European approaches to transport data collection and analysis for strategic policy and impact evaluation
TRB 92nd Annual Meeting
Session 824: Transport data program development: International best practices – Part 2
16th January 2013
Sujith KollamthodiPractice Director – Sustainable TransportRicardo-AEA Limited
Overview
• Ricardo-AEA is responsible for annually compiling the UK’s National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory
• Key part of this is the road transportation emissions inventory
• Complexity of the road transportation sector means that multiple data sources are required to provide accurate estimates
• New techniques and data sources are enabling us to make significant improvements to these inventories
Basic methodology
Emission factordeterminants:• pollutant type• vehicle type• vehicle size (engine
size/weight)• vehicle age• retrofit technology• fuel type• fuel quality• fuel volatility• speed• temperature• degradation
Emission factors• hot exhaust• cold start• evaporative
Activity data• km traveled/yr• fuel
consumption/yr• trip length
EMISSIONS• tonnes/yr (UK)• 1x1 km maps
Emissions from each vehicle type
= Emission Factor X Activity
(Tonnes per year) (grams/km or g/kg fuel (vkm traveled or kg fuel consumed)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1600.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.4
Speed (kph)
NO
x (
g/k
m)
Road transport inventory – coverage and level of disaggregation
Pollutants• CO2, CH4, N2O, Fuel consumption
• NOx, PM10, PM2.5, CO, VOCs, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, SO2, NH3, primary NO2, PAHs…
Vehicle types• Petrol and diesel cars
• Petrol and diesel vans
• Rigid and artic HGVs
• Buses and coaches
• Motorcycles
Road types• Urban• Rural• Motorway
Activity dataAnnual vehicle km data
• Department for Transport (DfT) traffic census: for Great Britain, with disaggregation for England, Scotland, Wales
Vehicle Speed data• DfT traffic census
Vehicle sales and fleet composition data (DfT Licensing Statistics)
• % diesel cars
• % by age (to derive fleet composition by emissions standard)
• Technology, retrofits
Fuel consumption data from UK official fuel sales statistics• Gasoline, diesel, LPG , natural gas
• Bottom-up estimates reconciled with top-down fuel sales data
Road traffic by vehicle type and road class
Information required by 31st August each year: all years back to 1990 on a consistent basis
Road traffic by vehicle type and road class in Great Britain 2011 (Billion vehicle kilometers)
Cars and taxis
Motor-cycles
Buses & coaches Light vans
Goods vehicles
All motor vehicles
Motorways 2 75.0 0.4 0.4 12.5 11.2 99.5
Rural 'A' roads:Trunk 3 44.3 0.4 0.3 7.9 5.2 58.1Principal 66.2 0.8 0.6 11.4 4.1 83.1All rural 'A' roads 110.5 1.1 0.9 19.3 9.3 141.2
Urban 'A' roads: 1
Trunk 3 4.3 - - 0.7 0.3 5.4Principal 60.5 0.8 1.1 9.2 2.3 73.9All urban 'A' roads 64.7 0.8 1.2 9.9 2.6 79.3
All major roads 4 250.3 2.4 2.5 41.7 23.0 319.9
Minor roads:Minor rural roads 52.8 0.8 0.5 10.8 1.4 66.3Minor urban roads 1 84.3 1.5 1.7 14.0 1.2 102.7All minor roads 137.1 2.3 2.1 24.9 2.6 169.0
ALL ROADS 387.4 4.6 4.7 66.6 25.6 488.9
Mapping fuel use and emissions
Emissions mapped using • OS UK Road Network Links• DfT traffic census count-point data• Speed data from automatic traffic counters• VKM traveled statistics
Implied UK-average emission factors for many different road typesAverage
Emission Factors by Road Type
DfT Traffic Flows &
VKM
OS Road Network
Links
1x1 km Emission Maps
LA Fuel UseStatistics
LA CO2
Statistics
• 1x1 km emission maps• Local Authority Fuel Use Statistics
to support provision of sub-national energy trends
• Local Authority CO2 end user emissions
Scoping Study on use of Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) data
Current situation• Vehicle fleet composition estimates based on
licensing data, vehicle survival functions, mileage-with-age profiles
• No regional or road-type variations, except assumption that higher mileage for diesel cars on rural roads/motorways than on urban roads
NAEI analysis of ANPR data• Variation in petrol/diesel car mix by region and
road type• Variation in age distribution for cars, vans and
heavy duty trucks by region and road type
Scoping Study on use of Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) data
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
ANPR data: Proportion of car fleet on urban roads comprising diesel cars in different regions of the UK:
2007-2010 East of England
East Midlands
London
North East
North West
South East
South West
West Midlands
Yorkshire/Humber
Scotland
Wales
Benefits of using ANPR data
Improved fleet composition
data
Improved emissions for both AQ and
GHG inventories
Country-specific inventories for GHG emissions from road
transport
Improvements to the UK’s National
Transport Model and road scheme
assessment tools
Improvements to Local Authority Air Quality
Review and Assessments, Air Quality Action Plans and Local Authority CO2
inventories
Summary
• UK road transportation emissions inventory relies on a huge amount of traffic and vehicle data supplied by the UK Department for Transport
• Continuous improvement of the methodologies used means that the current approach has a high level of accuracy
• ANPR data can help further improve transportation inventories by providing better resolution at the regional and local level
Sujith KollamthodiPractice Director – Sustainable Transport
Ricardo-AEA LimitedThe Gemini BuildingFermi AvenueHarwellOxfordshireOX11 0QRUnited Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0)870 190 6513E: [email protected] W: http://www.ricardo-aea.com
Copyright Ricardo-AEA LtdThis presentation is submitted by Ricardo-AEA. It may not be used for any other purposes, reproduced in whole or in part, nor passed to any organisation or person without the specific permission in writing of the Commercial Manager, Ricardo-AEA Ltd.