1ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
PIE
RR
ET
Jea
n-C
hris
toph
e
2ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
Conte
xt
–w
hy/how
measu
ring s
lag c
hem
istr
y ?
�W
hy :
Im
pact
of
slag c
hem
istr
y:
�Repart
itio
n r
ati
o o
f Cr,
P…
O u
sage –
addit
ion y
ield
�D
esu
lphuri
zati
on o
f st
eel
at
ladle
furn
ace d
epends
on t
em
pera
ture
,
am
ount
of
oxygen a
nd s
ulp
hur
in t
he s
teel,
but
main
ly o
n c
hem
ical
com
posi
tion a
nd p
hysi
cal pro
pert
ies
of
slag.
�The s
teel cle
anliness
is
dir
ectl
y a
ffecte
d b
y t
he %
CaO
/%Al 2
O3
rati
o,
slag
basi
cit
y,
fluid
ity,
and o
xygen a
cti
vit
y in t
he s
lag
�Refr
acto
ries
life
tim
e
�Recycla
bilit
y o
f sl
ags
�H
ow
: M
easu
rem
ent
means:
�Sam
pling :
cost
s and long d
ela
y /
poin
t w
ise m
easu
rem
ent
�D
irect
measu
rem
ent
(OES,
LIB
S,…
) :
validit
y,
accura
cy,
hars
h w
ork
ing
condit
ion,
life
tim
e
3ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
Sum
mary
�Term
inate
d R
FCS p
roje
cts
�AVAS (
dir
ect
measu
rem
ent
-O
ES)
�BO
FD
YN
(sa
mpling a
t convert
er)
�IN
QU
ISS (
sam
pling,
dir
ect
measu
rem
ent
-LIB
S)
�O
ther
refe
rences
�O
ES m
easu
rem
ent
at
EAF
�O
ES m
easu
rem
ents
at
convert
er
�LIB
S d
irect
measu
rem
ents
of
slag c
om
posi
tion
�O
n-g
oin
g R
FCS a
cti
vit
ies
�O
SCAN
EAF (
dir
ect
measu
rem
ent
-O
ES)
4ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
AVAS :
Feasi
bilit
y o
f a f
ast
vacuum
sla
g a
naly
sis
by lase
r O
ES in
secondary
ste
elm
akin
g
�W
ork
ing p
eri
od:
01/09/2003 –
31/08/2006
�Conso
rtiu
m :
Dillinger
Hütt
en
(D),
AM
MR (
F),
Fra
unhofe
r(D
), S
aars
tahl
(D)
�O
bje
cti
ves
:
�To p
rove t
he f
easi
bilit
y o
f a f
ast
sla
g a
naly
sis
at
the v
acuum
degass
er
for
bett
er
pro
ducti
on c
ontr
ol
in s
econdary
ste
elm
akin
g w
ith t
he e
mphasi
s on
SiO
2,
CaO
and A
l 2O
3.
�Com
pari
son w
ith X
RF m
easu
rem
ents
(dir
ectl
y o
n c
ast
ed s
lags
and/or
aft
er
pre
para
tion).
�M
ain
resu
lts
:
�In
vest
igati
on o
f th
e f
easi
bilit
y o
f fa
st s
lag a
naly
sis
for
a b
ett
er
contr
ol
duri
ng t
he s
econdary
meta
llurg
y p
rocess
�The p
roje
ct
was
unable
to p
roduce r
eliable
resu
lts
regard
ing t
he f
ast
sla
g
analy
sis
usi
ng lase
r O
ES m
eth
od.
Furt
herm
ore
, th
e o
bta
ined r
esu
lts
in
som
e c
ase
s w
ere
als
o irr
epro
ducib
le.
5ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
BO
FD
YN
: D
ynam
ic e
nd-p
oin
t contr
ol in
BO
F t
hro
ugh a
fast
and
sim
ult
aneous
dete
rmin
ati
on o
f th
e s
teel/
Sla
g c
om
posi
tion
�W
ork
ing p
eri
od:
01/09/2003 –
31/12/2006
�Conso
rtiu
m :
CRM
(B),
Hera
eus-
Ele
ctr
onit
e(B
), A
MM
R (
F),
SIM
R (
F)
�O
bje
cti
ves
:
�To s
hort
en t
he t
ap t
o t
ap t
ime in B
OF p
lants
in o
rder
to incre
ase
the
pro
ducti
vit
y.
�To u
se a
dedic
ate
d lase
r m
eth
odolo
gy f
or
a r
apid
dis
cri
min
ati
ve
dete
rmin
ati
on o
f M
n,
P,
and S
conta
ined in t
he m
elt
phase
s.
�To d
evelo
p a
new
pro
cess
contr
ol
base
d o
n t
he u
se o
f new
in-b
low
sam
ple
rs d
eliveri
ng h
ete
rogeneous
sam
ple
s com
pose
d o
f st
eel
and s
lag.
�Could
be e
xte
nded t
o A
OD
.
6ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
BO
FD
YN
: D
ynam
ic e
nd-p
oin
t contr
ol in
BO
F t
hro
ugh a
fast
and
sim
ult
aneous
dete
rmin
ati
on o
f th
e s
teel/
Sla
g c
om
posi
tion
�N
ew
sam
pling d
evelo
pm
ent:
7ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
BO
FD
YN
: D
ynam
ic e
nd-p
oin
t contr
ol in
BO
F t
hro
ugh a
fast
and
sim
ult
aneous
dete
rmin
ati
on o
f th
e s
teel/
Sla
g c
om
posi
tion
�N
ew
sam
pling d
evelo
pm
ent:
�M
ain
resu
lts
:
�Sam
pling o
f m
ixed s
teel-
slag w
as
eff
icie
nt.
�O
nly
part
of
the s
am
ple
s pre
sente
d g
ood c
hara
cte
rist
ics
for
the lase
r
analy
sis
(good f
latn
ess
, su
ffic
ient
thic
kness
, and n
o “
cru
mbly
” p
ropert
ies)
�sa
mple
pre
para
tion is
necess
ary
, pro
bably
by c
utt
ing o
r m
illing t
he
sam
ple
to g
et
a r
easo
nably
fla
t, c
lean s
urf
ace.
8ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
BO
FD
YN
: D
ynam
ic e
nd-p
oin
t contr
ol in
BO
F t
hro
ugh a
fast
and
sim
ult
aneous
dete
rmin
ati
on o
f th
e s
teel/
Sla
g c
om
posi
tion
�Sam
ple
s analy
sis:
�M
ain
resu
lts
:
�W
hile t
he s
teel sa
mple
s w
ere
perf
ectl
y a
naly
sable
, th
e m
ixed s
am
ple
s
were
made o
f st
eel w
ith s
mall s
lag inclu
sions
or
of
slag w
ith s
teel are
as.
�In
ord
er
to g
et
a g
ood s
teel analy
sis,
a “
pre
burn
” a
nd a
lin
e-
or
step s
can
over
at
least
5 m
m is
necess
ary
in o
rder
to identi
fy “
cle
an s
teel”
are
as.
9ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
BO
FD
YN
: D
ynam
ic e
nd-p
oin
t contr
ol in
BO
F t
hro
ugh a
fast
and
sim
ult
aneous
dete
rmin
ati
on o
f th
e s
teel/
Sla
g c
om
posi
tion
�Sla
gs
sam
ple
s analy
sis
Main
resu
lts
:
�Sm
all s
teel part
icle
s in
clu
ded in s
lag p
art
of
the s
am
ple
have a
seri
ous
impact
on t
he r
epre
senta
tiveness
of
the s
am
ple
analy
ses.
�Eff
ect
of
the s
am
ple
surf
ace:
have t
o s
urf
ace t
he s
am
ple
s or
to t
reat
the
analy
tical data
.
�D
iffi
cult
ies
to a
naly
se q
uanti
tati
vely
sla
g a
nd s
teel
on a
sam
e p
rogra
m.
The s
lag r
efe
rence m
ate
rials
cannot
be a
naly
sed w
ith t
he s
am
e lase
r
energ
y a
nd f
ocuss
ing a
s th
e s
teel,
and it
is t
echnic
ally im
poss
ible
to
swit
ch lase
r para
mete
rs in t
he m
iddle
of
a m
easu
rem
ent
run.
�The b
est
chances
to a
chie
ve b
oth
ste
el and s
lag a
naly
sis
in o
ne s
am
ple
is
for
sam
ple
s th
at
are
main
ly s
teel,
wit
h r
ela
tively
larg
e (
0,1
–1 m
m)
slag
part
icle
s em
bedded.
The s
lag a
naly
sis
is t
hen p
oss
ible
wit
h a
“su
btr
acti
on” m
eth
od b
ut
a d
irect
analy
sis
of
“pure
” s
lag p
art
icle
s w
ith
LIB
S is
not
realist
ic.
10
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
BO
FD
YN
: D
ynam
ic e
nd-p
oin
t contr
ol in
BO
F t
hro
ugh a
fast
and
sim
ult
aneous
dete
rmin
ati
on o
f th
e s
teel/
Sla
g c
om
posi
tion
�M
ain
resu
lts
:
�Analy
sis
on indust
rial
sam
ple
for
the m
ajo
r “sl
ag” e
lem
ents
(Ca,
Si and A
l)
were
fair
ly c
onsi
stent
wit
h R
SD
. Als
o,
the r
esu
lts
for
P a
re f
air
ly
consi
stent.
For
Mn,
S a
nd T
i, n
o r
eal dete
rmin
ati
ons
can b
e m
ade,
but
“a
good indic
ati
on o
f th
e level”
. O
bvio
usl
y,
carb
on in t
he s
lag c
annot
be
dete
rmin
ed a
t all.
11
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
INQ
UIS
SS:
In s
itu,
quic
k s
ensi
ng s
yst
em
for
measu
rem
ents
of
pro
cess
-cri
tical com
ponents
in s
teelm
akin
g s
lags
�W
ork
ing p
eri
od:
01/07/2001 –
30/06/2004
�Conso
rtiu
m :
RW
TH
(D
), A
cera
lia
(S),
Aceri
nox
(S),
Hellin
iki
Haly
vourg
ia(G
), ISQ
(P),
Univ
ers
ity o
f M
ala
ga (
S),
Univ
ers
ity o
f Patr
as
(G)
�O
bje
cti
ves
:
�Adapta
tion a
nd o
pti
mis
ati
on o
f la
ser-
base
d s
ensi
ng (
LIB
S)
in s
teelm
akin
g
pla
nt
pro
cess
ing c
ondit
ions
(EAF,
BO
F,
ladle
).
�D
evelo
pm
ent
of
a q
uic
k/on-l
ine,
in-s
itu m
easu
rem
ent
syst
em
of
pro
cess
-
cri
tical
com
ponents
of
molt
en s
lags.
�M
ain
resu
lts
:
�LIB
S m
easu
rem
ents
were
perf
orm
ed o
ff-l
ine o
n s
am
ple
d s
lag a
t EAF p
lant.
�O
n-l
ine t
rials
at
BO
F p
lant
haven't b
een d
one d
ue t
o p
racti
cal pro
ble
ms.
12
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
INQ
UIS
SS:
In s
itu,
quic
k s
ensi
ng s
yst
em
for
measu
rem
ents
of
pro
cess
-cri
tical com
ponents
in s
teelm
akin
g s
lags
�Lab-s
cale
experi
ments
�M
ain
resu
lts:
�The lase
r in
duced b
reakdow
n s
pectr
osc
opy (
LIB
S)
meth
od h
as
been
applied t
o m
eta
llurg
ical
liquid
and s
olid s
lags.
�For
Ca,
Al,
Si,
Mg,
Fe a
nd C
r calibra
tion c
urv
es
were
pro
duced;
Ca
is t
he
most
cri
tical
ele
ment
due t
o s
trong s
elf
-abso
rpti
on a
t th
e p
lasm
a
locati
on.
13
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
INQ
UIS
SS:
In s
itu,
quic
k s
ensi
ng s
yst
em
for
measu
rem
ents
of
pro
cess
-cri
tical com
ponents
in s
teelm
akin
g s
lags
�Lab-s
cale
experi
ments
–fo
cusi
ng iss
ue
�M
ain
resu
lts:
�Pro
ble
ms
of
focuss
ing t
he lase
r beam
to a
wavy s
lag s
urf
ace h
ave b
een
overc
om
e b
y n
ew
subm
erg
ed g
raphit
e n
ozzle
into
the liq
uid
sla
g.
14
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
INQ
UIS
SS:
In s
itu,
quic
k s
ensi
ng s
yst
em
for
measu
rem
ents
of
pro
cess
-cri
tical com
ponents
in s
teelm
akin
g s
lags
�Lab-s
cale
experi
ments
–im
pact
of
T
�M
ain
resu
lts:
�Str
ong infl
uence o
f te
mpera
ture
: th
e e
xact
know
ledge o
f sl
ag
tem
pera
ture
and o
f ro
ughly
defi
ned f
low
behavio
ur
of
the s
lag (
vis
cosi
ty)
are
necess
ary
.
15
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
INQ
UIS
SS:
In s
itu,
quic
k s
ensi
ng s
yst
em
for
measu
rem
ents
of
pro
cess
-cri
tical com
ponents
in s
teelm
akin
g s
lags
�O
ff-l
ine t
rials
at
EAF p
lant
16
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
INQ
UIS
SS:
In s
itu,
quic
k s
ensi
ng s
yst
em
for
measu
rem
ents
of
pro
cess
-cri
tical com
ponents
in s
teelm
akin
g s
lags
�O
ff-l
ine t
rials
at
EAF p
lant:
�It
was
poss
ible
to m
easu
re m
ain
chem
ical ele
ments
of
steel pla
nt
slags
like C
a,
Si,
Fe,
Mg,
and C
r in
the r
ough e
nvir
onm
ent
of
an
EAF p
roducti
on f
acilit
ies.
�Sla
g s
am
ple
s w
ere
solidif
ied in s
pecia
l Cu c
rucib
les
and
subse
quentl
y a
naly
sed b
y L
IBS b
eneath
the f
urn
ace.
The
inhom
ogeneous
concentr
ati
on f
rom
solidif
icati
on p
ath
ways
and
the u
neven s
urf
ace o
f th
e s
olidif
ied s
lags
led t
o s
trong p
roble
ms
of
LIB
S a
pplicati
on s
o t
hat
only
qualita
tive r
esu
lts
can b
e g
iven.
17
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
INQ
UIS
SS:
In s
itu,
quic
k s
ensi
ng s
yst
em
for
measu
rem
ents
of
pro
cess
-cri
tical com
ponents
in s
teelm
akin
g s
lags
�Pre
para
tion o
f on-l
ine t
rials
at
BO
F p
lant
�M
ain
resu
lts:
�M
ain
pro
ble
m f
or
the t
ime b
ein
g is
the d
ust
y a
tmosp
here
in t
he c
onvert
er
vess
el
duri
ng b
low
ing a
nd t
he long d
ista
nce b
etw
een lens
and s
lag s
urf
ace
where
dust
dis
turb
s th
e b
eam
s heavily.
�Second p
roble
m w
hic
h h
as
to b
e o
verc
om
e i
s th
e p
rote
cti
on o
f em
plo
yees
again
st m
ain
lase
r beam
s and u
nw
ante
d r
efl
exio
ns
in t
he p
lant.
18
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
INQ
UIS
SS:
In s
itu,
quic
k s
ensi
ng s
yst
em
for
measu
rem
ents
of
pro
cess
-cri
tical com
ponents
in s
teelm
akin
g s
lags
�M
ain
resu
lts:
�The L
IBS-m
eth
od c
an b
e u
sed in s
teelm
akin
g p
lants
to c
ontr
ol
the s
lag
com
posi
tion o
nline in s
pit
e o
f th
e r
ough e
nvir
onm
ent.
�The s
yst
em
could
be u
sed in p
rocess
ste
ps
like c
onti
nuousl
y m
elt
ing o
f
DRI,
contr
ol
of
foam
ing s
lag in a
n E
AF,
meta
llurg
ical
work
in a
vacuum
tank,
where
a h
om
ogeneous
liquid
sla
g o
f lo
w v
iscosi
ty e
xis
ts.
�In
vest
igati
on o
f dis
cre
te t
aken s
lag s
am
ple
s dir
ectl
y n
ear
by t
he f
urn
ace
in t
erm
s of
rapid
pro
cess
contr
ol
is a
lso p
oss
ible
.
19
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
Sum
mary
�Term
inate
d R
FCS p
roje
cts
�AVAS (
dir
ect
measu
rem
ent
-O
ES)
�BO
FD
YN
(sa
mpling a
t convert
er)
�IN
QU
ISS (
dir
ect
measu
rem
ent
-LIB
S)
�O
ther
refe
rences
�O
ES m
easu
rem
ent
at
EAF
�O
ES m
easu
rem
ents
at
convert
er
�LIB
S d
irect
measu
rem
ents
of
slag c
om
posi
tion
�O
n-g
oin
g R
FCS a
cti
vit
ies
�O
SCAN
EAF (
dir
ect
measu
rem
ent
-O
ES)
20
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
EAF s
pectr
a a
naly
sis
–la
b t
rials
�Lot
of
work
fro
m F
inla
nd t
eam
(U
niv
of
Oulu
and H
els
inki)
�Labora
tory
scale
DC e
lectr
ic a
rc f
urn
ace t
o s
tudy t
he u
sabilit
y
of
opti
cal em
issi
on s
pectr
osc
opy in r
eal
ele
ctr
ic a
rc f
urn
aces.
�To
pic
is
EAF s
tain
less
ste
elm
akin
g (�
few
er
slag f
oam
ing).
