Executive Summary
Study and development of biomass gasification unit
for agricultural pumping system
Proposed to
Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency
(DEDE)
Ministry of Energy, thailand
By
Ubon Ratchathani University
July 2010
Executive summary
Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 1
Abstract
Biomass gas (sometimes called or producer gas or synthesis gas) is obtained from the thermal
reaction of biomass in the gasifier. The biomass gas can be often fed as fuel in the internal combustion
engine. It has been widely used in some countries, however, it is not quite developed and applied in
Thailand. This project studies and develops the biomass gasification unit for the agricultural pumping
system. The diesel engine was modified to be a neat gas engine and used as the power engine for the
pump. All of the equipment and machine used in this project was developed in Thailand and this will
encourage the promotion of biomass gasification in Thailand. This project was supported by the
Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE), Ministry of Energy, Thailand,
while the consulting and operating team was from Ubon Ratchathani University. The gasifier employed in
this project is the Downdraft Double throat with capacity of 320 kWth (or the gas flow rate of 240 Nm3/hr).
The biomass gas engine is the engine which is modified from the original diesel engine Mitsubishi
modeled 6D16. The engine was modified by reducing the compression ratio from 18:1 to 11:1, replacing
the fuel injector by the spark plug, and installing the ECU for controlling the ignition timing.
From the test, the biomass gas engine can operate properly at various engine speeds. After
connecting to the pump, the average pumping capacity of 1,000.72 m3/hr at engine speed of 1500 rpm can
be achieved. The overall efficiency of the whole system (from energy input to output hydraulic power) is
13.83% while the cost for pumping the water is 0.31 baht/m3. When this system is applied to the rice farm,
with pumping capacity of 10,000 /m3/day, it will be able to provide enough water for the rice farm of 734
rai (or 117.44 hectare). This generates the income of , , baht for the farmer while the energy cost,
compring to using electricity, of 167,700 can be saved. About the environmental impact, it is found that
there is only little amount of tar contaminated in the waste water and it is under the standard limit. The
raw material (biomass) management can be done by encouraging the people to grow the fast rotating tree
and selling to the community union or exchanging the biomass with the water. This will also produce the
income to the people and also save the expense that must be paid for the water.
Executive summary
Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 2
Content
Page
Abstract
Content
Executive summary
1. Survey and collect information about irrigation system, pumping system, and
biomass gasification technology.
2. Survey and site selection
3. Properties of the potential biomass and design the gasification system 0
4. Prepare and install the pilot biomass gasification plant and the pumping system 4
5. Test and Analysis of the Gasifier System 6
. Strategic plan to promote the use of biomass gasifier-pumping system 2
7. Seminar 3
Executive summary
Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 3
Executive summary
Water is considered as one of the most important thing for agriculture either for plant cultivation
or livestock farming. Presently, the farmer in Thailand mainly used the from the natural resource such as
river, canal, rainfall, or even underground water. However, for ones who are not living near the water
resource, the pumping and irrigation system are required. Currently, the pumps widely used in Thailand
are electrical or diesel engine pumps, because, it is friendly to buy, to operate, and to maintenance.
However, the energy cost for these pump are relative high. Therefore, it is important to research and
develop the renewable energy source as an alternative fuel for the pumping system.
Biomass gas (or producer gas) is one of the renewable fuel produced from the biomass by the
gasification process in the gasifier. The properly treated biomass gas can be used as fuel in the spark
ignition engine similar to LPG or CNG. From the preliminary survey, using the biomass gas replacing the
diesel or electricity in the large pumping system should be able to save energy cost. Therefore, the DEDE
has setup the project “study and development of the biomass gasification unit for the agricultural pumping
system” to investigate the feasibility of the project in aspects of biomas gas & engine technology,
operation, economics, management, and environmental impact. In this project, there are 7 major activities
as following
. Survey and collect information about irrigation system, pumping system, and biomass gasification
technology
2. Survey and select the most appropriate site to install the biomass gasification unit and the pumping
system
3. Analyze the properties of the potential biomass in the selected site and design the gasification system
4. Prepare and install the pilot biomass gasification plant and the pumping system
5. Test and analyze the whole system
6. Propose on the concept for promoting the system and prepare all related document.
7. Organize the seminar on the results of the study
Details of each major activities are as following.
