Download - Etienne & Claude

8/12/2019 Etienne & Claude

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tienne-Louis Boulle


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Born in Paris, in 1728

Died on Feb. 6, 1799, in Paris

He was one of the most innovative neoclassic

French architects

He wanted to be a painter, but followed his fatherwish & he turned to architecture

He studied French Classical architecture &

Neoclassicism under Jacques-Franois Blondel,

Germain Boffrand and Jean-Laurent Le GeayHe opened his own studio by age of 19

He was elected to the Acadmie Royale

d'Architecture in 1762

EARLY LIFE


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He became chief architect to Frederick II of

Prussia

A visionary neoclassical architect

His work greatly influenced contemporary

architects and is still influential todayHe designed several Parisian city mansions from

1762 to 1778

His most notable works are Htel Alexandre and

Htel de Brunoy, both in ParisHe was more influential as a teacher & theorist.

His great writing on, Architecture. Essai sur l'art

written in 1790s was not published until 1953


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STYLE OF WORKDistinctive abstract geometric style inspired by

Classical forms

Removal of all unnecessary ornamentation

Inflating geometric forms to a huge scale andrepeating elements such as columns in huge ranges

Boulle promoted the idea of making architecture

expressive of its purpose, a doctrine that his

detractors termed architecture parlante ("talkingarchitecture")


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Boulle had a fondness for grandiose.

He designed public works to capture the

revolutionary spirit and give monumental spaces to

the people.

He used effects of light and shadow to bringgeometric forms to life.

His focus on polarity (offsetting opposite design

elements)

He also buried part of a structure to emphasizethe mystery in building.


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He considered sphere as most ideal form.

Boulle designed cenotaph for the English scientist Isaac

Newton, in 1784

The structure was never built, its design was engraved and

circulated widely in professional circles

The structure would have taken the form of a sphere 150m(490

ft) high embedded in a circular base topped with cypress trees.

Cnotaphe New ton


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The small sarcophagus for Newton is placed at the lower pole of

the sphere.

The interior of the cenotaph was to be a hollow globe

representing the universe.The design of the memorial creates the effect of day and night.

The effect of night, when the sarcophagus is illuminated by the

starlight coming through the holes in the vaulting.

The effect of day by an armillary sphere hanging in the center

that gives off a mysterious glow.


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For Boulle symmetry and variety were the golden rules of

architecture.


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HOTEL ALEXANDREBuilt in Paris from 176366

It is the sole survivor of Boulle's residential work in Paris

It was built for the financier Andr-Claude-NicolasAlexandre

In its three sided courtyard, four Corinthian columns

embedded against a recess in the wall plane create an entry

(now glazed)
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Flanking doors in the corners of the courtyard have isolatedarchitraves embedded in the wall above their plain openings

The oval bull's-eye windows are draped with the swags of husks

(a common feature of the neoclassical manner).

The garden front has a colossal order of pilasters raised on the

high basement occupied by the full height of the ground floor.
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French National Library

Boulle proposed a grand design for a French National Library in

1785.

The design for the main reading room featured a vast, barrel-

vaulted ceiling and a modern shelving arrangement


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There are stacked galleries of books over flat wall-cases.

This create a feeling of an endless bookcases.

The bookcases are open and easily browsable, in dramatic

contrast to the earlier medieval system.

Visitors are free to wander about and converse in small groupsBut there is no provision of studydesks or chairs
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Metropolitan Cathedral
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Created in 1782

Use of shadow and light lend a sense of drama to thespace.The long barrel vaults and rich patterns surrounding thediminutive scale figures make the cathedral seem

incomprehensibly massive.


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Palais nationale

Boulle projected a Palais National to replace the ancient

Couvent de Capucines between Place Vendme and theboulevard.

The construction was inspired by antique roman

architecture.

The cupola seems to be influenced by the Panthon


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It shows an utopian( idealistic)

palace surrounded by residences

and buildings for

the education of the Prince.

Palais in Saint-Germain-en-Laye
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An opra

Inspired by the Colosseum Boulle's "Circus" was

designed for "patriotic meetings"
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Cenotaph in Egyptian style, 1784


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Claude-Nicolas Ledoux
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Born on March 21, 1736 & Died on November 18, 1806A French NeoClassic Architect

Studied architecture under Jacques-Franois Blondel.

He was influenced by Classical Greek architecture &

works of Palladio.

He used his theory to design not only in domestic

architecture but in town planning also.

He made a visionary plan for Ideal City of Chaux

His greatest works were funded by the French monarchyand came to be perceived as symbols of the Ancien

Rgime rather than Utopia

EARLY LIFE


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Most of his works was destroyed in The French

Revolution.

After which he published a collection of his designs under

the title "Architecture considered in relation to art, morals,

and legislation.

He built palaces and various public buildings, among

them the tollhouses (barrires) around Paris (1784), the

Palace of Justice and prison of Aix-en-Provence, the

Theater of Besanonthe

His most important work was the uncompleted Royal

Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans, an idealistic and visionary

town showing many examples of architecture parlante.


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STYLE OF WORK A rational system of architecture that emphasized

form rather than decoration He uses elements within classical Greek and Roman

architecture

Using colossal order: The principle of superimposing

the classic column motifs on each floor, rising fromsimplest to the most complex: Tuscan, Doric, Ionic,

Corinthian

His architecture is quite practical and functional,

though, the "visionary" aspects of his work are better

known


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Claude-Nicolas Ledoux Works

Built in the rue Saint-Honor.The result was an interior of trompe l'oeil and mirrors.

Pilasters painted on the walls were interspersed with alternating

pier glasses and panels

The panels were painted with trophies of helmets and weaponry,

all executed in bold detail.

The Caf Godeau
http://www.ashleyhicks.com/places/les-salines-royales.html


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Ledoux rebuilt the chteau for Marquis de Montesquiou-

Fzensac and created new gardens replete with fountains

supplied by an aqueduct
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The Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans1775-1778)Salt was extracted from saline wells by vaporizing in wood-

fuelled furnaces

Contrary to what the French government wanted, Ledoux

placed the saltworks near the woods as apposed to the

source of the salt water

He logically reasoned that it would be easier to transport

water than wood.

Ledoux designed the a radical concentric complex to reflect

a hierarchical organization of work


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E t i th h i D i ti i i d b th
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Entrance is through a massive Doric portico, inspired by the

temples at Paestum

The alliance of the columns is an archetypal motif of

neoclassicism.

I id h ll i th i i f t i


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Inside, a cavernous hall gives the impression of entering an

actual salt mine.

The hall is decorated with concrete ornamentation representing

the elementary forces of nature and the organizing genius of Man,

a reflection of the views of the relationship between civilizationand nature


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The entrance building opens into a vast semicircular open

air space that is surrounded by ten buildings arranged on

the arc of a semicircle.

On the arc is the cooper's forge, the forging mill and twohuts for the workers.

On the straight diameter are the workshops for the

extraction of salt alternating with administrative buildings.

At the centre is the house of the director ,which originallyalso contained a chapel.

The significance of this plan is:

The circle, a perfect figure, evokes the harmony of the ideal

cityIt theoretically encloses a place of harmony for common

work

It recalls also contemporary theories of organization and of

official surveillance


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House Of The Director

Th Th t Of B
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The Theatre Of Besanon

Constructed in 1784

The exterior of the building was a severe Palladian Cube

adorned only by an almost Grecian neoclassical portico of sixDoric columns

The interior was a revolution design in its provision of seats for

the ordinary public as well as upper classes.

Th ti f di bli & l t d
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The seating of ordinary public & upper classes was segregated.

It have a ground floor amphitheater furnished with seats for the

ordinary paying public.

Above them was a raised terrace or balcony for state employers.

Directly above was the first tier of boxes reserved for the

aristocracy, and above this a tier of smaller boxes occupied by the

middle-class the second.

Besanon was the first theater to screen the musicians in an

orchestra pit


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H d i d i t h i th 1780


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He designed private houses in the 1780s

They had brilliantly eccentric features, including odd layouts,

discontinuous elevations, and a striking use of Doric architectural

elements

Chateau benouville

Tollhouses or barrires
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Barriere de Monceau

Barriere de la Villette

Tollhouses or barrires

Built from 178589, in the four years preceding the French

Revolution

He created colossal geometric forms to its furthest extent,

fashioning rotundas, Greek temples, porticoes, and vaulted apses

with rusticated masonry and Doric columns.


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Many of the barrires were subsequently torn down by mobs

of resentful taxpayers during the Revolution.Ledoux himself was arrested during the Terror

This ended his active career as an architect.

After his release he spent his last years writing and compiling

Larchitectureconsidre sous le rapport de lart, des moeurs

et de la lgislation (1804; Architecture Considered with

Respect to Art, Customs, and Legislation), which contains his

own engravings of his works.


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REFERENCES-

1) en.wikipedia.org

2) www.britannica.com3) www.greatbuildings.com4) www.architecture.com5) www.scholarsresource.com

6) hanser.ceat.okstate.edu


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SUBMITTED BY-

NAME- VITASTA CHATURVEDIID- 2010UAR122