�O
pti
cal em
issi
on s
pectr
a o
f Fe,
Cr,
Cr 2
O3,
Ni,
SiO
2,
Al 2
O3,
CaO
,
and M
gO
were
record
ed in t
he w
avele
ngth
range 2
50–6
00 n
m
and t
he r
esu
lts
were
analy
sed w
ith t
he h
elp
of
refe
rence d
ata
.
�Benefi
t of
usi
ng a
rc e
mis
sion is
that
no a
ddit
ional ra
dia
tion
sourc
es
are
needed a
nd e
mis
sion c
om
es
dir
ectl
y f
rom
the c
ore
of
the f
urn
ace w
ithout
separa
te s
am
ple
handling.
�G
ood c
orr
ela
tion o
f em
issi
on p
eaks
wit
h C
rO/FeO
and M
nO
/SiO
2
rati
os �
Cr
and M
nyie
ld.
�M
. Aula
, A.
Mäkin
en,
T. F
abri
tius:
“Analy
sis
of
Arc
Em
issi
on S
pectr
a o
f Sta
inle
ss S
teel Ele
ctr
ic A
rc F
urn
ace
Sla
g A
ffecte
d b
y F
luctu
ati
ng A
rc V
olt
age”. Applied S
pectr
osc
opy.
2013.
68:
26–3
2.
�A.
Mäkin
en,
J.
Nis
kanen,
H.
Tik
kala
, H
. Akse
la:
‘‘O
pti
cal Em
issi
on f
rom
a S
mall S
cale
Model Ele
ctr
ic A
rc
Furn
ace in 2
50-6
00 n
m R
egio
n.”
Revie
w o
f Scie
nti
fic Inst
rum
ents
. 2013.
84:
043111
21
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
EAF s
pectr
a a
naly
sis
–la
b t
rials
�Collabora
tion o
f U
niv
of
Oulu
and R
WTH
�Tr
ials
perf
orm
ed o
n R
WTH
’s p
ilot
EAF in A
C m
ode.
�To
pic
is
EAF s
tain
less
ste
elm
akin
g.
�Cr 2
O3
conte
nt
of
slag w
as
analy
sed b
y m
easu
ring t
he
opti
cal em
issi
on s
pectr
um
of
the e
lectr
ic a
rc a
nd
com
pare
d w
ith X
RF a
naly
sis
of
sam
ple
s.
�The r
esu
lts
indic
ate
that
best
accura
cy in a
pilot
scale
can b
e o
bta
ined b
y u
sing c
om
bin
ati
on o
f Ca
I, F
e I o
r M
n
I lines
as
refe
rence f
or
Cr
I lines.
�Avera
ge a
bso
lute
err
or
of
0.6
2%-p
oin
ts a
nd a
sta
ndard
devia
tion o
f 0.4
9%-p
oin
ts
�Accura
cy o
f m
easu
rem
ent
lim
ited b
y v
ari
ati
on o
f
refe
rence m
ate
rial
am
ount,
vapori
zati
on a
nd t
herm
al
stabilit
y o
f sl
ag c
om
ponent
and s
lag h
om
ogeneit
y.
�M
. Aula
, T.
Dem
us,
H.
Pfe
ifer,
T.
Fabri
tius:
”Analy
sis
of
Cr2
O3 c
onte
nt
of
the s
lag in p
ilot
scale
EAF b
y
measu
ring t
he o
pti
cal em
issi
on s
pectr
um
of
the e
lectr
ic a
rc.”
ISIJ
Inte
rnati
onal.
2017.
57(3
): 4
78-4
86.
22
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
EAF s
pectr
a a
naly
sis
–pla
nt
tria
ls
�Sti
ll F
inla
nd t
eam
wit
h indust
rial applicati
on a
t O
uto
kum
pu
Sta
inle
ss s
teel pla
nt
�140t
AC s
tain
less
ste
elm
akin
g E
AF.
�H
igh inte
nsi
ty p
eaks
of
Ca
I, C
aII,
Cr
I, M
g I,
Mn
I, N
a I,
Li I w
ere
obse
rved in t
he
spectr
um
.
�The c
om
pari
son s
how
s th
at
the o
pti
c
em
issi
on o
f an a
rc is
dom
inate
d b
y s
lag
com
ponents
.
�Resu
lts
dif
fer
from
lab t
rials
due t
o d
iffe
rent
atm
osp
here
.
