTIVAL NETWORKS IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD
Aurelius Demostratos Damas of Sardis documents from: Sardis, Ephesos, Delphi, Hermoupolis, Rome
Hermoupolis
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FESTIVAL NETWORKS IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD
Aurelius Demostratos Damas of Sardis – superstar! – locations of victories
2x Olympia
2x Puteoli
3x Nemea
3x Argos Aspis
3x Rome
3x Nikopolis
3x Pergamon
3x Rhodes
4x Naples
4x Sardis
4x Alexandria
4x Pythia
5x Isthmia
6x Smyrna
9x Ephesos
10x Athens
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FESTIVAL NETWORKS IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD
Aurelius Demostratos Damas of Sardis - everyone loves him! – international citizenship
Alexandria
Antinoopolis
Argos
Athens
Corinth
Delphi
Ephesos
Elis
Sardis (patris)
Lakedaimon
Miletos
Naples
Nikomedia
Pergamon
Pinara
Smyrna
Tralles
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FESTIVAL NETWORKS IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD
Network agents #3 – Associations of artists Associations with HQ in the great Hellenistic centers
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Network agents #3 – associations and their links
Athens
Kappadokia
Thessaly
Boeotia
Phokis
Isthmia -
Nemea
Lokris
Delphi
Chalkedon
Chalkis
Olympia
Delos
Alexandria
Ptolemais
Cyprus
Ionia -
Hellespont Teos
Magnesia on the Maeander
Elaia
Aetolian League
Antiochos III Seleukeia - Tigris
Samothrake
Kos
Pergamon
Argos
Amphictyonic League
Salamis Paphos
S. Italy -
Sicily
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The Roman periodos is a small world!
Hellas
Aegyptus
Asia
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ROME
Italia
Agenda
1. Introduction – Greek cities in the Hellenistic world
2. Network models and festivals – the case of Stratonikeian network building through the festival of
Hekate at Lagina
3. Network agents at festivals – the role of theoroi, athletes, and associations
4. Conclusion – building a ‘small world’ through festivals
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2
3
4
FESTIVAL NETWORKS IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD
FESTIVAL NETWORKS IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD
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Conclusions
LOCAL
unification of the polis
GLOBAL
recognition from the Greek world
REGIONAL
engagement of peer network
FESTIVAL NODES
NETWORK BUILDING SCALES
STRATONIKEIA & LAGINA CASE STUDY
THEOROI
reciprocity through delegates
ATHLETES
political bonds transfer of
knowledge
ASSOCIATIONS
facilitators in global traffic
FESTIVAL TIES
NETWORK BUILDING AGENTS
THEMATIC DISCUSSION
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The ‘small world’ of festivals
Hellas
Egypt
Asia
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PAN-HELLENIC FESTIVALS
Italia
Ds
Thank you for your attention!
FESTIVAL NETWORKS IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD