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Farming Systems Approach in
Agricultural Research
Dr.T.BalaguruHe ad -ARSMP Divis io nN at i o n al A c a d e m y o f
Agr i c u l tu r a l Resea rc h Managem en tRajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 407
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Non-Adoption of AgriculturalTechnologies
Lack of Aw areness (Illiteracy / Ignorance of Farmers)Ineffective Extension ServicesDifference in On-Station & On-Farm ConditionsHostile Environm entLack of ResourcesNon-Availability of Inputs in Time
Inappropriate Technologies
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Rainbow of AgriculturalRevolutions
Green RevolutionW hite RevolutionBlue Revolution
Yellow Revolution
Golden RevolutionGene Revolution Agri-Export Revolution
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Emergence of FSA
Agricultural Revolution Strategy* Reductionistic, Disciplinary Approach
Disadvantaged Farmers:* Small, Resource-Poor* Harsh Environment
R & D w ith a Farming SystemsPerspective
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Agricultural R & D ApproachesI. Conventional Approach
* Technology Farmer Increased Production* Green, White, Blue, Yellow Revolutions !* Total Production Increased* RRF Benefited and RPF Bypassed* TOT Approach
II. Innovative Approach* Farmer Technology Farmer Increased Prodn.* Increased Production & Providing Social Justice
* RPF and RRF Will Benefit* FS Approach
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M ultiplicity of Terminologies
Farming Systems Research (FSR)Farming Systems Research & Extension(FSR / E)Farming Systems Development (FSD)On-Farm Research (OFR)Farmer P articipatory R esearch (FPR)On-Farm Client Oriented Research (OFCOR)
Production Systems Approach (PSA)Integrated Farming Systems Approach(IFSA)
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Concept of Farming Systems Approach
Farming System : Components & InteractionProduction Crop, Livestock, AgroforestryFactors Land, Labour, Capital, Energy
Holistic View of Farming System
Interpretations:Shaner et al (I98 2)
- Interdependencies Betw een Components- Interaction of Components with Biophysical and
Socioeconomic Factors
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Farming System
FarmHousehold
Infrastructure
Agro-climate
Land
Agric. Crops
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Farming System Model
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Core Characters of FSA Problem Solving ApproachHolistic Approach
Acknow ledges Location Specificity
Defines Specific Client GroupsFarmer P articipatory ApproachRecognizes ITK System
Bot tom Up Stra tegyInterdisciplinary ApproachEmphasizes On-Farm Activities
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Core Characters of FSA (Contd.)
Considers Gender I ssuesI terative and Dynam ic ApproachRecognizes I nterdependencies Am ongM ultiple ClientsFocuses on Actual AdoptionStresses Sustainability ConsiderationsComplements On-Station R & D
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FSA PR OCESS
Target and R & D Area Selection
Problem Identification andDevelopment of a R & D Base
Planning On-Farm R & D
On-Farm R & D and Analysis
Extension of Results
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I ssues For ConsiderationIntegration of FSA StrategyComplementary, but not a Substitute
Manpow er DevelopmentOrganized Manpow er Planning
Orientation of R & D PersonnelSkill Development: Training & Field ExperienceInterdisciplinary Teamw ork Training & Policy Level Changes
Farmer P articipationEstablishing Mechanism & Strengthening
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I ssues for Consideration
Strengthening On-Farm ActivitiesOrientation & Providing Guidelines
Research Extension Farmer LinkagesEstablishment & Role Clarification
Gender AnalysisEvolving Systematic Framew ork Curriculum M odification
Reorientation to Expose on FSR
Policy I ssuesSensitization & Policy Level Support
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Sustainability of Farming Systems:Issues
Increase in P roductivity & ProfitabilityComplementarity betw een ComponentsPreservation of Agricultural Resource Base:* Soil : Erosion, Acidity, Salinity, Alkalinity* Water: Scarcity, Drainage, Pollution
* Flora & Fauna* Integrated ApproachUse of Inputs:* Internal - Maximization* External - Minimization
Utilizat ion of ITK Consideration of Gender I ssuesCompatibility w ith:* Agro-Climatic Conditions
* Socio-economic and Cultural Factors
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Conclusions
Necessity Well EstablishedIntegration Rather ThanIsolation RequiredOrientation of People NeededGuidelines Solicited
Paradigm Shift to beAppreciated
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