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Number71 n December20,2013
FathersInvolvementWithTheirChildren:UnitedStates,20062010
byJoJones,Ph.D.,andWilliamD.Mosher,Ph.D.,DivisionofVitalStatistics
AbstractObjectiveThisreportmeasuresfathers involvementwiththeirchildren.
Father involvement ismeasuredbyhowoftenamanparticipatedinasetofactivitiesin thelast4weekswithchildrenwhowere livingwithhimandwithchildrenwhowerelivingapartfromhim.Involvement ismeasuredseparatelyforchildrenaged04yearsandchildrenaged518years.Increased involvementoffathersintheirchildrensliveshasbeenassociatedwitharangeofpositiveoutcomesforthechildren.
MethodsTheanalysespresented inthisreportarebasedonanationallyrepresentativesampleof10,403menaged1544yearsinthehouseholdpopulationoftheUnitedStates.Thefatherinvolvement measuresarebasedon2,200fathersofchildrenunderage51,790wholivewiththeirchildrenand410wholiveapartfromtheirchildren,andon3,166fathersofchildrenaged5182,091wholivewiththeirchildrenand1,075who liveapartfromtheirchildren.
ResultsStatisticsarepresentedonthefrequencywithwhichfatherstookpart inasetofagespecificactivities intheirchildrenslives.Differencesinpercentdistributionsarefoundbywhetherthefatherliveswithorapartfromhischildren,andbyhisdemographiccharacteristics.Ingeneral,fatherslivingwiththeirchildrenparticipatedintheirchildrens livestoagreaterdegreethanfatherswho liveapartfrom theirchildren.Differences infathers involvementwiththeirchildrenwerealsofoundby thefathersage,maritalorcohabitingstatus,education,andHispanicoriginandrace.Keywords:fathersactivitieswithchildrenfathersandchildrencoresidentialandnoncoresidentialchildrenNationalSurveyofFamilyGrowth
wellbeinginmanyareas(1)forIntroduction
example,on increasing thechancesof
Fathersinvolvementintheir academicsuccess(2,3)andinreducingchildrens liveshasbeenshown tohave thechancesofdelinquencyandapositiveeffectonchildrenandtheir substanceabuse(46).Aliterature
reviewfound thatchildrenwhosefathersassumed40%ormoreofthefamilyscaretaskshadbetteracademicachievementthanchildrenwhosefatherswerelessinvolved(7,8).
Inrecentdecades,fatherswho livewiththeirchildrenhavebecomemoreinvolvedin theirchildrens lives thaninpreviousgenerations(9,10),althoughfewerfathersnow livewith theirchildrenbecauseof increases innonmaritalchildbearing(9,1115).Theimpactofnonmaritalchildbearingon thepresenceoffathersismoderated,however,byincreasesintheproportionofchildrenbeingborn intocohabitingunions(12).Forexample,Martinezetal.(seeTable12inreference12)foundthat23%ofrecentbirths(thoseoccurringinthe5yearsbefore theinterview) towomenaged1544in20062010occurredwithincohabitingunions,asignificantincreasefrombirthstowomenaged1544in2002(14%).Usinganationalsampleoffathersaged1544, thisreportdocumentshowmuchfathersare involvedwiththeirchildrenbothchildrenwithwhom theylive,andchildrenfromwhomtheyliveapart.
From1973,when theNationalCenterforHealthStatistics(NCHS)firstconductedtheNationalSurveyofFamilyGrowth(NSFG), to1995,NSFGmeasuredchanges inthefactorsrelated
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Center for Health Statistics
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Page2 NationalHealthStatisticsReports n Number71 n December20,2013tobirthandpregnancyratesandfamilyformationanddissolutionbyinterviewingnationalsamplesofwomenaged1544(16).In2002,NSFGbegancollectingdatafromnationalsamplesofmenaged1544.Collectinginformationonfatherinvolvementwasamajorreasonfor includingmeninthe2002and20062010NSFGs,dueto,asnotedabove,agrowingbodyofresearchshowingapositiveassociationbetweenthepresenceandinvolvementoffathersandoutcomesfor theirchildren(7,8,17).
In1995,PresidentClinton issuedamemorandumfortheheadsofexecutivedepartmentsandagenciesurgingfederalsurveystoincorporatefathers,whereappropriate, ingovernmentinitiatedresearchregardingchildrenandtheirfamilies(18).SubsequentconsultationbyNSFGstaffwithexperts inotherfederalagenciesandtheresearchcommunityshowed thatcollectingdataontheroleoffathers intheirchildrensliveswasahighpriority.Itwasalsorecognizedthatmultiple indicatorsoffather involvementwerenecessary tomeasure themultidimensionalityoffathering(8,17,19).And thecontinuedimportanceofcollectingdatadirectlyfromfathersabout theirinvolvementintheir
childrens
lives
was
asummary
conclusionfroma2012conferenceattheNationalInstitutesofHealthsponsoredbytheNationalCenterforFamily&MarriageResearch(20,21).
Datafromthe2002NSFGonfatherinvolvementwerepublishedpreviously(22),basedonasampleof4,928menaged1544.Thisreportbuildsonthatresearchand isbasedonasampleof10,403menaged1544from the20062010NSFG.Bothreportspresentnationaldataforfathersaged1544onwhether theylivewithor liveapartfrom theirchildrenunderage18andtheir involvementwiththosechildren.Thesameeightindicatorsoffatherinvolvementwerecollected in2002and20062010.
Somescholarshavesuggested thatfathersinvolvementinthelivesof theirchildrencanbeclassifiedintothree(orfour,dependinguponhoweconomicsupportisclassified)broaddimensions(8,23):
+Engagementordirectinteractionwiththechild, includingtakingcareof,playingwith,orteaching thechild
+Accessibilityoravailability,whichincludesmonitoringbehaviorfromthenextroomornearby,andallowingdirectinteractionifnecessary
+Responsibilityforthecareofthechild,which includesmakingplansandarrangementsforcareasdistinctfrom theperformanceofthecare(8)
+Economicsupportorbreadwinning,whichcanbeconsideredeitheraspartofresponsibilityorseparatefromothermeasuresoffather involvement
Otherscholarsmaymeasureorclassify involvementdifferently.
Thisreport
is
limited
to
measures
of
directinteractionorengagementwithchildren in the last4weeksasreportedbythefather.However,NSFGhasothermeasuresonfathersthatcanbeused infutureresearch,including:+Ageandmaritalorcohabitationstatus
whenfirstbecomingafather+Engagementinactivitieswith
children inthe last12months+Satisfactionwiththeamountof
contactwithchildrenwho liveapart+Amountandfrequencyofchild
supportpaid, ifany+Attitudestowardmarriageand
parenthoodTheseothermeasuresareoutside
thescopeofthisreport,butsomehavebeenpublishedpreviously(10,22,2427).MethodsSourceofthedata
Thisreportisbasedon the20062010NSFG,whichwasjointlyplannedandfundedbyNCHSandseveralotherprogramsof theU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices(seeAcknowledgments).Datawerecollectedfrom12,279 interviewswithwomenand10,403menaged1544conductedfromJune2006throughJune2010.Thisreport ismainlylimited to thedatacollectedfromthesampleof3,928menwhoarefathers.
Interviewswerevoluntary;participantswereprovidedinformationaboutthesurveybeforebeingaskedforsigned informedconsent.Thesurveywasreviewedandapprovedby theNCHSandUniversityofMichiganInstitutionalReviewBoards.Theoverallresponserate in20062010was77%;theresponserateforwomenwas78%andformen itwas75%(28).Toprotecttherespondentsprivacy,onlyonepersonwasinterviewed ineachselectedhousehold.Further informationaboutNSFGssampledesign,samplingandsamplingerrors,interviewing,anddataprocessing isavailableelsewhere(2830).Statisticalanalysis
Thisreportpresentsbasicdescriptivestatisticsonfatherinvolvementwithchildrenlivingwithandlivingapartfromthem intheUnitedStatesin20062010; itdoesnotattempttodemonstratecauseandeffectrelationships.StatisticsforthisreportwereproducedusingSASsoftware,version9.3(http://www.sas.com).TheSASprocedurePROCSURVEYFREQisdesigned tohandle thecomplexsampledesignofsurveys likeNSFGandwasusedtocalculatepercentagesandstandarderrors(SE).Allestimatesfor20062010 in thisreportwereweightedtoreflecttheapproximately62millionmenaged1544in thehouseholdpopulationof theUnitedStatesat themidpointofinterviewing,June2008.Menaged1544livingonmilitarybasesorin institutionswerenotincluded in thesurvey.
Statisticallysignificantdifferencesbetweenpercentageswereassessedusing twotailed ttestsatthe5%level.Noadjustmentsweremadeformultiplecomparisons.Termssuchasgreaterthanandlessthanindicate thatastatisticallysignificantdifferencewasfound.Lackofcommentregardingthedifferencebetweenanytwostatisticsdoesnotmeanthatthedifferencewastestedandfoundnottobesignificant.
In thedescriptionoftheresultsbelow,whenthepercentagebeingcitedisbelow10%orabove90%,thetext
http://www.sas.com/http://www.sas.com/http://www.sas.com/http://www.sas.com/8/13/2019 Fatherhood Data 2013
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NationalHealthStatisticsReports n Number71 n December20,2013 Page3cites thepercentage toonedecimalpoint.Tomakereadingeasierand toremindthereader thattheresultsarebasedonsamplesandsubjecttosamplingerror,percentagesbetween10%and90%aregenerallyshownrounded tothenearestwholepercentage.In thisreport,percentagesarenotshownifthesampledenominator islessthan75casesorthenumerator isless than5cases.Whenapercentageorotherstatisticisnotshownfor thisreason,thetablecontainsanasterisk(*)signifyingthat thestatisticdoesnotmeetstandardsofreliabilityorprecision.Formoststatisticspresented in thisreport, thenumeratorsanddenominatorsaremuchlarger.
