COP12 Side event on external responsibility on global
biodiversity loss. 15/10/2014, Pyeongchang (Rep.of Korea)
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya2
PURPOSE : Analyze the impact of a set of activities promoted by Catalonia on the biodiversity of other countries, particularly in developing countries.
TITLE: The external responsibility of the Catalan economy and society in terms of global biodiversity loss.
Due to the increasing internationalization of the Catalan economy and the establishment of internal policies that determine and affect, increasingly, territories and natural areas beyond the borders of Catalonia, there is the possibility of including criteria liability outdoor future actions of the Government of Catalonia.
The 2020 Biodiversity Strategy of the European Union raises just increase the responsibility of the Member States in nature conservation and biodiversity on a global scale, to address ecosystem degradation and halt the loss of biodiversity.
Coordination: D.Llistar. ([email protected])Collaborators: A.Jurado, M.Vargas, A.Pérez, M.Ortega, D.Ortega, A.Schimpf, R.Sànchez, E.Peritz, E.Galán, P.Ariza, M.Conde, R.Binimelis, B.Mínguez. .
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya3
Focus area 1- The social metabolism
1.- By economic sectors:
Given the weight of each sector / sub-sector activity in the Catalan economy, considering the identification of activities and impacts on biodiversity, there has been an initial focus on prioritizing activities in the analysis
Oil imports (in market value) Cereal net imports (in market value)
Source: UNCTAD, 2002
Catalan footprint
Production / supply of food and the consumption of non-renewable resources (oil, gas, mining) activities cause the greatest impact on biodiversity loss and the degradation of ecosystem services beyond the borders of the Catalan territory. Catalan metabolism, similarly to other developed countries, employs more environmental space provisions. The current energy and agrofood systems are the two main environmental-grabbers outside Catalan borders.
The last estimate of the Catalan ecological footprint (Mayor, Belmonte and Quintana, 2006) obtained the value of 8.4 times the area of Catalonia.
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya4
Focus area 2: Biodiversity hotspots
2.- Spacial impact factor: Hotspots (hight biodiversity concentration, endemic species and habitat loss)
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya5
Source: ODG, 2009
Focus area 3:
The “Impactology”
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya6
Imports of oil and gas impacts in areas of high biodiversity
Delta Niger, 2004 George Osodi www.artnotoil.org.uk
- 92.4% of the primary energy consumed in Catalonia is produced from non-renewable natural resources (consumption in 2009, according ICAEN 2012).
- Catalan energy imports at exploration, construction and operation stages in critical areas affect biodiversity hotspot in North Africa, Central Africa and the Middle East.
Refinería, Nigeria 2004 www.artnotoil.org.uk
IMPACT: Deforestation, loss and fragmentation of habitat, degradation and erosion and contamination of soil and water.
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya7
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya8
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya9
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya10
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya11
Impacts of biofuel Catalan imports . Palm oil case.
Foto: Plantació d’oli de palma (Malàisia). Gonzalo Rodríguez
Catalonia does not have the necessary land to meet the objectives it has set for biofuels
Social and environmental impacts of the production of energy crops imported from Catalonia
IMPACT: deforestation to convert the surface to forest plantations, loss and soil erosion, eutrophication and over-exploitation of water resources, increasing emissions of greenhouse gases, and the impoverishment of diversity by agricultural expansion of monocultures and GMOs.
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya12
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya13
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya14
Impacts of Catalan imports of minerals.Case of copper
- Imports of mineral Catalonia increased by 71% between 1990 and 2004.- IMPACT: direct destruction of Glera rivers and floodplains, groundwater and surface water pollution, bioaccumulation of contaminants, loss of endemic species and genetic variation; problems in indigenous communities.
Photo: Mine at Barrick Pascua Lama occupies the totality of the Biosphere Reserve of St. Guillermos
Photo: Pollution of rivers Cajamarca, Peru
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya15
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya16
Impacts of Catalan imports of agricultural products- Coffee
The rapid spread of coffee cultivation practices, intensive agrochemical use and eliminating other species of plants, especially epiphytes (plants rooted in soil but other species are used as support), which has reduced biodiversity
Picture: Coffee Processing, Ecuador. Source: Peter Mettler, for the documentary "Landscapes Transformados
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya17
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya18
Impacts of Catalan imports of flowers
Colombia stands out in both cases as the main supplier, followed by KenyaIt is estimated that the amount of water used by the roses sector in Colombia is equivalent to a city of 600,000 inhabitants. One hectar of rose and one of carnation produce between 40 and 150kg of waste per month, mainly impregnated with pesticides.
Photo: Irrigation of roses, Colombia
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya19
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya20
Overexploitation of forest resourcesUntransformed forest landscapes
Intact forest landscapes Intact forest landscapes • 35 % a Amèrica Llatina. • 28 % a Amèrica del Nord.
• 19 % en el nord d'Àsia. • 7 % en el sud d'Àsia i el Pacífic
• 8 % a l'Àfrica. • Menys de 3 % a Europa.