Executive summary
Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 4
. Survey and collect information about irrigation system, pumping system, and biomass
gasification technology.
1.1 Survey and collect information about irrigation system
From the information survey, it is found that the irrigation systems which are available in
Thailand are mainly in the drought area but located beside the river or dam. There are many sizes of
irrigation system and driven by electric motor in all sites. These irrigation systems draw the water from
the river or dam. The smallest system and fit to this project is “pumping station by electricity” operated by
local authority as shown in Figure 1. It is usually served for a few villages and the pumping capacity is
around 1,000 m3/hr. Over the country, there should be around 2500 systems while about 1500 systems are
in the North Eastern region. Currently, only about 25% of them are still in operation, while the rest of
them are at rest, because the motor and the pump are old and need some maintenance. Some place did not
run the system due to the too high operation cost. However, almost of the irrigation systems are (cement
distribution canal) still in the good condition and possible to run with the proper pumping system.
Figure 1 Example of the living pumping station by electricity
1.2 Comparison of pumping system
The consultant has collected the information about the pumping system in order to review the
benefit and advantage of each system. The results are concluded in Table 1.
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Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 5
Table 1 Comparison of power source for 1,000 m3/hr pumping capacity, at head of 17 m., and operating
for 10 hr/day
No. Detail Electric motor Diesel engine Natural Energy
(if possible)
Biomass gas
engine
Pumping stability Stable Depends on engine
speed
Not possible Depends on gas
supply and engine
performance
Maintenance
Low Medium/regularly - Medium/regularly
4 Operation Easy Need attention - Need high
attention
5 Initial cost 1 Million baht (not
including
distribution canal)
0.8 Million baht
( not including
distribution canal)
- 1.4 Million baht
( not including
distribution canal)
6 Power source kW 1 kW - 1 0 kW
7 Fuel consumption Electricity 110
kW-h /day
diesel 365.65
liter/day*
Wood chip 8
kg/day
8 Fuel cost/unit . baht/kW-h . baht/liter** - 1.0 baht/kg
9 Pumping cost per
day
, 0.00 baht 7,711.56 baht - 800. baht
Note* heating value of diesel equivalent to . kW-h/kg at density . kg/m3 at ºC and engine
thermal efficiency of %
** based on the retail price of PTT diesel on the 19th March 2009.
Executive summary
Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 6
1.3 Biomass gasification technology
Gasification is a process that converts carbonaceous materials, such as coal, petroleum, or
biomass, into carbon monoxide and hydrogen by reacting the raw material at high temperatures with a
controlled amount of oxygen. The resulting gas mixture is called synthesis gas or syngas (sometime called
producer gas, biomass gas, or wood gas). The synthesis gas itself is a fuel. Gasification is a very efficient
method for extracting energy from many different types of organic materials, and also has applications as
a clean waste disposal technique.
This process occurs in the limited oxygen condition; therefore carbon monoxide (CO) is the major
proportion in the producer gases. Other gases such as methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2) also exist. During
the gasification process, there are series of reactions such as combustion, gasification or reduction,
pyrolysis, and drying which are separated in different zone in the gasifier as shown in Figure 2.
Producer Gas
Pyrolysis Zone
Combustion Zone
Gasification Zone
Drying Zone
Material
Unreacted carbon drop down with ash
Air
Figure 2 Gasification process in the downdraft gasifier
Types of Gasifier: the gasifier can be classified into 5 types according to the gasses flow
passages as followings.