Whendiscussingresults,demographicdifferencesbetweenfatherslivingwiththeirchildrenandfatherslivingapartfrom theirchildrenareexamined,followedbyadiscussionofactivityspecificresults.Foreachactivity,coresidentialfathersarefirstcomparedwithnoncoresidentialfatherson thepercentageswhodidtheactivityeverydayin the last4weeksand thepercentageswhodidnotdotheactivityatallin thelast4weeks.Next,comparisonswithinaresidentialcategory
are
made
across
age,
marital
or
cohabitingstatus,education,andHispanicoriginandracebythefrequencyofdoing theactivity.TheResultssectionconcludeswithanexaminationoffathersviewsofhowgoodafathertheyare.Onlystatisticallysignificantdifferencesbetweenany twopercentagesarementionedinthetext.
Asdetailedbelow,about10%offathershavechildrenwithwhomtheyliveandchildrenfromwhomtheyliveapart,sotheresidencegroupsarenotindependentsamples.Thislackofindependencecouldaffectstatisticaltestingacrossresidencegroups.However,when treating theresidencegroupsas independentsamples, thesignificancelevelsfordifferencesacross
group,whicharethemajorityofcomparisonsdiscussedbelow.Fathersandmeasuresoffatherinvolvement
Notallmenarebiologicalfathersandnotallfathershavebiologicalchildren.Inaddition tofatheringachild,menmaybecomefathers throughadoptionwhichconfers thesame legalstatus,protections,andresponsibilitiestothemanandthechildasfatheringabiologicalchild.Menalsomaybecomedefactofatherswhentheymarryorcohabitwithwomenwhohavechildrenfrompreviousrelationships,thatis,theyareraisingstepchildrenortheircohabitingpartnerschildren.In thisreport,menweredefinedasfathers iftheyhadbiologicaloradoptedchildrenorifstep orpartnerschildrenwereliving inthehousehold.Thepercentageofmenraisingstep oradoptedchildrenwhodidnotalsohavebiologicalchildrenwasverysmall,0.2%.In20062010,44.8%ofmenaged1544hadeverhadabiologicalchild(12),and45.0%ofmenaged1544(28millionof the62millionmenaged1544)werelivingwithbiological,adopted,step,orpartnerschildren,orhadadoptedorbiological
children
living
elsewhere
(analysisof20062010datanotshown.)
Fathersweredividedintotwocategoriesbasedon theircoresidencewiththeirchildrenaged18yearsandunder.Coresidentialminorchildrenwerechildrenwithwhomamanlivedandincludedstep orpartnerschildrenwhowereliving inhishousehold,aswellashisownbiologicalandadoptedchildren.Noncoresidentialminorchildrenconsistedofamansbiologicalor
adoptedchildrenwho livedapartfromhim.Somefathershadbothcoresidentialandnoncoresidentialchildrenabout10%.Identicalquestionsaboutspecificactivitieswereaskedforbothcoresidentialandnoncoresidentialchildren.Analyseswererestricted toactivities inwhichthemanparticipatedwith thesechildrenwithinthe4weekspreceding theinterview.
Table1ofthisreportisbasedontheentiresampleof10,403menaged1544,butTables210arebasedonthe3,928menwhoarefathers.Tables25arebasedonthe2,200menwhohadchildrenunderage5years,andTables69arebasedonthe3,166menwhohadchildrenaged518years.Somemenhadchildreninbothagegroups,soTable10isbasedon4,336men3,038menwhohadcoresidentialchildrenand1,298menwhohadnoncoresidentialchildren.Thesamplesizeofmenwhodonot livewiththeirchildrenunderage5(Tables25) is 410,so thepercentagesinTables25formenwhodonotlivewiththeirchildrenhavelargersamplingerrorsthanthepercentagesbasedonthe1,790menwholivewithchildren.Thesamplesizesonwhich thetablesarebasedareshown inTableA.
Resultsfor
categories
of
men
based
onsmallsamplesizes,orthosewithlargeSEsasshownin thedetailedtables,shouldbe interpretedcautiously.
Researchhasshownanumberoffactorsthataffect theextenttowhichfathersare involved intheirchildrenslives.Thisreportexaminesfiveofthesefactors:whetherheliveswith thechildren,hiscurrentage,maritalorcohabitationstatus,Hispanicoriginandrace,andeducation.
TableA.Distributionoffathersaged1544,by livingarrangementandageofchildren:UnitedStates,20062010
Withchildrenaged:Under5years 518years
Livingarrangement (Tables25) (Tables69)residencegroupswerevery large;the Lives with one or more children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,790 2,091 associatedSEswouldhave toincrease Does not live with one or more of his children . . . . . . . . . . 410 1,075 dramaticallytomake thedifferences Tot al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,200 3,166 nonsignificant.Notethatindependence
NOTE:Due tomen livingwithchildrenreportingdontknowor refusedforaspecificactivity,Table5isbasedon1,788men,wasnotanissueforcomparisonsmade andTables7and9arebasedon2,090men.
SOURCE:CDC/NCHS,NationalSurveyofFamilyGrowth,20062010.betweencategorieswithinaresidence
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Page4 NationalHealthStatisticsReports n Number71 n December20,2013Fatherhood,activitieswithchildren,andself-ratingoffathering
Menwereaskedaboutthenumberandcharacteristicsofchildrentheyhadfatheredoradopted inthecontextoftherelationshipstheyhadwithwomen.Theywereasked iftheyhadfatheredoradoptedachildwiththeircurrentwifeorpartner,withanyoftheir threemostrecentsexualpartners,anyformerwiveswhohadnotbeendiscussedbefore,andtheirfirstcohabitingpartner.Lastly,menwereasked iftheyhadfatheredanyotherchildrenwithsexualpartners theyhadnotmarried,or iftheyhadadoptedanyotherchildrenwhohad livedwiththemunder theircareandresponsibility,notdiscussedin thecontextofarelationship.
Informationfrom thesequestionsandfromthehouseholdrosterwasusedto identifymenwhohadchildrenlivingwiththem(i.e.,coresidentialchildren),andmenwhohadchildrenlivingapartfromthem(i.e.,noncoresidentialchildren),at thetimeofthe interview.Coresidentialchildrenincludedbiological,adopted,step,orpartnerschildrenwhowere livingin themanshouseholdatthe timeof theinterview;noncoresidential
children
included
biologicaloradoptedchildrenthatwerelivingoutsidethemanshouseholdatthetimeofinterview.Menwhohadchildrenwere thenaskedquestionsabout theirinvolvementin thesechildrenslives.
Menwereaskedaboutactivitiestheydidwith theircoresidentialandwith theirnoncoresidentialchildrenfortwobroadagegroups:preschoolagedchildren(underage5years)andschoolagedchildren(aged518years),inorder toaskageappropriatequestions.Thequestionsaboutactivitiesthatamanengaged inwithhischildrenweresummarymeasuresaskedgenerallyaboutallofhiscoresidentialandallofhisnoncoresidentialchildren intheage
activitiesbyagegrouparepresentedbelow.Forchildrenunderage5,activities include:+Eatingmealswithorfeedingthe
children+Bathing,diapering,ordressingthe
children,or
helping
the
children
bathe,dress,orusethetoiletthemselves
+ Playingwiththechildren+ Readingto thechildrenForchildrenaged518,activitiesinclude:+Talkingwith thechildrenabout things
thathappenedduringtheirday+ Eatingmealswiththechildren+Helping thechildrenwithhomework
orcheckingthat thehomeworkhadbeendone
+Takingthechildren toorfromactivities
Menwereaskedhowfrequentlytheydideachactivityinthelast4weeks.Theyweregivenashowcardandasked toselectoneofthefollowingresponseoptions:+ Notatall+ Lessthanonceaweek+ Aboutonceaweek+ Severaltimesaweek+ Everyday(at leastonceaday)BecauseoftherelativelysmallnumbersoffatherswhoengagedinsomeactivitiesLess thanonceaweekandAboutonceaweek,thesecategoriesarecombined in thisreport.
Usinga5pointscale,fathersalsowereaskedtoratehowgoodajobtheythoughttheyweredoingasafatheroverallwithallof theircoresidentialandwithallof theirnoncoresidential
children,aged018.ResponseoptionswereAverygoodjob,Agoodjob,Anokayjob,Notaverygoodjob,andAbadjob.The latter twocategoriesarecombined inthisreport.
Menwereclassifiedbyseveraldemographiccharacteristics:Hispanicoriginandrace,currentage,maritalorcohabitationstatus,andeducation.Hispanicoriginandraceweretabulatedinaccordancewith1997guidelinesfromtheOfficeofManagementandBudget(31).EstimatesforHispanicmen,regardlessoftheirrace,areshownseparatelyfromnonHispanicmen.FornonHispanicmen,estimatesarepresentedforsingleracewhiteandblackmen.Becauseofsmallsamplesizes,estimatesformenofotherracialgroups
are
not
shown
separately.
Educationisshownformenaged2244becausemenaged1521maynothavecompletedtheireducationat the timeofthe interview.Detailsonthesevariablescanbefound inpreviousNSFGreports(32,33).ResultsFatherhoodamongmenaged1544
In20062010,
about
38%
(23.5
million)ofmenaged1544were livingwithoneormorechildren,andabout12%(7.5million)werelivingapartfromoneormoreoftheirbiologicaloradoptedchildren(Table1).Note thatthesecategoriesarenotmutuallyexclusiveapproximately5%ofmenhadchildrenwithwhom they livedandchildrenfromwhomtheylivedapart.Thesefathersare includedinbothpanelsofTable1.Figure1shows the
TableB.Distributionoffathersaged1544,byresidentiallocationofchildren:UnitedStates,20062010
WeightedSampled Weighted number
Residential location number percentage (inthousands)groupsthat is, thequestionswerenot Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,928 100.0 27,961askedforspecificchildren.
Thisreportfocusesonactivitiesthat Onlycoresidentialchildren. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Onlynoncoresidentialchildren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,604 885 73.2 15.8 20,456 4,414 mendidwiththeirchildren,separately Bothcoresidentialandnoncoresidentialchildren . . . . . . 439 11.1 3,091 forcoresidentialandnoncoresidentialchildren,in thelast4weeks.The NOTE:Percentagesmaynotaddto100duetorounding.SOURCE:CDC/NCHS,NationalSurveyofFamilyGrowth,20062010.
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Only noncoresidential
children
Both coresidential and
noncoresidential children
SOURCES: CDC/NCHS, National Survey of Family Growth, 20062010 and Table B of this report.
73
1611
Only coresidential
children
Figure1.Percentdistributionoffathersaged1544,bywheretheirchildrenlive:UnitedStates,20062010percentdistribution,andTableBshowsthenumberandpercentageoffatherswhohaveonlycoresidentialchildren,onlynoncoresidentialchildren,orbothcoresidentialandnoncoresidentialchildren.
Acrossmostcharacteristics inTable1,higherpercentagesofmenaged1544were livingwiththeirchildrenthan
were
living
apart
from
their
children,butthemagnitudeofthedifferencevariedbycharacteristic.Forexample,about twiceasmanymenaged1524hadcoresidentialchildren(6.9%)thanhadnoncoresidentialchildren(3.3%).Byages3544,three timesasmanymenhadcoresidentialchildren(64%)thanhadnoncoresidentialchildren(19%).Lookingatmaritalandcohabitingstatus,sixtimesasmanycurrentlymarriedmenhadcoresidentialchildren(75%)thanhadnoncoresidentialchildren(12%).Amongcurrentlycohabitingmen,almost threetimesasmanyhadcoresidentialchildren(54%) thanhadnoncoresidentialchildren(20%).Asexpected,of thecharacteristicsshowninTable1,onlyamongmenwhowereneithermarriednorcohabitingwas thepercentageofmenwhohadnoncoresidentialchildren(10%)higher thanthepercentageofmenwhohadcoresidentialchildren(6.1%).
More thantwiceasmanymenaged2244withahighschooldiplomaorlesseducationhadcoresidentialchildren(54%)comparedwithnoncoresidentialchildren(23%).Lookingatmenwithsomecollegeormoreeducation,fivetimesasmanyhadcoresidentialchildren(45%) thanhadnoncoresidentialchildren(8.7%).
NonHispanicwhitemenaged1544hadthe largestdifferencebetween thosewithcoresidentialchildren(37%)and thosewithnoncoresidentialchildren(8.2%).ThedifferencewassmallestamongnonHispanicblackmen,with33%havingcoresidentialchildrenand24%havingnoncoresidentialchildren.AmongHispanicmen,morethantwiceasmanyhadcoresidentialchildren(44%) thanhadnoncoresidentialchildren(18%).
Thefollowingdiscussiondescribesandcomparesmensinvolvementwiththeirchildrenbyexamining thepercentagesoffathersaged1544(oraged2244whencomparingpercentagesbetweeneducationalattainmentgroups)whoparticipated inavarietyofactivitiesinthelast4weekswiththeirchildren.Emphasis isgiventocomparing thecategorieseverydayandnotatall,althoughforafewmeasureswheretheseresponsesareless
common,anothercategoryissometimescited.Involvement inactivitieswithchildrenunderage5years
Ingeneralandasexpected,ahigherpercentageoffathersaged1544wholivedwiththeirchildrenunderage5participated inactivitieswith theirchildrenmorefrequentlythanfatherswholivedapartfrom theirchildren(Figure2).Similarly,fatherswithnoncoresidentialchildrenweremorelikelytonothavedonetheactivityatallin thelast4weekscomparedwithfatherswithcoresidentialchildren(Tables25).Themagnitudeof thedifferences
between
coresidential
and
noncoresidentialfathersvariedbyactivity.Differencesalsowereseenbydemographiccharacteristicswithingroupsofcoresidentialandnoncoresidentialfathers.Thesedifferencesarediscussedbelow.Howoftenfathersfedoratemealswiththeirchildren
Ahigherpercentageoffatherswholivedwith theirchildrenunderage5fedoratemealswith themdaily72%comparedwith7.9%offatherswithnoncoresidentialchildren.Ahigherpercentageoffathers livingapartfromtheirchildrendidnotfeedoreatmealswith thematall in thelast4weeks43%comparedwith0.8%offatherswithcoresidentialchildren(Table2).
VariationbyHispanicoriginandracewasseenin thepercentagesofcoresidentialfatherswhoatemealswiththeirchildreneveryday.Specifically,Hispanicfatherswereless likely toeatmealswith theirchildreneveryday(64%)thanwerenonHispanicwhite(74%)ornonHispanicblack(78%)fathers(Table2).
Moredifferencesacrossdemographiccategorieswereseenamongfatherswhodidnotlivewithoneormoreoftheirchildren.+Higherpercentagesofolderfathers
44%of thoseaged2534and60%ofthoseaged3544hadnoteatena
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0
20
40
60
80
100
Have children they live apart fromHave children they live with
72
58
29
8 8 105
81
Fed or ate meals with Bathed, dressed, or diapered Played with Read to
SOURCES: CDC/NCHS, National Survey of Family Growth, 20062010 and Tables 25 of this report.
Percent
Figure2.Percentageoffathersaged1544whohavechildrenunderage5yearswhoengaged inthespecifiedactivitydaily inthelast4weeks,bywhetherthechildrenlivewithorapartfromthem:UnitedStates,20062010
mealwithorfed theirnoncoresidentialchildreninthelast4weeks,comparedwith25%offathersaged1524.
+ More thanonehalfoffathersaged2244withahighschooldiplomaorlesseducation(54%)hadnoteatenamealwith theirnoncoresidentialchildreninthelast4weeksasignificantlyhigherpercentage thanfatherswithsomecollegeormoreeducation(33%).
+ Hispanicfathers(58%)aged1544weresignificantlymorelikelytohavenoteatenamealwith theirnoncoresidentialchildrencomparedwithwhite(35%)orblack(31%)fathers.
Howoftenfathersbathed,diapered,ordressedtheirchildren
Nineoutof10fathers(90%)wholivedwithchildrenunderage5bathed,diapered,ordressed thechildren,orhelpedthembathe,dress,orusethetoileteverydayorseveral timesaweek,comparedwith31%offatherswho livedapartfromtheirchildren(Table3).Restrictingthefigurestothosewhodid theseactivitieseveryday,thefiguresare58%forfathers
wholivedwith theirchildrenand8.3%forfatherswhodidnot livewith theirchildren.
TherewasasignificantdifferencebyHispanicoriginandraceamongfatherswithcoresidentialchildren:Blackfathers(70%)weremost likely tohavebathed,dressed,diapered,orhelpedtheirchildrenuse thetoileteverydaycomparedwithwhite(60%)andHispanicfathers(45%).
Somedemographicdifferenceswereseenamongfatherswithnoncoresidentialchildren:+Twothirdsoffathersaged3544
(68%)hadnotbathed,dressed,ordiaperedtheirnoncoresidentialchildrenin thelast4weeks.Thiscompares
with
onethird
of
fathers
aged1524(31%).
+Ahigherpercentageoffathersaged2244withahighschooldiplomaorlesseducation(60%)hadnotbathed,dressed,ordiaperedtheirchildreninthe last4weekscomparedwithfatherswithsomecollegeormoreeducation(33%).
+About twothirdsofHispanicfathersaged1544(66%)hadnotbathed,dressed,ordiaperedtheirchildren in
thelast4weeks,significantlymorethanblack(34%)orwhitefathers(39%).
Howoftenfathersplayedwiththeirchildren
Practicallyall
fathers
who
lived
withchildrenunderage5playedwiththem:Amongcoresidentialfathers,81%playedwith themdaily,and18%playedwith themseveraltimesaweek(Table4).Ahigherpercentageofcurrentlymarriedfathers(82%)playedwith theircoresidentialchildreneveryday,comparedwithfatherswhowerenotcurrentlymarriedorcohabiting(68%).
Amongfatherswithnoncoresidentialchildrenunderage5,about4outof10playedwiththemdaily(10%)orseveraltimesaweek(29%),while37%didnotplaywiththeirchildrenatallinthelast4weeks.Somedifferencesbydemographiccharacteristicsinclude:+Alargerpercentageofolderfathers
hadnotplayedwith theirnoncoresidentialchildrencomparedwith theyoungestfathers.Fortysevenpercentoffathersaged3544and40%offathersaged2534hadnotplayed
with
their
children
at
all
in
the
last4weeks.Thiscompareswith22%offathersaged1524.
+Fathersaged2244withahighschooldiplomaorlesseducationwerealmosttwiceas likely(47%)tohavenotplayedwiththeirnoncoresidentialchildren inthe last4weekscomparedwithfatherswithsomecollegeormoreeducation(26%).
+AhigherpercentageofHispanicfathersaged1544(52%)hadnotplayedwiththeirnoncoresidentialchildren in the last4weekscomparedwithwhite(30%)andblack(25%)fathers.
Howoftenfathersreadtotheirchildren
Fatherswho livedwithchildrenunderage5weresixtimesmore likelythanfatherswhodidnot livewith theiryoungchildren tohaveread tothem
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NationalHealthStatisticsReports n Number71 n December20,2013 Page7daily,29%comparedwith4.9%(Table5).Ontheotherhand,16%ofmenwithcoresidentialchildrenand52%ofmenwithnoncoresidentialchildrenhadnotread to thematall inthelast4weeks.
Significantdifferenceswereobservedin thepercentagesoffatherswithcoresidentialchildrenwhoreadtothem,byage,maritalorcohabitationstatus,education,andHispanicoriginandrace(Table5).+ Olderfathersweremorelikelythan
youngerfathers toread totheircoresidentialchildren.Specifically,34%offathersaged3544readtotheircoresidentialchildreneveryday,significantlymorethanfathersaged1524(20%).Olderfatherswerelesslikely(13%) tohavenotreadtotheirchildrenatallcomparedwithyoungerfathers(24%).
+ Cohabitingfatherswere twiceaslikely(30%) tohavenotreadtotheirchildrenatall inthe last4weekscomparedwithmarriedfathers(12%)andfatherswhowereneithermarriednorcohabiting(14%).
+ Fathersaged2244withsomecollegeormoreeducationweremore
likelytohavereadto theirchildreneveryday(33%)comparedwithfatherswithahighschooldiplomaorlesseducation(24%).
+Asmallerpercentageofwhitefathersaged1544hadnotread totheircoresidentialchildrenatall(8.4%)comparedwithblack(19%)orHispanicfathers(32%).
Thisdifference inreading totheirchildrenis lessapparentamongfathersand theirnoncoresidentialchildren,withsignificantdifferencesonlybyeducationandHispanicoriginandrace.+Alargerpercentageoffathersaged
2244withahighschooldiplomaorlesseducation(60%)hadnotreadtotheirnoncoresidentialchildrenatallinthe last4weekscomparedwithfatherswithsomecollegeormoreeducation(35%).
+Alargerpercentageoffathersaged1544ofHispanicorigin(70%)hadnotreadto theirnoncoresidentialchildrenatall inthe last4weekscomparedwithblack(47%)andwhite(36%)fathers.
SOURCES: CDC/NCHS, National Survey of Family Growth, 20062010 and Tables 69 of this report.
Percent
Have children they live apart fromHave children they live with
Ate meals with Took to or fromactivities
Talked about day Helped or checkedhomework
66
21
3 4
16
6
65
30
0
20
40
60
80
100
Figure3.Percentageoffathersaged1544whohavechildrenaged518yearswhoengaged inthespecifiedactivitydaily inthelast4weeks,bywhetherthechildrenlivewithorapartfromthem:UnitedStates,20062010
Involvement inactivitieswithchildrenaged518years
Tables69showdataonfathersactivitieswith theirschoolagedchildren(aged518).Aswasseenwithchildrenunderage5,fathersaged1544wholivedwitholderchildrenweremorelikelytoparticipate inactivitieswiththemeverydayand less likely tonotparticipateatallinactivitiesin thelast4weeks,comparedwithfatherswholivedapartfrom theirchildren(Tables69,Figure3).Additionally,variationacrossdemographiccharacteristicswasfoundin theleveloffatherinvolvementforspecificactivitieswithcoresidentialandwithnoncoresidential
schoolaged
children.
Howoftenfathersatemealswiththeirchildren
Amongfatherswholivedwith theirschoolagedchildren,66%atemealswiththemeverydayin thelast4weeks(Table6)andonly1.4%didnoteatanymealsatallwiththem.Bycomparison,amongfatherswhodidnot livewiththeirschoolagedchildren,2.9%atemealswiththemeveryday,and53%didnoteatmealswith thematall in thelast4weeks.
DifferencesbymaritalorcohabitingstatusandHispanicoriginandracewereseenamongfatherswithcoresidentialchildren:+Currentlymarried(68%)and
cohabiting(64%)fathersweremorelikely toeatmealswiththeirschoolagedchildreneveryday thanwerefatherswhowereneithermarriednorcohabiting(47%).
+AlargerpercentageofHispanicfathers(71%)atemealswiththeirchildrendaily thandidwhitefathers(64%).
DifferencesbymaritalorcohabitingstatusandHispanicoriginandracewerealsoseenamongfatherswhodidnotlivewith theirchildren:+Asmallerpercentageoffatherswho
wereneithermarriednorcohabiting(38%)didnoteatanymealsatallwith thesechildren inthe last4
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Page8 NationalHealthStatisticsReports n Number71 n December20,2013weekscomparedwithmarried(61%)orcohabiting(61%)fathers.
+ SmallerpercentagesofnonHispanicwhite(43%)andnonHispanicblack(46%)fathersdidnoteatmealsatallwiththeirnoncoresidentialchildrencomparedwithHispanicfathers(72%).
Howoftenfatherstooktheirchildrentoorfromactivities
Twentyonepercentoffatherswholivedwiththeirschoolagedchildrenand3.9%offatherswithnoncoresidentialchildrentook themtoorfromactivitieseveryday in thelast4weeks(Table7).Conversely,15%offatherswithcoresidentialchildrenand71%offatherswithnoncoresidentialchildrendidnot take themtoorfromactivitiesatall.Significantdifferencesbydemographiccharacteristicswerefoundamongcoresidentialandnoncoresidentialfathers.
Amongfatherswithcoresidentialchildren:+ Alargerpercentageofcurrently
marriedfathers(21%) took theirschoolagedchildren toorfromactivitieseverydaycomparedwithcohabitingfathers(15%).
+Fewer
currently
married
fathers
(13%) thancohabitingfathers(21%)didnot take theirchildrentoorfromactivitiesatallin thelast4weeks.
+ Oneinfivefathersaged2244withahighschooldiplomaorlesseducation(21%)didnot take theirschoolagedchildren toorfromactivitiesatallinthe last4weeks.Thiscompareswith8.2%ofcoresidentialfatherswithsomecollegeormoreeducation.
+ Ahigherpercentageofblackfathersaged1544(27%)tooktheirchildrentoorfromactivitieseverydaycomparedwithwhitefathers(20%).
Amongfatherswithnoncoresidential,schoolagedchildren:+ Threequartersofcurrentlymarried
(77%)andcurrentlycohabiting(76%)fathersdidnot take theirnoncoresidentialchildrentoorfromactivitiesatall inthe last4weekscomparedwith63%offatherswhowereneithermarriednorcohabiting.
+About threeofeveryfourfathersaged2244withahighschooldiplomaor lesseducation(75%)hadnot taken theirschoolagedchildrentoorfromactivitiesin thelast4weekscomparedwith64%offatherswithsomecollegeormoreeducation.
+AhigherpercentageofHispanicfathersaged1544(83%)hadnottaken theirchildrentoorfromactivitiescomparedwithwhite(70%)orblack(58%)fathers.
Howoftenfatherstalkedwithchildrenaboutthingsthathappenedduringtheday
Twothirdsoffathersaged1544wholivedwith theirschoolagedchildren(65%) talkedwithoneormoreof thesechildrenabout things thathadhappenedduring thechildsdayeveryday,asdid16%offatherswholivedapartfrom theirchildren(Table8).Amongfatherswhodidnotlivewiththeirchildren,37%didnottalk to theirchildrenatallabout things thathappenedduringthedayinthelast4weeks;thiscompareswith1.1%offatherswithcoresidentialchildren.
Theonlydemographicdifferencefoundamongmenwithcoresidentialchildrenwasbymaritalorcohabitingstatus.Asmallerpercentageofcohabitingfathers(58%)talkedaboutthings thathappenedduring thechildsdaywithoneormoreoftheirschoolagedchildreneverydaycomparedwithfatherswhowereneithermarriednorcohabiting(71%)orcurrentlymarried(66%).
DifferencesbymaritalorcohabitingstatusandHispanicoriginandracewerefoundforfatherswithnoncoresidentialchildren.+Currentlymarriedfathers(8.0%)wereless likely tohavetalkedwith their
noncoresidentialchildreneverydayaboutthingsthathadhappenedduring thechildrensdaycomparedwithfatherswhowereneithermarriednorcohabiting(20%)andfatherswhowerecohabiting(23%).
+Marriedfathers(47%)andcohabitingfathers(43%)weretwiceas likely tohavenot talkedwiththeirnoncoresidentialchildrenatall inthe
last4weekscomparedwithfatherswhowereneithermarriednorcohabiting(23%).
+AmongHispanicfatherswhodidnotlivewith theirchildren,63%didnottalkwiththeirchildrenatall inthelast4weeksaboutthings thathadhappenedduringthechildrensday,comparedwith29%ofwhitefathersand21%ofblackfathers.
Howoftenfathershelpedwithhomeworkorcheckedthathomeworkwasdone
Amongfatherswho livedwithschoolagedchildren,30%saidtheyhelped thechildrenwithhomeworkorchecked thatthechildrenhaddonetheirhomeworkeveryday(Table9).Thiscompareswith6.0%offatherswhodidnot livewith theirchildren.About14%ofcoresidentialfathershadnothelpedthesechildrenwithhomeworkatall inthelast4weeks,andneitherdid69%offatherswithnoncoresidentialchildren.
For themostpart, therewasnodifferencebydemographiccharacteristicinthepercentagesoffatherswithcoresidential,schoolagedchildrenwhohelpedtheirchildrenwithhomeworkorcheckedthatthehomeworkhadbeendone.