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya21
Impact of Catalan fishery imports
For example, fisheries agreements between the EU and third countries produce environmental and social impacts in areas with few regulations for (introduction of exotic species, overfishing and local extinction of species, alteration of coastal ecosystems, species affected and culturally important ecosystems and loss of food sovereignty). They include imports of shrimp (shrimp), tuna, salmon and Nile perch as specific examples of Catalan consumption and significant impacts on biodiversity.
35% of the area of mangroves has been lost or become afraid shrimp industry
Photo: shrimp Chone River estuary, Ecuadorr
The introduction of the Nile perch in Lake Victoria fishery has changed dramatically and the extinction of hundreds of species collected cíclids.Dades late 90s indicate that two-thirds of the more than 300 species of cichlid from Lake may have could become extinct or on the verge of doing so.
Photo: Nile Perch: Lake Victoria, Uganda
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya22
International trade of endangered species, Catalonia 2006-07
24.218.242 tn
8.969.182 tn
Biodiversity hotspots mapp:
Source: Conservation International
584 body parts hippos (14 hunting trophies)
• 17,528 copies of various species of corals from Indonesia.
• 379 kg of caviar of sturgeon species endangered Caspian Sea.
• 594 trophies, skin and nails of lions, leopards, panthers, pumas, etc..
• 3003 living specimens of iguanas and lizards.
• 2175 living specimens of chameleons.
• 521 copies of live pythons.
• 4 brown bears.
• 3 African elephants.CITES, 24% of mammals, 12% of bird species and 32% of amphibian species are currently threatened with extinction.
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya23
IMPACT of Catalan imports of Endangered Species
Hippopotamus amphibius
Any:2006-07
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya24
Iguanas, lizards Chameleons Phyton
Any:2006-07
2175 exemplars2175 exemplarsGhana, Madagascar, Tanzania, Ghana, Madagascar, Tanzania, CamerunCamerun
EXTRETS DE LA EXTRETS DE LA NATURANATURA
3003 exemplars3003 exemplarsMadagascar, Tanzania, Madagascar, Tanzania, Argentina, Ghana, Camerum, Argentina, Ghana, Camerum, Guyana, Indonesia, Chad,Guyana, Indonesia, Chad,
EXTRETS DE LA EXTRETS DE LA NATURANATURA
521 exemplars521 exemplarsTanzania, Indonesia, Malasia, Tanzania, Indonesia, Malasia, GhanaGhana
EXTRETS DE LA EXTRETS DE LA NATURANATURA
IMPACT of Catalan imports of Endangered Species
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya25
Acropora abrolhosensis, Pectinia lactuca, Galaxea astreata, Acropora echinata Acropora horrida Acropora jacquelineae
Acropora kimbeensis Euphyllia ancora Physogyra lichtensteiniTurbinaria mesenterina Turbinaria peltata
Extract from NATURE : 17.528 living specimens
20% of world coral20% of world coralhas diedhas died
Indonesia
IMPACT of CAT imports of Endangered Species
Any:2006-07
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya26
Comerç d'espècies EN PERILL D'EXTINCIÓ
Font: elaboració pròpia ODG, 2009
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya27
Impacts of bioprospecting
Prunus africana
Anys: 2006-07
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya28
Imports of wild species 2004-2009
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090
100.000
200.000
300.000
400.000
500.000
600.000
700.000
800.000
900.000
Animals salvatges importats a l'Estat espanyol
Font: CITES-Espanya (2012)
Pells i flancs sencers Pells en trossos
Animals vius Plantes vives
Corals (distints dels vius) Manufactures diverses
Fusta serrada, en trossos, xapes o escorça
Altres productes
Total, finalitats comercials Trofeus de caça
Altres finalitatsUni
tats
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya29
III. Impacts of the Catalan FOREIGN INVESTMENT
0.00
1000.00
2000.00
3000.00
4000.00
5000.00
6000.00
7000.00
8000.00
Inversió bruta catalana a l'estrangerFont: Elaboració pròpia a partir d'IDESCAT, 2012.
Amèrica Llatina i Carib
Àsia i Oceania
Àfrica
Paradisos fiscals
Total
Mili
on
s d
'€
Inversió catalana a l'estranger 2011Font: Elaboració pròpia a partir IDESCAT, 2012.
Indústries manufac-tureres
Construcció
Comerç a l'engròs i al detall
Transport i em-magatzematge
Activitats financeres i d'assegurances
Activitats immobiliàries
Altres branques <2%
Impacts on biodiversity identified by external companies with significant presence capital and Catalan) - Financial and banking ii). - Energy and Water iii). - Raw iv). - Construction and hospitality, v). - chemical and pharmaceutical companies.
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya30
Impacts of Catalan factor in biodiversity loss in areas of high linguistic and cultural density (eg. Papua New Guinea, the Amazon Region, Colombian Guajira, etc.).Clear relationship between loss of biodiversity and destruction of cultural and linguistic diversity.
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya31
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya32
Biodiv. Global responsibility 2.0. Mapping
Responsabilitat ambiental exterior de Catalunya34
www.odg.cat Contacte: [email protected]
Gràcies, thank you.