1) Updraft Gasifier
2) Downdraft Gasifier
3) Cross draft Gasifier
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Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 7
4) Fluidized bed Gasifier
5) Suspended Gasifier
From the literature and technology survey, it is found that the downdraft gasifier usually gives
quite clean gas and low in tar contamination. Also the firing process and the operation are quite simple
while the produced gas is constant. To use the biomass gas in the engine, other equipments such as dust
cyclone, cooling system, tar scrubber, fine filter, and blower are necessary
1.4 Biomass gas and spark ignition engine
The biomass gas can be used as fuel in the engine. However, to use it 100% in the engine, the
ignition system must be spark ignition (SI) only. The conceptual diagram of applying the biomass gas in
the SI engine is show in Figure 3. The compression ratio of the engine can be set at between 10.5:1 to 17:1
theoretically, while the ignition timing can be 20-25 degree before top dead center.
Figure 3 conceptual diagram of applying the biomass gas in the SI engine
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Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 8
2. Survey and site selection
2.1 After the preliminary survey, the 10 most potential sites were selected and surveyed in
details. The site survey had been carried out and summarized in Table 2
Table 2 Information of 10 potential sites
No. Item
T
oong
koon
Oop
-moo
ng
Nav
ang
Koo
dkas
ean
Nok
ten
Pone
thon
g
Too
ng Y
ai
Sran
gkea
w
Vun
gkan
Tah
lard
Pump Installation raft raft raft raft raft shore shore shore shore shore
Static H (m)
3 Dynamic H (m)
4 Total H (m)
5 No. of main pipe
No. of pump
Watered area(Rai) , , , , , , , , , ,
Water variation level
(m)
Biomass fuel yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
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Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 9
From the survey, the consultant has proposed 2 site as the most appropriate for this project. This
is based on the conditions; the water requirement is about 10,000 m3/day (operate the system for 10
hr/day), enough biomass in the site for 800 kg/day, and appropriate distribution canal. The example of the
criteria for the selection and marks of the most appropriate and selected site is shown in Table 3. The
selected site for this project is the Srangkeaw water pumping station in Piboon Mungsahan district, Ubon
Ratchathani.
Table 3 Criteria and mark of the selected site
Criteria
Mark
percentage
least low Medium-
low
medium high highest
1. installing location Pass/fail
2. water distribution system Pass/fail
. ownership right Pass/fail
. water demand 25
. water resource
. biomass fuel
. technical staff 15
. attitude of the leader
total
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Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
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3. Properties of the potential biomass and design the gasification system
. After the site has been selected, the biomass in the site area has been collected and tested
for their properties. Properties of 5 biomass sample are shown in Table 4. These properties are useful for
the design of the gasifier.
Table 4 Properties of biomass in the selected area
Proximate analysis Eucalyptus Rubber tree Black wattle
Horse
Tamarind Mixed wood
Moisture,% 5.6 6.4 6.4 5 5.9
Ash, % 0.98 2.4 0.65 1.6 1
Volatile Matter,% 78.7 73.3 76.4 76.8 75.4
Fixed Carbon, % 14.7 17.9 16.6 16.6 17.7
Ultimate analysis Eucalyptus Rubber tree Black wattle
Horse
Tamarind Mixed wood
Carbon, % 51.1 49.8 51.5 50.5 51.9
Hydrogen, % 6.6 6.3 7.1 6.5 6.5
Nitrogen, % 0.17 0.17 0.34 0.37 0.24
Sulfur, % 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02
Oxygen, % 41.1 41.3 40.4 41 40.3
Other
characteristics Eucalyptus Rubber tree Black wattle
Horse
Tamarind Mixed wood
Gross Calorific
Value, cal/g 4,363 4,198 4,443 4,334 4,459
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Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 11
3.2 The gasifier for producing biomass gas for the engine has been designed and built. It is
custom designed to fit with the conditions of the selected site and also with the pumping capacity of 1,000
m3/hr.
The design parameters can be summarized as following.
1. The suction pipe of the pump is 350.00 mm diameter
2. Rotating speed of the pump is 1,500 rpm
3. The discharge pipe of the pump is 350.00 mm diameter
4. Engine power is 120 HP (horse power) or 90 kW
At The engine power of 90 kW, with thermal efficiency of the engine 28%, the thermal power
supply from the gasifier is 320 kW, therefore this becomes the conditions for the gasifier design.
