International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development
Kathmandu, Nepal
Experiences from
REDD+ Himalaya 9 Nov 2017
India Pavilion, COP 23
Bhaskar Singh Karky (PhD) Resource Economist Regional REDD+ Initiative Coordinator
Potential m tCO2 per year
ARR = afforestation, reforestation, revegetation; Rangeland = rangeland management; ALM = agricultural land management; IFM = improved forest management; AUD = avoided unplanned deforestation; AFD = avoided forest degradation
Potential m tCO2 per ha per year
ARR = afforestation, reforestation, revegetation; Rangeland = rangeland management; ALM = agricultural land management; IFM = improved forest management; AUD = avoided unplanned deforestation; AFD = avoided forest degradation
Uniqueness of *HKH region
• Heavy dependency on fuelwood (>70%)
• Important habitat for species of global
significance
• Spatially scattered forest (high
transaction cost)
• Low carbon value relative to tropical
forest
• Watershed protection
–
Is there Economic Rationale
behind REDD+?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
CMF CMF w/ grazing landCMF w/ mixed agricultureCMF w/ built environment
NPV (millions, NRS)
Farmers' preference (%)
Eco o ic ratio ale a d far ers’ prefere ce
Source: Karky, et al 2013
Vision for REDD Initiative under
ICIMOD’s Trans-boundary Landscape
Outcome: Improved cooperation among Regional Member
Countries (RMCs) for sustainable and inclusive ecosystem
management in identified landscapes for enhanced and
equitable livelihood benefits contributing to global
conservation agendas
Vision for REDD: Regional cooperation for reduced GHG
emissions from landscapes through the implementation of
REDD+ based on common methodologies and safeguards.
REDD+ Himalaya overarching goals at
regional level
• To improve the conditions for implementing
REDD measures to mitigate climate change that
are socially and environmentally sound in four
Himalayan countries.
• Building a regional REDD learning platform to
foster south-south learning.
Implementing partners for
REDD+ Initiative
• Bhutan: Department of Forests and Park Services/
Ministry of Agriculture and Forests
• India: Indian Council of Forestry Research and
Education/Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate
Change
• Myanmar: Forest Department/Ministry of Environmental
Conservation and Forestry
• Nepal: REDD Implementation Centre/Ministry of forests
and Soil Conservation
Summary of Progress
• Partner in India (ICFRE) and Nepal (RIC/MoFSC) have drafted National REDD Strategy.
• Full ownership of the REDD+ programme and activities by the four Regional Member Countries
– all data, knowledge, infrastructure developed and supported by this programme are integrated
into the national REDD readiness phase
• REDD+ safeguard frameworks being developed through collaboration with
partners
– Biodiversity Monitoring Protocol
– Gender Mainstreaming in REDD+
– Prepared Submission to UNFCCC on Safeguard from the HKH region; Progress made on MRV in
the region
– Developed methodology for assessment of governance quality for CBFM for REDD+ (Bhutan,
India, Nepal and Myanmar)
• Good collaboration with UN-REDD programme since 2014
• Developing State REDD Action Plan
Nepal • Project implementation is fully operational.
• Institutional Structures as per the operational plans are in place – REDD Desk established and operational
– District REDD Working Groups established and functional under District Forest Office.
• REDD frameworks being developed: – Community Based Monitoring Measuring and Reporting guideline;
– Biodiversity Monitoring Protocol to be endorsed by Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation and RIC.
• Developed Local REDD Action Plan (LRAP) for Chitwan district. – Methodology replicated for ERPD preparation in TAL (12 districts); request from Mizoram and Uttarkhand for
developing State REDD Action Plan.
• Submitted Forest Reference Level for Nepal to UNFCCC. First in HKH and serves as a
model.
• Cooperative implementing REDD activities through their business plan (agroforestry
models).
• Estimated the cost of avoiding deforestation & degradation (being replicated for Mizoram in
2017 and to Myanmar in 2018).
• Red Panda Habitat restoration work in Kanchenjunga Landscape implemented
Bhutan • Concluded National Forest Inventory, including the measurement, and verification
of overall national carbon stock. – The Royal Government of Bhutan has been able to leverage this work with the investment from
REDD Initiative as well as from other donors in a coordinated manner.
• ICIMOD has supported in building information infrastructure which is one of the
major components under the R-PP of overall REDD programme of Bhutan.
• Supported Social Forestry and Extension Division in designing a community
based forest carbon monitoring system
• South-South learning: Have been using this platform for sharing emerging
practices and gaining knowledge on relevant topics.
India • India: ICFRE Dehradun, its Advance Centre for Research in Bamboos and
Rattan (ARCBR) Aizawl in collaboration with State Department of Forest
Mizoram
– A demonstration site has been selected with State Department of Forest in
Mizoram for demonstrating REDD interventions with local communities.
– Allometric equations for bamboos being developed
• ICFRE has contributed to the draft of National REDD+ Strategy with the Ministry
of Environment, Forest and Climate Change2016 plan and budget revised
• Economic analysis of REDD being analyzed in Mizoram
• Planning on developing State REDD Action Plan for Uttarkhand and Mizoram.