Thereweretwoexceptions:+Alargerpercentageofcohabiting
fatherswithcoresidentialchildren(20%)didnothelp theirchildrenwithhomeworkatallcomparedwithcurrentlymarriedfathers(13%).
+Alargerpercentageofblackfathers(41%)hadhelped theircoresidentialchildrenwithhomeworkeveryday inthe last4weekscomparedwithHispanic(29%)orwhite(28%)fathers.
Therewerealsodifferences inthepercentagesoffatherswithnoncoresidentialchildrenwhohelpedwithorchecked thathomeworkhadbeendonebymaritalorcohabitingstatusandHispanicoriginandrace.+Largerpercentagesofcurrently
married(78%)andcohabiting(71%)fathershadnothelped theirnoncoresidentialchildrenwith
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NationalHealthStatisticsReports n Number71 n December20,2013 Page9homeworkatall in the last4weekscomparedwithfatherswhowereneithermarriednorcohabiting(58%).
+ LargerpercentagesofHispanic(82%)andwhite(70%)fathershadnothelped theirnoncoresidentialchildrenwithhomeworkatallin thelast4weekscomparedwithblackfathers(56%).
Howgoodafathermenperceivethemselvestobe
Ingeneral,fathersaged1544wholivedwiththeirchildrenaged018(44%)wereabout twiceaslikelyasfatherswhodidnot livewith theirchildren(21%) tosaytheyaredoingaverygoodjobasafather(Table10).While0.6%ofcoresidentialfathersthink theyaredoinganotverygoodorabadjob,24%ofnoncoresidentialfathersthink theyaredoinganotverygoodorbadjob.Conclusion
Thegoalofthisreportis todocument theextentoffatherinvolvementintheirchildrens livesusingthesampleof3,928fathersaged1544inthe20062010NSFG.Whileothersurveyshavecollecteddataonfatherinvolvementinrecentdecades(19,3437), theNSFGsampleislarge,recent,andnationallyrepresentative.Italsohasmultipleindicatorsoffatherinvolvementforbothfatherswho livewiththeirchildrenandfatherswho liveapartfromtheirchildren.
Thisreport islimitedtofourmeasuresoffather involvementforchildrenunderage5yearsand tofourmeasuresof involvementforchildrenaged518years.Identicalmeasureswerecomparedforfathersaged1544wholivedwithandwho livedapartfromtheirchildren.Parentalinvolvementiscomplexandmultidimensional.Themeasuresselectedforthesurveyandexaminedherewerechosenbecausepreviousresearchhasfound themtoberelated topositiveoutcomesforchildren(8,19,23).Multiple indicatorsareshownbecausenooneindicatoris thekeyfather
involvementactivity thatbenefitsallchildrenmorethanothers(8,17,37).
Someofthefindingsshownhereareworthreiterating,astherewasvariationinfather involvementbyactivity.Forexample,forchildrenunderage5,thestudyfoundthat96%ofresidentfathersatemealswiththeirchildreneverydayorseveraltimesaweek;98%playedwithchildren thatoften;90%bathed,diapered,ordressedtheirchildreneverydayorseveral timesaweek;and60%readto theirchildrenthatoften.Forthefatherswhodidnotlivewith theirchildren,30%atemealswith themeverydayorseveraltimesaweek;39%playedwith theirchildrenseveraltimesaweekormore;31%bathed,diapered,ordressedtheirchildrenseveral timesaweekormore;and23%readtotheirchildrenseveraltimesaweekormore.
Variation inthefrequencyofdoingactivitiesalsowasevidentamongfatherswithschoolagedchildren(aged518).Forfatherswholivedwith thesechildren,93.0%atemealswiththeirchildren,and92.5%talkedwith thesechildrenabout thingsthathappenedduring theirdayseveral timesaweekoreveryday.Thiscompareswith63%offatherswhohelpedwithorcheckedhomework
and
55%
of
fathers
who
took
thesechildrentoorfromactivities.
Thisvariability ininvolvementbyactivityisonereason toexamineallofthemeasuresavailable inNSFG,ratherthanonlytheonesreportedhere.AdditionalresearchwithNSFGcouldfocusonsomeofthemeasuresoffatherinvolvementnot includedinthisreport(seeIntroduction), includinginvolvementin thelast12months,andcorrelatesofinvolvementsuchasworkhoursandschedulesandpaymentofchildsupport.The20062010NSFGdatahasseveral limitations inexaminingfatherinvolvement.First,onlymenaged1544wereincludedin thesurvey,limitingwhatcanbesaidaboutinvolvementwiththeirchildrenbyfathersaged45andover.Involvementmaydifferamong thesefatherscomparedwithfathersaged1544,butthisreportfoundveryfewdifferencesbyage in the levelofinvolvementin
activities.Thedifferencesbyagethatwerefoundsuggestthatolderfathersmaybe lessinvolvedthanfathersaged1544in theirchildrens lives,especiallyfatherswithnoncoresidentialchildrenaged04.
Asecondlimitation isthatthefather involvementquestionswerenotaskedforaspecific,focalchildiffathershadmorethanonecoresidentialornoncoresidentialchildinanagerange.Itisnotclear, then,how thesefathersresponded iftheyhaddifferentlevelsofinvolvementwith thedifferentchildren.Forexample, ifaman livedwitha6montholdbabyanda3year-oldchild,andhespentmore timewiththechildthanwiththebaby, itisnotpossible toknowwhetherheaveragedthetimehespentwitheachchildoransweredquestions inregard tojustone.
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37.EggebeenDJ.Chapter8:Sociologicalperspectivesonfatherhood:Whatdoweknowaboutfathersfromsocialsurveys?In:TamisLeMondaCS,CabreraNJ(eds.).Handbookoffatherinvolvement:Multidisciplinaryperspectives.Mahwah,NJ:LawrenceErlbaumAssociates,Inc.2002.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr062.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr062.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr062.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr062.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr062.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr062.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr062.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr058.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr058.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr058.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr058.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr058.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr058.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr058.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr058.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr062.pdf8/13/2019 Fatherhood Data 2013
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NationalHealthStatisticsReports n Number71 n December20,2013 Page13Table2.Numberandpercentdistributionoffathersaged1544withchildrenunderage5years,byhowoftentheyfedoratemealswiththeirchildreninthe last4weeks,accordingtotheirlivingarrangement:UnitedStates,20062010
Number Oncea SeveraltimesCharacteristic (inthousands) Total Notatall weekor less aweek Everyday
Liveswithoneormorechildren Percentdistribution(standarderror)Total1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,614 100.0 0.8 (0.24) 3.2 (0.63) 24.1 (1.54) 71.8 (1.55)Age inyears
1524 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,353 100.0 3.2 (1.73) 4.1 (1.78) 24.2 (4.20) 68.5 (4.45)2534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,314 100.0 0.9 (0.32) 2.7 (0.66) 24.9 (1.96) 71.6 (2.04)3544 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,947 100.0 * * 3.8 (1.21) 23.0 (2.32) 73.0 (2.37)
MaritalorcohabitingstatusCurrently married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,577 100.0 0.6 (0.17) 3.2 (0.77) 23.6 (1.74) 72.6 (1.84)Currentlycohabiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,394 100.0 2.0 (1.18) 4.1 (1.34) 24.0 (3.15) 69.9 (3.55)Notcurrentlymarriedorcohabiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644 100.0 * * * * 31.8 (6.10) 66.9 (6.06)
Education2HighschooldiplomaorGEDor lesseducation. . . . . . . . 5,620 100.0 1.4 (0.54) 3.8 (0.96) 24.5 (2.28) 70.3 (2.38)Somecollegeormoreeducation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,536 100.0 0.2 (0.08) 2.6 (0.80) 23.8 (2.32) 73.3 (2.48)
HispanicoriginandraceHispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,948 100.0 1.4 (0.59) 6.3 (1.45) 28.4 (3.81) 63.9 (3.46)NotHispanicorLatino
White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,237 100.0 0.3 (0.14) 1.8 (0.73) 24.0 (2.14) 73.9 (2.15)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,358 100.0 * * 5.7 (1.94) 14.4 (2.72) 78.2 (3.45)
Doesnot livewithoneormoreofhischildrenTotal1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,208 100.0 42.8 (3.94) 27.2 (3.71) 22.1 (2.63) 7.9 (1.96)Age inyears
1524 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 100.0 24.7 (6.31) 29.0 (6.34) 33.7 (6.12) 12.5 (4.41)2534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,094 100.0 44.1 (5.12) 35.3 (5.66) 16.6 (3.41) 4.0 (1.66)3544 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 100.0 60.4 (7.91) 8.2 (2.84) 20.4 (6.19) 11.0 (5.62)
MaritalorcohabitingstatusCurrently married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 100.0 * * * * * * * *Currentlycohabiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 100.0 * * * * * * * *Notcurrentlymarriedorcohabiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,313 100.0 31.2 (4.43) 29.5 (4.85) 30.3 (3.63) 8.9 (2.74)
Education2HighschooldiplomaorGEDor lesseducation. . . . . . . . 1,378 100.0 54.0 (5.34) 23.5 (4.86) 16.1 (2.90) 6.4 (2.48)Somecollegeormoreeducation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481 100.0 32.9 (6.79) 37.4 (8.36) 22.2 (6.23) 7.4 (3.64)
HispanicoriginandraceHispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760 100.0 58.0 (6.41) 14.6 (3.53) 18.7 (4.77) 8.6 (4.15)NotHispanicorLatino
White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723 100.0 35.2 (7.08) 40.9 (7.80) 20.0 (4.08) * *BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 622 100.0 31.0 (4.97) 26.5 (5.44) 29.8 (4.51) 12.6 (3.37)
*Figuredoesnotmeetstandardsofreliabilityorprecision.1Includes fathersofotherormultiple-raceandorigingroups,notshownseparately. Fatherswholivewithchildrenalsomayhavechildren theydonot livewithcurrently;theyare included inbothcategories.2Limitedto fathersaged2244at timeof interview.GED isGeneralEducationalDevelopmenthighschoolequivalencydiploma.NOTE:Percentagesmaynotadd to100due torounding.SOURCE:CDC/NCHS,NationalSurveyofFamilyGrowth,20062010.