Principle and design concept
The Inbert type gasifer which is based on the Swedish design is used. The gasifier is a Double
Throat Downdraft Gasifier
Major parameters calculation
Type: Imbert Type (with heart constriction ring)
Design Condition: Heating value of biomass gases 4,800.00 kJ/m3
Thermal power output 0.00 kWth
Safety factor (Oversize) . kWth
Maximum thermal power output . kWth
Biomass consumption
Thermal power output 0 kWth
Thermal efficiency of the biomass gasification 70 percent
i.e. biomass consumption ( at Full load) . kWth
Heating value of corn cob (at moisture content %) 11,000.00 kJ/kg
or 1 kg/h
Biomass gases flow rate 240 m3/h
Executive summary
Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 12
Figure 4 Dimension of combustion and gasification zone
Gasifer dimension
The most important dimensions of the gasifer which is the combustion and gasification zone shown in
Figure 4. Figure 5 shows the overview, structure, and components of the biomass gasifier.
190 mm
410 mm
16 mm/7 nozzle
135mm
153 mm
370 mm
315.5m
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Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 13
Figure 5 Overview and structure of biomass gasifier
biomass feeding hopper
Holding
structure
Biomass stock tank
Combustion and gasification zone
Cyclone (dust separator)
Blower
Tested burner
Output gases Control box
Ash draining port
Gas cooling unit
Executive summary
Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 14
4. Prepare and install the pilot biomass gasification plant and the pumping system
. pilot biomass gasification plant
After the designed gasifier had been approved by the DEDE, the gasifier has been built
and preliminary test at the workshop as shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6 Pilot gasifier unit ready for the test
. Pumping system including biomass gas engine
Figure 7 describes the biomass gas engine and suction pimpe of the pump. The pump
used in this project is the mixed flow pump which installs on the shore beside the river. The engine was
modified from the original diesel engine to be biomass gas engine. The detail of the modification is listed
in Table 5.
Figure 7 Biomass gas engine and suction pipe of the pump
Executive summary
Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 15
Table 5 List of engine modification
No. Item Detail Reason
Compression
ratio
Compression ration was reduced from
18:1 to be 11:1 by using shim plate to
increase the cylinder head volume.
- Original compression ration was
18:1 and suitable for diesel fuel. For
biomass gas and SI engine, it should
be around 11:1 to avoid knocking.
Ignition system The spark plug was installed by
replacing the injector. The sensor to
detect the crank angle was installed
and works with the ECU. The ignition
timing can be set at 20-25 degree
before top dead center.
- The SI engine principle must be
used for the biomass gas fuel.
Air-fuel mixer The air-fuel mixer (similar to
carburetor in typical gas engine) has
been installed. This air-fuel mixer set
can operate with biomass gas and also
LPG.
- The original was only an air intake
port.
Engine cooling
system
- change from blow through to be
draw through fan and add one more
radiator.
- For stationary engine, it needs
higher the cooling capacity, the draw
through fan is more suitable.
. Installation of pilot plant at the selected site
After all the facilities have been preliminary tests, they were transferred to the selected
site and install in the plant. The plant was designed and built to fit with all equipment as shown in Figure
8.
Executive summary
Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 16
Figure 8 The gasifier installation in the pilot plant.
5. Test and Analysis of the Gasifier System
. System Testing
After obtaining good performance of the system for the first few hours-test run, the testing time of
totally 130 hours was conducted and divided into 2 testing periods. The 1st period was a 30 hours
preliminary test of the system prior to a data collection test. The 1st period of the test showed that the
system can be operated continually, only minor improvements were needed. The 2nd period was a 100
hours operation testing, as shown in figure , for collecting all data necessitated to the performance
analysis. Results obtained from the 2nd period testing were illustrated in Table 6 and 7.
Temperature measurement results of various points in the system are shown in Table 6. Table 7
shows the properties of producer gas obtained from the current gasifier system.