Myanmar
• Scoping studies on REDD initiated
• Demonstration sites selected (Taungyi District)
• Strengthening Community Based Forestry Management
(CBFM)
• Value Chain Analysis Initiated
• Forest cover change analysis initiated
South-South learning platform
• South-South learning regional workshop – Melanesian delegates in Nepal to learn community and scientific forest management
– HKH and Asia Pacific sharing progress on FRL - April 2017
– MRV Trainings - 2016/2017/2018
– Safeguards for HKH - July 2016 and Nov 2015
• REDD+ Himalaya joint regional Review and Planning Meeting
conducted in Oct 2017
• Developed methodology for assessment of governance quality for
CBFM for REDD+ (Bhutan, India, Nepal and Myanmar)
• Supporting countries to participate in the UNFCCC processes and
share requirements.
Challenges
• REDD+ commitments from GNU but more favourable towards the
tropical regions, and mountain forests of HKH get less attention.
• Limited capacity on REDD+ understanding at the sub-national
level.
– ICIMOD is developing tailor-made capacity development packages for the
countries with a focus on sub-national level (e.g. LRAP).
• Within the HKH, RMCs follow different approaches on REDD – South-South learning platform contributes to a regional perspective and
approaches.
• UNFCCC, WB/FCPF, Bilateral donors, GCF have differing requirements.
Way forward • From Readiness to Demonstration Phase
• Assist countries to develop plans to access result-based payment
• Building common interpretation with safeguards
• Work to increase co-benefits and dovetail with SDG 2030 and CBD
The 3 phases of REDD require long
term support
Readiness Implementation Results
National Strategy or Action Plan (I, N)
National forest monitoring system
(B)
Safeguard Information
System (B,I,M,N)
Forest Reference Emission Level(s)
(N)
Operational investments
Finance
Capacity
tCO2e (UNFCCC)
Possible payments
Outlook for REDD+ finance
• Source: Donna Lee; Pokhara 11 April 2017
ICAO (7.8 billion tons to
2040)
?
GCF ($500M)
Bilateral Funding
(~$1 B/year)
FCPF ($755M)
BioCF ($300M)
Voluntary carbon market
Others (California,
Japan, Art 6, etc.)
?
Publications/knowledge products www.icimod.org/reddplus
Karki, S., Pforte, B., Karky, B.S., Statz, J., Dangi, R.B., Khanal, D.R. Chand, N.B., Poudel, M., Maraseni, T., Cadman, T., Lopez, F., Delma, S., Wangchuk, S., Norbu, L., Naing Oo, T., Rawat, V. R. S., Singh, T. P., Sharma, J. V., and Windhorst, K. (2017) The development of REDD+ safeguards in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: Recent experiences and processes. ICIMOD Working Paper 2017/13. Kathmandu:
ICIMOD Rai, R.K, Nepal, M., Karky, B.S, Somanathan, S., Timalsina, N., Khadayat, M.S and Bhattarai, N. (2017). Costs and Benefits of Reducing Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Nepal. ICIMOD Working Paper 2017/5. Bhattarai, N., Joshi, L., Karky, B.S., Windhorst, K., Ning, W. (2016) Potential synergies for agroforestry and REDD+ in the Hindu Kush Himalaya.ICIMOD Working Paper 2016/11. Kathmandu: ICIMOD Aryal, K; Karky, BS; Joshi, SR; Shrestha, AJ (2016) Building timber value chains for REDD+ in Nepal. ICIMOD Working Paper 2016/9 Kathmandu, ICIMOD Karki, S; Joshi, NR; Udas, E; Adhikari, MD; Sherpa, S; Kotru, R; Karky, BS; Chettri, N; Ning, W (2016) Assessment of forest carbon stock and carbon sequestration rates at the ICIMOD knowledge park in Godavari, Nepal. ICIMOD Working Paper 2016/6. Kathmandu: ICIMOD Junttila, V.; Gautam, B.; Karky, B.; Maguya, A.; Tegel, K.; Kauranne, T.; Gunia, K.; Hamalainen, J.; Latva-Kayra, P.; Nikolaeva, E.; Peuhkurinen, J. (2015) Robustness of Model-Based High-Resolution Prediction of Forest Biomass against Different Field Plot Designs. Carbon Balance Management (2015) 10:29 Gilani, H; Murthy, M. S. R.; Bajracharya, B.; Karky, B. S.; Koju, U. A.; Joshi, G.; Karki, S.; Sohail, M. Assessment of change in forest cover and biomass using geospatial techniques to support REDD+ activities in Nepal (2015) Bishnu Prasad Sharma, Subhrendu Pattanayak, Mani Nepal, Priya Shyamsundar, and Bhaskar S. Karky (2015) REDD+ Impacts: Evidence from Nepal. SANDEE Working Papers, ISSN 1893-1891; WP 95–15. Bishnu Prasad Sharma, Priya Shyamsundar, Mani Nepal, Subhrendu Pattanayak and Bhaskar S. Karky (2015) Are Community Forestry Institutions Appropriate for Implementing REDD+? Lessons from Nepal. SANDEE Working Papers, ISSN 1893-1891; WP 94–15. MSR Murthy, R Kotru, B Karky, H Gilani, and K Uddin (2015) Multi-Scale Forest Biomass Assessment of the Hindu Kush Himalayan Region: Scope and Challenges of Geospatial Applications in: Murthy, MSR; Wesselman, S; Gilani, H (eds.) (2015) Multi-scale forest biomass assessment and monitoring in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region: A geospatial
perspective. Kathmandu: ICIMOD
Thank you