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Page14 NationalHealthStatisticsReports n Number71 n December20,2013Table3.Numberandpercentdistributionoffathersaged1544withchildrenunderage5years,byhowoftentheybathed,diapered,ordressedthechildrenorhelpedthechildrenbathe,dress,orusethetoilet inthelast4weeks,accordingtotheir livingarrangement:UnitedStates,20062010
Number Onceaweek SeveraltimesCharacteristic (inthousands) Total Notatall or less aweek Everyday
Liveswithoneormorechildren Percentdistribution(standarderror)
Total1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,614 100.0 4.0 (0.75) 6.4 (0.77) 32.0 (1.68) 57.6 (2.00)Age inyears
1524 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,353 100.0 6.0 (2.39) 4.6 (1.43) 28.3 (4.46) 61.1 (4.90)2534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,314 100.0 3.4 (0.69) 6.9 (0.99) 30.7 (1.94) 59.1 (2.17)3544 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,947 100.0 4.3 (1.46) 6.3 (1.46) 34.7 (3.04) 54.7 (3.32)
MaritalorcohabitingstatusCurrently married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,577 100.0 3.6 (0.83) 6.3 (0.91) 32.8 (2.00) 57.3 (2.39)Currentlycohabiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,394 100.0 6.3 (1.87) 7.9 (1.53) 25.7 (2.89) 60.1 (3.59)Notcurrentlymarriedorcohabiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644 100.0 1.7 (0.91) 1.9 (0.83) 43.8 (6.30) 52.6 (6.19)
Education2HighschooldiplomaorGEDor lesseducation. . . . . . . . 5,620 100.0 5.4 (1.06) 8.3 (1.37) 32.7 (2.18) 53.6 (2.37)Somecollegeormoreeducation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,536 100.0 2.9 (1.05) 4.8 (1.08) 31.8 (2.63) 60.5 (3.00)
HispanicoriginandraceHispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,948 100.0 7.6 (1.59) 12.7 (2.03) 34.7 (2.76) 45.0 (3.35)NotHispanicorLatino
White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,237 100.0 2.1 (0.86) 4.2 (0.99) 33.6 (2.37) 60.0 (2.74)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,358 100.0 6.5 (2.60) 5.9 (2.04) 17.1 (2.79) 70.4 (3.58)
Doesnot livewithoneormoreofhischildrenTotal1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,208 100.0 47.4 (4.03) 21.4 (3.50) 22.8 (2.93) 8.3 (2.01)Age inyears
1524 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 100.0 31.4 (6.54) 20.1 (5.39) 33.1 (6.20) 15.3 (5.12)2534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,094 100.0 46.1 (5.45) 29.4 (5.77) 21.2 (4.40) 3.2 (1.47)3544 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 100.0 68.1 (6.97) 6.2 (2.91) 14.7 (3.91) 10.9 (5.62)
MaritalorcohabitingstatusCurrently married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 100.0 * * * * * * * *Currentlycohabiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 100.0 * * * * * * * *Notcurrentlymarriedorcohabiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,313 100.0 36.6 (4.59) 22.6 (4.44) 30.6 (4.19) 10.2 (2.85)
Education2
HighschooldiplomaorGEDor lesseducation. . . . . . . . 1,378 100.0 60.2 (5.29) 17.4 (4.16) 16.6 (3.53) 5.8 (2.34)Somecollegeormoreeducation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481 100.0 33.2 (6.43) 34.9 (8.48) 24.6 (6.52) 7.3 (3.64)Hispanicoriginandrace
HispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760 100.0 65.7 (5.94) 11.3 (3.41) 15.7 (3.85) 7.3 (3.94)NotHispanicorLatino
White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723 100.0 38.6 (7.34) 27.5 (7.51) 27.3 (6.48) 6.6 (3.10)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 622 100.0 34.2 (4.53) 24.4 (5.30) 28.7 (4.39) 12.7 (3.31)
*Figuredoesnotmeetstandardsofreliabilityorprecision.1Includes fathersofotherormultiple-raceandorigingroups,notshownseparately. Fatherswholivewithchildrenalsomayhavechildren theydonot livewithcurrently;theyare included inbothcategories.2Limitedto fathersaged2244at timeof interview.GED isGeneralEducationalDevelopmenthighschoolequivalencydiploma.NOTE:Percentagesmaynotadd to100due torounding.SOURCE:CDC/NCHS,NationalSurveyofFamilyGrowth,20062010.
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NationalHealthStatisticsReports n Number71 n December20,2013 Page15Table4.Numberandpercentdistributionoffathersaged1544withchildrenunderage5years,byhowoftentheyplayedwiththeirchildreninthelast4weeks,accordingtotheirlivingarrangement:UnitedStates,20062010
Number Onceaweek SeveraltimesCharacteristic (inthousands) Total Notatall or less aweek Everyday
Liveswithoneormorechildren Percentdistribution(standarderror)Total1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,614 100.0 0.4 (0.18) 1.3 (0.30) 17.6 (1.28) 80.7 (1.32)Age inyears
1524 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,353 100.0 * * * * 14.9 (3.08) 81.1 (3.32)2534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,314 100.0 0.3 (0.11) 1.7 (0.47) 16.1 (1.53) 82.0 (1.63)3544 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,947 100.0 * * 0.6 (0.34) 20.4 (2.41) 79.0 (2.45)
MaritalorcohabitingstatusCurrently married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,577 100.0 * * 0.9 (0.33) 17.4 (1.39) 81.6 (1.46)Currentlycohabiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,394 100.0 1.3 (0.88) 2.7 (1.11) 15.4 (2.71) 80.7 (2.72)Notcurrentlymarriedorcohabiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644 100.0 * * 1.6 (0.85) 29.8 (6.27) 68.3 (6.22)
Education2HighschooldiplomaorGEDor lesseducation. . . . . . . . 5,620 100.0 0.7 (0.39) 1.7 (0.53) 17.9 (1.70) 79.7 (1.70)Somecollegeormoreeducation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,536 100.0 * * 1.0 (0.44) 17.6 (2.13) 81.4 (2.20)
HispanicoriginandraceHispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,948 100.0 0.5 (0.26) 2.7 (0.92) 22.6 (2.40) 74.1 (2.38)NotHispanicorLatino
White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,237 100.0 * * 0.6 (0.28) 16.6 (1.81) 82.7 (1.86)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,358 100.0 * * * * 13.9 (2.64) 82.2 (3.64)
Doesnot livewithoneormoreofhischildrenTotal1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,208 100.0 37.0 (3.96) 24.1 (3.09) 28.5 (3.20) 10.4 (2.14)Age inyears
1524 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 100.0 22.4 (6.49) 24.5 (5.61) 34.5 (6.11) 18.7 (5.35)2534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,094 100.0 40.4 (5.09) 25.5 (4.38) 28.7 (4.91) 5.4 (1.80)3544 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 100.0 46.5 (7.85) 20.6 (7.59) 21.4 (6.20) 11.5 (5.63)
MaritalorcohabitingstatusCurrently married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 100.0 * * * * * * * *Currentlycohabiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 100.0 * * * * * * * *Notcurrentlymarriedorcohabiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,313 100.0 25.2 (4.42) 24.1 (3.74) 37.9 (4.09) 12.8 (3.06)
Education2HighschooldiplomaorGEDor lesseducation. . . . . . . . 1,378 100.0 47.3 (5.59) 20.8 (3.99) 24.4 (4.21) 7.5 (2.55)Somecollegeormoreeducation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481 100.0 26.4 (6.11) 38.6 (8.51) 27.0 (6.82) 8.1 (3.66)
HispanicoriginandraceHispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760 100.0 52.3 (7.64) 17.6 (5.03) 20.1 (4.97) 10.0 (4.17)NotHispanicorLatino
White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723 100.0 29.7 (6.68) 28.0 (7.02) 35.8 (7.06) 6.6 (3.12)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 622 100.0 24.8 (4.64) 26.1 (5.56) 32.7 (4.68) 16.5 (3.60)
*Figuredoesnotmeetstandardsofreliabilityorprecision.1Includes fathersofotherormultiple-raceandorigingroups,notshownseparately. Fatherswholivewithchildrenalsomayhavechildren theydonot livewithcurrently;theyare included inbothcategories.2Limitedto fathersaged2244at timeof interview.GED isGeneralEducationalDevelopmenthighschoolequivalencydiploma.NOTE:Percentagesmaynotadd to100due torounding.SOURCE:CDC/NCHS,NationalSurveyofFamilyGrowth,20062010.