23
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
EAF s
pectr
a a
naly
sis
–pla
nt
tria
ls
�Sti
ll F
inla
nd t
eam
wit
h indust
rial applicati
on a
t O
uto
kum
pu
Sta
inle
ss s
teel pla
nt
�140t
AC s
tain
less
ste
elm
akin
g E
AF.
�Four
basi
c t
ypes
of
em
issi
on s
pectr
a w
ere
obta
ined d
uri
ng t
he E
AF p
rocess
cycle
.
�The f
irst
one is
obsc
ure
d b
y s
cra
p s
teel
�The s
econd is
dom
inate
d b
y t
herm
al ra
dia
tion
of
the s
lag (
too low
T t
o e
xcit
e a
tom
ic/io
nic
transi
tion)
�th
e t
hir
d is
dom
inate
d b
y a
lkali p
eaks
and
sodiu
m D
-lin
es
�th
e f
ourt
h is
chara
cte
rize
d b
y m
ult
iple
ato
mic
em
issi
on p
eaks.
�Stu
dy f
ocus
on s
pectr
um
types
rela
ted t
o
the t
herm
al ra
dia
tion o
f hot
slag o
r gas
and
excit
ati
on o
f alk
ali m
eta
ls b
y t
he
exoth
erm
ic r
eacti
ons
insi
de t
he E
AF.
�M
. Aula
, A.
Mäkin
en,
T. F
abri
tius:
“Analy
sis
of
Arc
Em
issi
on S
pectr
a o
f Sta
inle
ss S
teel Ele
ctr
ic A
rc F
urn
ace
Sla
g A
ffecte
d b
y F
luctu
ati
ng A
rc V
olt
age”. Applied S
pectr
osc
opy.
2013.
68:
26–3
2.
�A.
Mäkin
en,
J.
Nis
kanen,
H.
Tik
kala
, H
. Akse
la:
‘‘O
pti
cal Em
issi
on f
rom
a S
mall S
cale
Model Ele
ctr
ic A
rc
Furn
ace in 2
50-6
00 n
m R
egio
n.”
Revie
w o
f Scie
nti
fic Inst
rum
ents
. 2013.
84:
043111
�O
. Blo
ck:
Dis
sert
ati
on,
Univ
ers
ity o
f th
e F
edera
l Arm
ed F
orc
es
Ham
burg
, H
am
burg
, 1995.
24
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
Opti
cal
spectr
osc
opy a
t convert
er
–pla
nt
tria
ls
�W
ork
fro
m S
wedis
h a
nd J
apanese
team
s
�To
pic
is
convert
er
(CLU
) but
larg
ely
exte
ndable
to A
OD
.
�Stu
dy o
f th
e s
pectr
um
em
itte
d f
rom
the f
lam
e a
bove t
he m
outh
of
convert
er.
�Poss
ible
to identi
fy s
pectr
al fe
atu
res
of
inte
rest
for
pro
cess
contr
ol (M
nO
)
�W
. W
endt,
W.
Pers
son:
‘‘O
pti
cal Spectr
osc
opy f
or
the C
hara
cte
riza
tion o
f an A
lloy S
teel Convert
ing
Pro
cess
’’.
Appl.
Spectr
osc
.1990.
44(6
): 9
87-9
91 .
�K.
Chib
a, A.
Ono,
M.
Saeki,
M.
Yam
auchi,
M.
Kanam
oto
, T.
Ohno:
‘‘D
evelo
pm
ent
of
Dir
ect
Analy
sis
Meth
od
for
Molt
en Iro
n in C
onvert
er:
Hots
pot
Radia
tion S
pectr
om
etr
y’’
. Ir
onm
akin
gand S
teelm
akin
g 1
993.
20(3
):
215-2
20.
25
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
Sla
gs
analy
sis
wit
h L
IBS
�LIB
S p
rincip
le:
�la
ser
beam
is
focuse
d into
a s
mall a
rea,
pro
ducin
g t
he h
ot
pla
sma.
The m
ate
rial
conta
ined in t
he p
lasm
a is
ato
miz
ed a
nd t
he lig
ht
corr
esp
ondin
g t
o a
uniq
ue w
avele
ngth
of
each e
lem
ent
is e
mit
ted f
rom
the e
xcit
ed a
tom
s.
�A c
alibra
tion o
f th
e L
IBS s
ignal is
necess
ary
for
quanti
tati
ve a
naly
sis.
�Em
issi
on s
ignals
are
dete
cte
d b
y t
he c
om
bin
ati
on o
f a s
pectr
om
ete
r, a
n ICCD
cam
era
and a
uxilia
ry e
quip
ment.