Figure The 2nd period testing of the system
Executive summary
Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 17
Table Temperature measurement results of various points in the system
Location of Measurement Temperature (°C)
1 Combustion Zone 1,150 – 1,400
2 Outlet of Gasifier 350 – 430
3 Outlet of Gas cooler 45 – 50
4 Inlet of the modified gas engine 40 – 50
5 Ambient temperature 30 – 42
Table Properties of producer gas obtained from the current woodchips-gasifier system.
No. Gas compositions % of volumetric concentration
(% v/v)
1 H2 7.2362
2 CH4 5.6448
3 CO 19.5324
4 O2 7.9742
5 CO2 9.0043
6 N2 50.6081
Total 100
Relationships of Biomass Fuel Consumption and Pumping Capacity
From the test, it is shown that the average flow rate of pumping water obtained from the system
is 1,000.72 m3/hr at an average engine speed of 1,500.18 rpm. At this pumping capacity, the system
consumes 82.2 kg/hr of woodchip with its overall efficiency of 13.83 %.
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Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 18
. System Analysis
After the test was completed, all acquired data had been analysed. The system’s
performance analysis and the economics analysis were performed. The analysis results were as shown in
the following section.
Calculated Efficiency of various parts
Gasifier’s Thermal Effieciency . %
Gas Engine and Pump’s Efficiency . %
Overall System’s Efficiency . %
From the calculation of the measurement results, efficiency of the system can be illustrated as
shown in Figure .
Figure Combined efficiency of gasifier and water pumping system
70.49%
Gasifier
19.62%
Water pumping system
Overall efficiency = 13.83 %
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Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 19
5.3 Economics Analysis
This economic analysis is based on the system operation of 10 hours/day. The lifetime of 10 years
is reasonably assumed. The calculated energy costs for the systems operation (bath per cubic meters of
pumping water) of the current system compare to other systems are shown in Figure 1 .
0.3
1.11
0 00.083
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Ene
rgy
Cos
t (ba
th/m
3 )
Electrical pumping system
Deisel engine-pumping system
Wind energy-pumping system
Solar energy-pumping system
Gasifier-pumping system
Figure Energy operated cost of various water pumping systems
From figure 10, it is obvious that the highest energy cost of 1.11 bath/m3 is from the pumping
system using diesel engine. While using the electrical pumping system, the energy cost is about 0.3
bath/m3. The current system provides the energy cost of 0.083 bath/m3. There are no energy cost for the
systems using solar and wind energy. However, if the investment cost and energy operated cost are
combined for a 10 yrs lifetime as shown in Figure 1 , the system using solar energy produced the highest
cost. Whereas, the system with biomass gasification system produced the lowest cost of 0.31 bath/m3.
0.55
1.27
0.65
2.65
0.31
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
Ener
gy c
ost (
bath
/m3 )
Electrical pumping system
Diesel engine-pumping system
Wind energy-pumping system
Solar energy-pumping system
Gasifier-pumping system
Figure Investment cost combined with energy operated cost of various water pumping
systems
Executive summary
Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 20
5.4 Environmental Impacts
From the test at the installation plant, it was also found that there was small pollution from the
system. The environmental impacts and their sources and proposed solutions are concluded in Table 8.
.
Table Environmental impacts’ evaluation and their solutions
Item Pollution Sources Impacts Solutions
1 Exhaust
gas
From engine exhaust duct and
from suction blower.
Emission of CO and
CO2.
Tree planting around
the installation plant.
2 Tar From filtering system Polluted water from
filtering system.
Waste water treatment
3 Dust From solid biomass preparation Low amount of dust from
cutting and chopping
woods or other solid fuel.
Regular Cleaning
4 Noise From modified gas engine Low impact with less
than 90dB. The noise
source is at a far distance
from households.
No need
5 Heat From the gasifier stove’s wall
and from the tested burner.
Low impact. -
6 Forest
destruction
From wood cutting. Low impact since small
pieces of wood or
woodchip can be used as
fuel.
Plating fast growing
forest to use as fuel
instead of using woods
from natural forest.
From Table 8, it can be seen that this system produces very low environmental impact. Since this
small gasifier-pumping system causes low pollution.