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Page16 NationalHealthStatisticsReports n Number71 n December20,2013Table5.Numberandpercentdistributionoffathersaged1544withchildrenunderage5years,byhowoftentheyreadtotheirchildreninthe last4weeks,accordingtotheir livingarrangement:UnitedStates,20062010
Number Onceaweek SeveraltimesCharacteristic (inthousands) Total Notatall or less aweek Everyday
Liveswithoneormorechildren Percentdistribution(standarderror)Total1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,611 100.0 15.7 (1.39) 24.5 (1.46) 30.9 (1.42) 28.9 (1.62)Age inyears
1524 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,353 100.0 23.5 (4.11) 27.2 (4.74) 28.8 (4.68) 20.4 (4.65)2534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,312 100.0 15.9 (1.64) 26.0 (1.86) 30.9 (1.67) 27.2 (2.05)3544 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,946 100.0 13.3 (2.40) 21.9 (2.69) 31.3 (3.00) 33.5 (2.99)
MaritalorcohabitingstatusCurrently married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,575 100.0 12.3 (1.44) 24.1 (1.76) 32.8 (1.62) 30.8 (1.83)Currentlycohabiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,394 100.0 29.5 (3.11) 27.2 (3.34) 20.0 (3.08) 23.3 (2.94)Notcurrentlymarriedorcohabiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642 100.0 14.4 (5.78) 20.0 (4.75) 43.2 (6.84) 22.5 (4.91)
Education2HighschooldiplomaorGEDor lesseducation. . . . . . . . 5,617 100.0 23.7 (2.10) 27.7 (1.95) 24.3 (2.11) 24.3 (2.00)Somecollegeormoreeducation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,536 100.0 8.4 (1.48) 20.9 (2.12) 37.4 (2.43) 33.3 (2.42)
HispanicoriginandraceHispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,945 100.0 31.8 (2.74) 28.4 (2.91) 17.9 (2.17) 21.9 (3.97)NotHispanicorLatino
White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,237 100.0 8.4 (1.25) 24.9 (1.99) 36.5 (1.94) 30.2 (2.13)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,358 100.0 18.5 (3.13) 17.4 (2.88) 29.2 (4.49) 34.9 (4.78)
Doesnot livewithoneormoreofhischildrenTotal1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,208 100.0 52.0 (3.95) 25.5 (3.63) 17.6 (3.07) 4.9 (1.72)Age inyears
1524 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 100.0 48.3 (6.11) 28.6 (6.01) 18.4 (5.67) 4.7 (2.91)2534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,094 100.0 50.7 (5.56) 28.0 (5.28) 19.4 (4.33) 1.8 (0.91)3544 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 100.0 59.0 (8.09) 16.6 (6.28) 12.9 (5.04) 11.5 (5.63)
MaritalorcohabitingstatusCurrently married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 100.0 * * * * * * * *Currentlycohabiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 100.0 * * * * * * * *Notcurrentlymarriedorcohabiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,313 100.0 45.9 (4.98) 26.1 (4.33) 20.9 (4.03) 7.2 (2.77)
Education2HighschooldiplomaorGEDor lesseducation. . . . . . . . 1,378 100.0 60.3 (5.26) 20.4 (3.93) 15.4 (3.58) 3.9 (2.10)Somecollegeormoreeducation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481 100.0 34.5 (6.45) 40.7 (8.27) 17.3 (5.79) 7.4 (3.64)
HispanicoriginandraceHispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760 100.0 70.0 (5.83) 11.0 (2.59) 14.6 (4.35) * *NotHispanicorLatino
White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723 100.0 36.1 (7.21) 34.5 (7.81) 26.2 (7.10) 3.2 (1.88)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 622 100.0 47.4 (6.40) 31.2 (6.03) 13.5 (4.09) 7.8 (2.83)
*Figuredoesnotmeetstandardsofreliabilityorprecision.1Includes fathersofotherormultiple-raceandorigingroups,notshownseparately. Fatherswholivewithchildrenalsomayhavechildren theydonot livewithcurrently;theyare included inbothcategories.2Limitedto fathersaged2244at timeof interview.GED isGeneralEducationalDevelopmenthighschoolequivalencydiploma.NOTE:Percentagesmaynotadd to100due torounding.SOURCE:CDC/NCHS,NationalSurveyofFamilyGrowth,20062010.
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NationalHealthStatisticsReports n Number71 n December20,2013 Page17Table6.Numberandpercentdistributionoffathersaged1544withchildrenaged518years,byhowoftentheyatemealswiththeirchildreninthe last4weeks,accordingtotheirlivingarrangement:UnitedStates,20062010
Number Onceaweek SeveraltimesCharacteristic (in thousands) Total Notatall or less aweek Everyday
Liveswithoneormorechildren Percentdistribution(standarderror)Total1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,980 100.0 1.4 (0.42) 5.7 (0.64) 27.5 (1.56) 65.5 (1.63)Age inyears
1524 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 100.0 * * * * * * * *2534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,115 100.0 2.5 (0.80) 3.8 (0.81) 24.5 (2.09) 69.2 (2.41)3544 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,591 100.0 0.9 (0.35) 6.5 (0.91) 28.9 (1.94) 63.7 (2.05)
MaritalorcohabitingstatusCurrently married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,997 100.0 0.9 (0.32) 4.7 (0.71) 26.5 (1.80) 67.9 (1.90)Currentlycohabiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,540 100.0 2.0 (0.99) 7.7 (1.84) 26.3 (3.46) 63.9 (3.37)Notcurrentlymarriedorcohabiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,444 100.0 * * 10.7 (2.98) 38.5 (5.32) 46.5 (4.88)
Education2HighschooldiplomaorGEDor lesseducation. . . . . . . . 8,496 100.0 1.1 (0.51) 6.9 (0.98) 23.7 (2.18) 68.3 (2.33)Somecollegeormoreeducation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,423 100.0 1.6 (0.67) 4.5 (0.83) 31.1 (2.28) 62.8 (2.44)
HispanicoriginandraceHispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,697 100.0 1.2 (0.64) 6.1 (1.09) 21.6 (2.61) 71.1 (2.27)NotHispanicorLatino
White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,790 100.0 1.0 (0.48) 4.4 (0.81) 30.3 (2.19) 64.2 (2.23)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,797 100.0 * * 10.5 (2.09) 25.6 (3.75) 61.7 (4.67)
Doesnot livewithoneormoreofhischildrenTotal1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,280 100.0 52.5 (2.57) 31.5 (2.33) 13.0 (1.48) 2.9 (0.82)Age inyears
1524 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 100.0 * * * * * * * *2534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,329 100.0 53.0 (4.19) 30.4 (4.11) 13.6 (2.20) 3.0 (1.27)3544 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,809 100.0 51.9 (3.34) 32.0 (3.09) 13.1 (1.89) 3.0 (1.22)
MaritalorcohabitingstatusCurrently married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,685 100.0 60.7 (4.41) 29.2 (4.03) 8.2 (2.28) 1.9 (1.21)Currentlycohabiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,304 100.0 61.3 (5.00) 25.0 (4.31) 9.6 (2.77) 4.1 (2.66)Notcurrentlymarriedorcohabiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,290 100.0 38.0 (3.47) 37.9 (3.51) 20.6 (3.58) 3.5 (1.28)
Education2HighschooldiplomaorGEDor lesseducation. . . . . . . . 4,278 100.0 54.8 (3.05) 30.3 (2.63) 12.3 (1.86) 2.6 (0.98)Somecollegeormoreeducation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,002 100.0 47.7 (4.86) 34.1 (4.57) 14.5 (3.35) 3.7 (1.62)
HispanicoriginandraceHispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,769 100.0 71.8 (3.72) 15.0 (2.76) 11.3 (3.13) 1.9 (0.70)NotHispanicorLatino
White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,702 100.0 43.3 (4.71) 38.0 (4.50) 14.5 (2.34) 4.2 (1.84)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,336 100.0 45.9 (3.43) 40.7 (3.17) 11.3 (2.06) 2.1 (0.98)
*Figuredoesnotmeetstandardsofreliabilityorprecision.1Includes fathersofotherormultiple-raceandorigingroups,notshownseparately. Fatherswholivewithchildrenalsomayhavechildren theydonot livewithcurrently;theyare included inbothcategories.2Limitedto fathersaged2244at timeof interview.GED isGeneralEducationalDevelopmenthighschoolequivalencydiploma.NOTE:Percentagesmaynotadd to100due torounding.SOURCE:CDC/NCHS,NationalSurveyofFamilyGrowth,20062010.