Accord
ing t
o t
he m
easu
red m
ate
rials
of
solid,
liquid
and g
as
phase
s, d
iffe
rent
measu
rem
ent
cham
bers
or
pla
tform
s can b
e e
mplo
yed.
�M
ult
i-ele
menta
l capabilit
y w
ith v
ery
short
resp
onse
tim
e.
26
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
Sla
gs
analy
sis
wit
h L
IBS
�O
nline s
lag a
naly
sis
on B
F r
unner
�The r
esu
lts
have p
roved t
he p
oss
ibilit
ies
of
the L
IBS m
eth
od t
o a
llow
accura
te m
easu
rem
ents
in h
ars
h e
nvir
onm
ent.
�Ele
ments
im
port
ant
for
the p
rocess
, like C
a,
Si,
Al,
Mg,
Fe,
could
be
identi
fied o
n-l
ine in t
he s
lag r
unner.
�G
. M
onfo
rt,
L.
Bellavia
, M
. Tonte
ling,
C.
Oje
da,
O.
Anss
eau,
On-l
ine m
easu
rem
ent
of
the h
ot
meta
l te
mpera
ture
and c
om
posi
tion in t
he b
last
furn
ace r
unners
by L
IBS,
JALS v
ol.
1,
Num
. 1,
2014
27
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
Sla
gs
analy
sis
wit
h L
IBS
�Analy
sis
of
solidif
ied s
am
ple
s ta
ken f
rom
the liq
uid
sla
g layer
in a
vacuum
degass
er
stati
on o
f
a s
teel pla
nt
�V.
Stu
rm,
H.-
U.
Schm
itz,
T.
Reute
r, R
. Fle
ige a
nd R
. N
oll:
Spect
roch
im. A
cta,
Part
B,
63 (
2008),
1167.
�O
n-l
ine a
naly
sis
of
liquid
sla
g a
t VA s
teel pla
nt.
The s
lag in t
he ladle
of
a s
lag t
ransp
ort
er
was
measu
red a
uto
mati
cally a
t a d
ista
nce o
f se
vera
l m
ete
rs d
uri
ng a
short
sto
p o
f th
e
transp
ort
er
wit
hin
2 m
in.
The m
ajo
r com
ponents
, su
ch a
s CaO
, Fe,
SiO
2,
MgO
, M
nand A
l 2O
3,
were
analy
sed a
nd c
om
pare
d w
ith r
efe
rence v
alu
es
from
the labora
tory
for
solid p
ress
ed
slag s
am
ple
s as
well a
s fo
r sa
mple
s fr
om
the liq
uid
sla
g.
Sta
ble
24/7 o
pera
tion d
uri
ng t
he
firs
t th
ree-m
onth
test
run h
as
been d
em
onst
rate
d s
uccess
fully u
nder
these
condit
ions.
�V.
Stu
rm,
R.
Fle
ige,
M.
de K
ante
r, R
. Leit
ner, K
. Pilz,
D.
Fis
cher,
G.
Hubm
er
and R
. N
oll:
Anal.
Chem
.,
86 (
2014),
9687.
28
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
Sla
gs
analy
sis
wit
h L
IBS
�Analy
sis
of
solidif
ied s
am
ple
s ta
ken f
rom
the liq
uid
sla
g layer
in a
vacuum
degass
er
stati
on o
f
a s
teel pla
nt
�V.
Stu
rm,
H.-
U.
Schm
itz,
T.
Reute
r, R
. Fle
ige a
nd R
. N
oll:
Spect
roch
im. A
cta,
Part
B,
63 (
2008),
1167.
�O
n-l
ine a
naly
sis
of
liquid
sla
g a
t VA s
teel pla
nt.
The s
lag in t
he ladle
of
a s
lag t
ransp
ort
er
was
measu
red a
uto
mati
cally a
t a d
ista
nce o
f se
vera
l m
ete
rs d
uri
ng a
short
sto
p o
f th
e
transp
ort
er
wit
hin
2 m
in.
The m
ajo
r com
ponents
, su
ch a
s CaO
, Fe,
SiO
2,
MgO
, M
nand A
l 2O
3,
were
analy
sed a
nd c
om
pare
d w
ith r
efe
rence v
alu
es
from
the labora
tory
for
solid p
ress
ed
slag s
am
ple
s as
well a
s fo
r sa
mple
s fr
om
the liq
uid
sla
g.
Sta
ble
24/7 o
pera
tion d
uri
ng t
he
firs
t th
ree-m
onth
test
run h
as
been d
em
onst
rate
d s
uccess
fully u
nder
these
condit
ions.