5.5 Problems and Obstacles
Throughout the project, there are some problems and obstacles that can be classified into 2 types;
technical problems and general problems.
Executive summary
Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 21
5.5.1 Technical Problems
Since this gasifier-pumping system is a prototype system, its design and construction was all
original. Thus, there were some technical problems when this prototype system was truly operated.
Moreover, there were some technical problems caused by physical limitations of the installation site.
These physical limitations affect the system’s performance and its operational characteristics. The
following topics are such technical problems and their suggested solutions.
1. Time limitation:
The duration time of the project was too short. Generally, research and development of
prototype machinery requires al least 3 years to develop and identify problems and disadvantages in
the long run of the system. So that the system can be improved, and subsequently, can be really
applied for use with no defects.
2. Physical limitation:
There is a physical problem of the plant’s location. The gasifier stove could not be constructed at a
closed distance to the gas engine. Therefore, the actual pressure drop across the system is higher than
it was designed. Moreover, there are damage and corrosion of the existing irrigation piping system.
The corrosion causes the higher friction pressure loss in the piping system than that obtained from
calculation. Since, in the calculation, all piping system and its equipment were assumed to be in good
condition.
5.5.2 General Problems
1. Lack of motivation of expenditure due to the fact that biomass fuel (woodchips) cost of the
gasifier pumping system is currently increased. While only 50 percent of total electricity costs (3
bath/kWh) were charged to the local farmers as subsidization when using the electrical pumping
system.
. The system is complicated and is unfamiliar for the operation of local staff.
The investment cost of the current gasifier-pumping system is relatively high for local farmers. If
such the system is to be widely promoted, the smaller size, and thus, the lower cost of the system
would be more attractive.
3. There are some management problems of the local government agency whom the electrical
pumping station’s responsibility was recently transferred from Ministry of Agriculture and
Executive summary
Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 22
Cooperatives. To maximize the farmers’ benefit, it is suggested that the management of pumping
station need to be restructured.
6. Strategic plan to promote the use of biomass gasifier-pumping system.
. To promote the use of biomass gasifier-pumping system, a 10 years strategic plan was
proposed. This strategy was set under the Energy Strategy On Renewable Energy item 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5
issued by the Bureau of Policy and Strategy, Office of Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Energy
(announced on 30 DEC 2008).
The 10 years strategic plan is divided into 2 phases. The first 5 year of the plan focuses on
supporting research and development of the technology and also enhancing strong expertise research
networks. Moreover, in the first phase, public’s education of the technology is to be promoted. The second
phase focuses on promotion of the system’s production in commercial scale and widely distribution the
use of such system.
. Operation and maintenance manual
All important information of the system including the equipment and instrument’s detail,
operation method, problems and solutions, and precautions were published in an “Operation and
maintenance manual for a gasifier pumping system” as shown in Figure1 . In this manual, the detailed
drawing of the system is also attached.
Figure 3 Operation and maintenance manual for the gasifier-pumping system.
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7. Seminar
The seminar was conducted on July 9, 2010. The seminar was held at Kang Sapeau-River Side
Hotel, Piboolmangsaharn District, Ubon Ratchathani. There were 139 participants in the seminar
including 48 participants from the local government agency, 35 participants from general public, 42
participants from others government agencies and 14 participants from the Department of Alternative
Energy Development and Energy Conservation and Ubon Ratchathani University. The objectives of the
seminar were to disseminate results of the study and also to promote the use of biomass gasification
technology.
The seminar was divided into the 2 sessions. In the morning session, a basic lecture on biomass
gasification, a gasifier’s exhibition and the design information of the prototype system were provided as
shown in Figure14 and Figure15. In the afternoon session, there was an observation & demonstration trip
to the installation site (Figure 16), the place where the prototype system is installed.
Figure 4 The gasifier exhibition
Figure 5 Lecture session of the seminar
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Study and development of biomass gasification unit for agricultural pumping system
Ubon Ratchathani University 24
Figure 6 A trip to observe the prototype gasifier-pumping system