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Page18 NationalHealthStatisticsReports n Number71 n December20,2013Table7.Numberandpercentdistributionoffathersaged1544withchildrenaged518years,byhowoftentheytooktheirchildrentoorfromactivities inthe last4weeks,accordingtotheir livingarrangement:UnitedStates,20062010
Number Onceaweek SeveraltimesCharacteristic (inthousands) Total Notatall or less aweek Everyday
Liveswithoneormorechildren Percentdistribution(standarderror)Total1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,976 100.0 14.5 (1.16) 31.0 (1.59) 34.0 (1.64) 20.5 (1.14)Age inyears
1524 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 100.0 * * * * * * * *2534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,110 100.0 18.0 (1.78) 27.5 (2.09) 31.7 (2.34) 22.8 (2.30)3544 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,591 100.0 12.7 (1.55) 32.8 (2.16) 35.1 (2.17) 19.3 (1.46)
MaritalorcohabitingstatusCurrently married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,992 100.0 12.8 (1.18) 32.7 (2.00) 33.3 (1.94) 21.2 (1.49)Currentlycohabiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,540 100.0 21.3 (2.49) 25.9 (2.84) 37.6 (3.76) 15.3 (1.93)Notcurrentlymarriedorcohabiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,444 100.0 17.8 (4.04) 25.2 (4.39) 34.1 (4.70) 22.9 (3.41)
Education2HighschooldiplomaorGEDor lesseducation. . . . . . . . 8,491 100.0 20.8 (1.70) 30.1 (1.94) 30.5 (1.96) 18.6 (1.42)Somecollegeormoreeducation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,423 100.0 8.2 (1.41) 32.0 (2.21) 37.5 (2.52) 22.2 (1.90)
HispanicoriginandraceHispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,697 100.0 18.2 (1.85) 28.5 (2.22) 30.5 (1.89) 22.8 (2.44)NotHispanicorLatino
White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,785 100.0 13.1 (1.60) 30.6 (2.29) 36.8 (2.39) 19.5 (1.56)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,797 100.0 14.8 (3.17) 28.8 (2.75) 29.4 (2.81) 27.1 (3.08)
Doesnot livewithoneormoreofhischildrenTotal1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,280 100.0 71.4 (2.11) 17.4 (1.72) 7.3 (1.15) 3.9 (1.07)Age inyears
1524 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 100.0 * * * * * * * *2534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,329 100.0 69.2 (3.59) 19.9 (3.07) 7.5 (1.58) 3.5 (1.46)3544 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,809 100.0 72.7 (2.51) 15.6 (1.97) 7.4 (1.68) 4.3 (1.32)
MaritalorcohabitingstatusCurrently married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,685 100.0 76.7 (3.58) 14.1 (2.59) 6.6 (2.26) 2.5 (1.38)Currentlycohabiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,304 100.0 76.2 (4.66) 13.8 (3.65) 4.3 (1.37) 5.7 (2.86)Notcurrentlymarriedorcohabiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,290 100.0 62.5 (3.76) 23.4 (2.83) 9.7 (1.92) 4.5 (1.42)
Education2HighschooldiplomaorGEDor lesseducation. . . . . . . . 4,278 100.0 75.1 (2.38) 16.2 (1.96) 5.8 (1.00) 2.9 (1.04)Somecollegeormoreeducation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,002 100.0 63.6 (4.30) 20.0 (3.03) 10.4 (2.99) 6.0 (2.09)
HispanicoriginandraceHispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,769 100.0 82.8 (2.86) 8.0 (1.93) 7.1 (1.67) 2.0 (0.82)NotHispanicorLatino
White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,702 100.0 70.0 (3.93) 17.9 (2.90) 7.2 (2.29) 5.0 (2.28)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,336 100.0 58.2 (3.96) 27.8 (3.70) 8.9 (2.09) 5.1 (1.69)
*Figuredoesnotmeetstandardsofreliabilityorprecision.1Includes fathersofotherormultiple-raceandorigingroups,notshownseparately. Fatherswholivewithchildrenalsomayhavechildren theydonot livewithcurrently;theyare included inbothcategories.2Limitedto fathersaged2244at timeof interview.GED isGeneralEducationalDevelopmenthighschoolequivalencydiploma.NOTE:Percentagesmaynotadd to100due torounding.SOURCE:CDC/NCHS,NationalSurveyofFamilyGrowth,20062010.
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NationalHealthStatisticsReports n Number71 n December20,2013 Page19Table8.Numberandpercentdistributionoffathersaged1544withchildrenaged518years,byhowoftentheytalkedwiththeirchildrenaboutthingsthathappenedduringtheday inthe last4weeks,accordingtotheir livingarrangement:UnitedStates,20062010
Number Onceaweek SeveraltimesCharacteristic (inthousands) Total Notatall or less aweek Everyday
Liveswithoneormorechildren Percentdistribution(standarderror)Total1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,980 100.0 1.1 (0.38) 6.3 (0.86) 27.2 (1.47) 65.3 (1.52)Age inyears
1524 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 100.0 * * * * * * * *2534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,115 100.0 1.6 (0.58) 6.8 (1.28) 23.9 (2.57) 67.7 (2.57)3544 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,591 100.0 0.9 (0.49) 6.0 (0.97) 28.7 (1.77) 64.3 (1.87)
MaritalorcohabitingstatusCurrently married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,997 100.0 0.8 (0.43) 5.5 (1.03) 27.6 (1.88) 66.1 (1.86)Currentlycohabiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,540 100.0 3.3 (1.21) 10.2 (2.38) 28.5 (2.91) 57.9 (3.31)Notcurrentlymarriedorcohabiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,444 100.0 * * 7.3 (2.68) 21.5 (3.38) 70.9 (4.19)
Education2HighschooldiplomaorGEDor lesseducation. . . . . . . . 8,496 100.0 1.0 (0.33) 8.2 (1.29) 26.7 (2.23) 64.1 (2.20)Somecollegeormoreeducation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,423 100.0 1.3 (0.68) 4.5 (1.07) 27.6 (2.01) 66.7 (2.24)
HispanicoriginandraceHispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,697 100.0 0.6 (0.28) 9.5 (2.35) 26.5 (2.65) 63.4 (2.98)NotHispanicorLatino
White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,790 100.0 0.8 (0.54) 3.9 (0.87) 28.3 (2.14) 67.0 (2.13)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,797 100.0 3.2 (1.44) 8.6 (2.11) 20.8 (2.74) 67.4 (3.42)
Doesnot livewithoneormoreofhischildrenTotal1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,280 100.0 37.3 (2.76) 27.0 (2.77) 20.1 (1.95) 15.5 (2.04)Age inyears
1524 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 100.0 * * * * * * * *2534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,329 100.0 37.8 (4.12) 19.5 (2.81) 25.4 (3.57) 17.2 (3.11)3544 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,809 100.0 36.5 (3.24) 31.1 (3.57) 17.4 (2.12) 15.0 (2.55)
MaritalorcohabitingstatusCurrently married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,685 100.0 46.7 (4.44) 29.0 (3.80) 16.3 (2.69) 8.0 (1.90)Currentlycohabiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,304 100.0 43.0 (5.21) 18.7 (4.05) 15.8 (3.99) 22.6 (4.94)Notcurrentlymarriedorcohabiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,290 100.0 23.0 (2.72) 29.5 (3.48) 27.1 (3.04) 20.4 (3.72)
Education2HighschooldiplomaorGEDor lesseducation. . . . . . . . 4,278 100.0 40.7 (3.30) 25.7 (2.94) 20.5 (2.23) 13.1 (2.22)Somecollegeormoreeducation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,002 100.0 30.0 (4.10) 30.0 (5.44) 19.3 (3.19) 20.8 (4.02)
HispanicoriginandraceHispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,769 100.0 62.9 (4.47) 12.8 (2.74) 12.5 (3.14) 11.8 (2.58)NotHispanicorLatino
White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,702 100.0 29.4 (3.94) 36.4 (5.18) 18.1 (3.14) 16.1 (3.41)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,336 100.0 20.7 (2.59) 27.4 (3.53) 34.1 (3.93) 17.8 (2.79)
*Figuredoesnotmeetstandardsofreliabilityorprecision.1Includes fathersofotherormultiple-raceandorigingroups,notshownseparately. Fatherswholivewithchildrenalsomayhavechildren theydonot livewithcurrently;theyare included inbothcategories.2Limitedto fathersaged2244at timeof interview.GED isGeneralEducationalDevelopmenthighschoolequivalencydiploma.NOTE:Percentagesmaynotadd to100due torounding.SOURCE:CDC/NCHS,NationalSurveyofFamilyGrowth,20062010.
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Page20 NationalHealthStatisticsReports n Number71 n December20,2013Table9.Numberandpercentdistributionoffathersaged1544withchildrenaged518years,byhowoftentheyhelpedtheirchildrenwithhomeworkorcheckedthatthechildrenhadcompletedtheirhomeworkinthe last4weeks,accordingtotheirlivingarrangement:UnitedStates,20062010
Number Onceaweek SeveraltimesCharacteristic (inthousands) Total Notatall or less aweek Everyday
Liveswithoneormorechildren Percentdistribution(standarderror)
Total1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,970 100.0 14.1 (1.24) 23.2 (1.40) 33.1 (1.56) 29.7 (1.53)Age inyears
1524 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 100.0 * * * * * * * *2534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,105 100.0 14.3 (2.06) 18.9 (2.01) 31.5 (2.41) 35.3 (2.52)3544 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,591 100.0 14.0 (1.52) 25.1 (1.89) 34.0 (1.93) 27.0 (1.75)
MaritalorcohabitingstatusCurrently married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,997 100.0 12.9 (1.55) 23.4 (1.62) 34.7 (1.92) 29.1 (1.88)Currentlycohabiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,529 100.0 20.0 (2.97) 22.2 (3.02) 25.8 (2.87) 32.1 (3.35)Notcurrentlymarriedorcohabiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,444 100.0 14.3 (3.40) 23.1 (4.08) 31.0 (4.82) 31.6 (4.54)
Education2HighschooldiplomaorGEDor lesseducation. . . . . . . . 8,485 100.0 15.3 (1.86) 21.9 (1.63) 30.8 (2.02) 32.0 (2.41)Somecollegeormoreeducation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,423 100.0 12.8 (1.76) 24.4 (2.25) 35.4 (2.33) 27.3 (2.00)
HispanicoriginandraceHispanicorLatino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,686 100.0 14.0 (2.31) 21.8 (2.27) 35.0 (2.94) 29.3 (2.88)NotHispanicorLatino
White, single race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,790 100.0 14.7 (1.89) 23.4 (2.22) 33.8 (2.27) 28.1 (2.13)BlackorAfricanAmerican,singlerace. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,797 100.0 10.8 (1.80) 20.3 (2.79) 28.4 (3.13) 40.6 (3.31)
Doesnot livewithoneormoreofhischildrenTotal1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,280 100.0 69.1 (2.37) 17.2 (1.95) 7.6 (1.15) 6.0 (1.28)Age inyears
1524 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 100.0 * * * * * * * *2534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,329 100.0 65.3 (4.04) 18.4 (3.08) 9.5 (2.39) 6.8 (2.06)3544 . . . . . .