�V.
Stu
rm,
R.
Fle
ige,
M.
de K
ante
r, R
. Leit
ner, K
. Pilz,
D.
Fis
cher,
G.
Hubm
er
and R
. N
oll:
Anal.
Chem
.,
86 (
2014),
9687.
�Q
ualita
tive a
nd q
uanti
tati
ve m
easu
rem
ent
of
ele
menta
l concentr
ati
on in iro
n s
lag a
nd o
pen
pit
ore
sam
ple
s. V
ari
ous
ele
ments
of
Cd,
Ca,
Mg,
Cr,
Mn,
Ti,
Ba,
P, C
u,
Fe,
Zn,
etc
. in
these
sam
ple
s w
ere
dete
rmin
ed.
The c
oncentr
ati
ons
of
trace m
eta
ls e
stim
ate
d w
ith t
he L
IBS s
etu
p
were
in c
lose
agre
em
ent
wit
h t
he r
esu
lts
achie
ved w
ith ICPA
ES.
The L
IBS d
ete
cti
on lim
its
were
est
imate
d f
or
these
menti
oned e
lem
ents
under
the o
pti
mal experi
menta
l condit
ions.
�T.
Huss
ain
and M
. A.
Gondal:
J.
Phys.
: Conf.
Ser.
, 439 (
2013),
012050-1
.
�Z.
WanG
, y.
Deguchi,
F.
Shio
u,
J.
Yan,
J.
Liu
: “Applicati
on o
f Lase
r-In
duced B
reakdow
n
Spectr
osc
opy t
o R
eal-
Tim
e E
lem
enta
l M
onit
ori
ng o
f Ir
on a
nd S
teel M
akin
g P
rocess
es”
. IS
IJ
Inte
rnati
onal.
2016.
56(5
): 7
23-7
35.
29
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
Sum
mary
�Term
inate
d R
FCS p
roje
cts
�AVAS (
dir
ect
measu
rem
ent
-O
ES)
�BO
FD
YN
(sa
mpling a
t convert
er)
�IN
QU
ISS (
dir
ect
measu
rem
ent
-LIB
S)
�O
ther
refe
rences
�O
ES m
easu
rem
ent
at
EAF
�O
ES m
easu
rem
ents
at
convert
er
�LIB
S d
irect
measu
rem
ents
of
slag c
om
posi
tion
�O
n-g
oin
g R
FCS a
cti
vit
ies
�O
SCAN
EAF (
dir
ect
measu
rem
ent
-O
ES)
30
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
OSCAN
EAF:
On-l
ine s
lag c
om
posi
tion a
naly
sis
for
ele
ctr
ic a
rc
furn
aces
�W
ork
ing p
eri
od:
01/09/2016 –
31/08/2019
�Conso
rtiu
m :
RW
TH
, O
ulu
, KTH
, Lux M
et,
Oso
y,
Dew
�O
bje
cti
ves
: The o
bje
cti
ve o
f th
e p
roje
ct
is t
he d
evelo
pm
ent
of
a
conti
nuous
measu
rem
ent
syst
em
for
EAF/LF s
lag c
om
ponent
analy
sis
base
d o
n o
pti
cal em
issi
on s
pectr
osc
opy.
The a
im is
the a
naly
sis
of
Cr 2
O3,
MnO
, FexO
y,
CaO
, SiO
2,
Al 2
O3,
MgO
and C
aF
conte
nt
of
the s
lag
for
stain
less
and c
arb
on s
teel gra
des
in t
he E
AF a
nd L
F.
Pro
ject
acti
vit
ies
aim
at:
�re
mote
and c
onti
nuous
measu
rem
ent
syst
em
for
online s
lag a
naly
sis,
�lo
w m
ain
tenance s
yst
em
desi
gn,
�opti
mis
ed o
pera
ting p
racti
ces
base
d o
n c
onti
nuous
slag c
om
posi
tion d
ata
incre
asi
ng r
eso
urc
e
and e
nerg
y e
ffic
iency.
31
ESTAD
2017 –
Dis
sTec
sem
inar
on M
easu
rem
ent
technolo
gie
s in
2dary
meta
llurg
y -
Vie
nna
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y
©CRM Group -All rights reserved for all countries. Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of CRM Group -CONFIDENTIAL -Privileged Information -CRM Group proprietary information.
Fast
analy
sis
of
slag c
hem
istr
y d
uri
ng s
econdary
meta
llurg
y